Job Turnover: What the Russian Statistics Tells Us

2014 ◽  
pp. 93-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson ◽  
O. Zhikhareva ◽  
R. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Job Turnover ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Cross Country

The paper analyzes job turnover in the Russian economy on the basis of aggregate data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) since 2008. It describes main trends in job creation and job destruction in the Russian labor market over 2008-2012 and explores variation in intensity of these processes by types of ownership, sectors and regions. Cross-country comparisons indicate that job turnover in the Russian economy remains low. However, its private sector demonstrates much higher job creation and job destruction rates.

scholarly journals Another Look at the Macroeconomic Information Content of Aggregate Earnings: Evidence from the Labor Market

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca N. Hann ◽  
Congcong Li ◽  
Maria Ogneva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Special Items ◽  
Macroeconomic Information ◽  
Earnings Components ◽  
Aggregate Earnings ◽  
Core Earnings ◽  
Near Term

We examine the macroeconomic information content of aggregate earnings from the labor market's perspective. We use insights from the labor economics literature to characterize the information contained in aggregate GAAP earnings and its components that is relevant for predicting aggregate job creation and destruction. Our results suggest that not only does aggregate earnings news convey information about future labor market aggregates, but its information content is incremental to other macroeconomic variables at near-term horizons. Further, the source of this information stems primarily from two earnings components: aggregate core earnings and special items. Shocks to core earnings signal persistent changes in economy-wide profitability that predict aggregate job creation up to four quarters ahead, while shocks to special items predict job destruction up to one quarter. Taken together, our results suggest that aggregate earnings contain useful information about future labor market conditions, with the nature of such information varying across earnings components.

Forecasting the Impact of Automation on Jobs

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Cynthia Estlund
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Advanced Education ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Minority View ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 2 digs more deeply into the outlook for job destruction and job creation, and adds some theory and data to Chapter 1’s anecdotes about how machines can replace human workers. It reports an emerging consensus among leading scholars that automation is already contributing to the polarization, or hollowing out, of the labor market by destroying more middle-skill jobs than it is creating. And it reports on the more concerning prediction—still a minority view though more than plausible—that machines are destined to produce overall net job losses as they continually whittle away at humans’ comparative advantages. The chapter arrives at a working premise for the rest of the book that straddles those two forecasts: We are facing a future of less work—at least less work for those with ordinary human skills and without advanced education, and perhaps less work overall. While that straddle might seem untenable, either forecast is similarly bleak for most workers—if we do not respond constructively; and when it comes to the shape of a constructive response, both forecasts point largely in the same direction.

scholarly journals Employment targeting in a frictional labor market

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Ghate ◽  
Debojyoti Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Search And Matching ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public

Purpose Governments in both developing and developed economies play an active role in labor markets in the form of providing both formal public sector jobs and employment through public workfare programs. The authors refer to this as employment targeting. The purpose of the paper is to consider different labor market effects of employment targeting in a stylized model of a developing economy. In the context of a simple search and matching friction model, the authors show that the propensity for the public sector to target more employment can increase the unemployment rate in the economy and lead to an increase in the size of the informal sector. Design/methodology/approach The model is an application of a search and matching model of labor market frictions, where agents have heterogeneous abilities. The authors introduce a public sector alongside the private sector in the economy. Wage in the private sector is determined through Nash bargaining, whereas the public sector wage is exogenously fixed. In this setup, the public sector hiring rate influences private sector job creation and hence the overall employment rate of the economy. As an extension, the authors model the informal sector coupled with the other two sectors. This resembles developing economies. Then, the authors check the overall labor market effects of employment targeting through public sector intervention. Findings In the context of a simple search and matching friction model with heterogeneous agents, the authors show that the propensity for the public sector to target more employment can increase the unemployment rate in the economy and lead to an increase in the size of the informal sector. Employment targeting can, therefore, have perverse effects on labor market outcomes. The authors also find that it is possible that the private sector wage falls as a result of an increase in the public sector hiring rate, which leads to more job creation in the private sector. Originality/value What is less understood in the literature is the impact of employment targeting on the size of the informal sector in developing economies. The authors fill this gap and show that public sector intervention can have perverse effects on overall job creation and the size of the informal sector. Moreover, a decrease in the private sector wage due to a rise in public sector hiring reverses the consensus findings in the search and matching literature which show that an increase in public sector employment disincentivizes private sector vacancy postings.

scholarly journals Job Creation and Job Destruction in a Regulated Labor Market: The Case of Austria

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Stiglbauer ◽  
Florian Stahl ◽  
Rudolf Winter-Ebmer ◽  
Josef Zweimueller
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Job Destruction

scholarly journals Labor Market Dynamics, Informality and Regulations in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio David ◽  
Samuel Pienknagura ◽  
Jorge Roldos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Labor Market Dynamics ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Labor Market Regulations

Labor markets in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are characterized by high levels of informality and relatively rigid regulation. This paper shows that these two features are related and together make the speed of adjustment of employment to shocks slower, especially when regulations are tightly enforced. Evidence suggests that strict labor market regulations also have an adverse effect on medium-term growth. While both regulations on prices (minimum wages) and quantities (employment protection) decrease the speed of adjustment to shocks, they appear to be binding in different phases of the cycle—the former affects mostly the (net) job creation margin and the latter the (net) job destruction margin. The results also highlight possible interactions between labor market regulations and the effectiveness of macro-stabilization tools—including exchange rate depreciation.

scholarly journals How Dynamic is the Private Sector? Job Creation and Insights from Workplace-Level Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. F4-F14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Butcher ◽  
Matt Bursnall
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Accounting Terms

Private sector employment rose by over a million in the past three years. Commentators often interpret this number – which is a net figure – as ‘job creation’. But how many jobs really are created each year, and conversely how many are lost? How has this changed with the downturn and what does it imply for the recovery?This article uses findings from business and workplace-level data to map i) job creation and destruction over recent years, ii) its components in accounting terms, iii) the relative contribution by firms of different size and age, and iv) the reallocation of resource between firms and to workplaces within firms. There are four main points: a)Job churn far outweighs net change. Before the downturn, an average of 4.0 million jobs were created each year and a slightly smaller number lost (3.7m), resulting in a net increase of about 300,000 per year.b)Most job creation (over 70 per cent) is within existing firms; but within that, over a third comes from the creation of new workplaces set up within those firms.c)The net reduction in jobs in 2008–11 was not, in contrast to earlier recessions, due to higher rates of job loss; instead it reflects a sustained period of lower job creation in new workplaces, especially in SMEs (figure 1). This is consistent with ongoing credit constraints hitting SMEs particularly hard, as discussed in Armstrong et al. (2013), or could simply be in line with lack of confidence to invest at this time.d)Looking at the years 2008–11 individually, the downturn begins with reduced levels of entry, followed by a peak of job destruction in 2009 in line with reduced aggregate demand, and then a continuation of low levels of entry of new SMEs, and lower levels of destruction too (figure 2).

Does the Russian Government Pay a "Fair" Wage: Review of Studies

2015 ◽  
pp. 62-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Fair Wage

This paper surveys the literature on public-private sector wage differentials for Russian labor market. We give an overview of the main results and problems of the existing research. The authors unanimously confirm that in Russia private sector workers receive higher wages relative to their public sector counterparts. According to different estimates the "premium" varies between 7 and 40%. A correct evaluation of this "premium" is subject to debate and is a particular case of a more general econometric problem of wage differentials estimation. The main difficulties are related to data limitations, self-selection and omitted variables. Reasons for the existence of a stable private sector "premium" in Russia are not fully investigated.

Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)

2010 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Magun ◽  
M. Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Fourth Round

The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.

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