The Relationship of GDP, Unemployment Rateand Employment: In-depth Analysis of Okun’s Law for Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vakulenko ◽  
E. Gurvich

The authors estimate the short-term and long-term relationship GDP- unemployment (employment). These are the first reliable and robust confirmations of Okun’s law validity for Russia. It has been shown that the reaction of unemployment to output decline is much stronger than the response to output growth of the same size. Cross-country comparisons give evidence that Okun’s coefficient for Russia is slightly inferior to the same indicator for most developed countries, but is similar to coefficients found for other emerging markets.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Sakinah Rachman ◽  
Sri Herianingrum

This study aims to determine to know the relationship of short term and long term of dualism monetary instrument, in conventional there is SBI, and PUAB, money supply (M2) and in islamic instrument there is SBIS,PUAS and money supply (M2). The approach used is a quantitative approach using VAR/VECM. The results of the analysis most contribution most retrieved from M2 variable. While conventional instrument rated the more stable and able to provide higer valure campared to islamic instruments. The result showed that variable of SBIhave positive significant corelation in long term and has contributions reached 10,1%. PUAB variable showed that have significant in long term by giving contribution of 4,68%. Next in islamic instrument, SBIS significant on long term by providing a contribution amount 1,01%, while PUAS have a significant in long term with contribution reached 25,27%. The results of the analysis most contribution most retrieved from M2 variable.


Author(s):  
Anna Endryushko

For the first time, using quantitative survey data, the author analyze prevalence of the main transnational practices of migrants from the post-Soviet states in the Moscow region. The empirical basis of the study consists  of the sociological surveys of migrants conducted in 2017 and 2020 by the Center for Ethnopolitical and Regional Studies for the Higher School of Economics and the team of the Center for the Study of Interethnic Relations of the IS FCTAS RAS . The author concludes that close relationships exist between migrants and their countries of origin, as well as the widespread prevalence of transnational practices. The basis of ties consists of frequent trips to the country of origin, the presence of a large number of relatives in the country of origin, regular communication with them, as well as regular cash transfers from migrants to their homeland, which form the basis of the household economy in these countries. The relationship of some transnational practices (including remittances) with the long-term migration strategies of the respondents suggests that the reorientation of migration from short-term to long-term will also reduce the scale of transnationalism.


2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol D. Mikulec ◽  
Joyce E. Rundhaug ◽  
Melissa S. Simper ◽  
Ronald A. Lubet ◽  
Susan M. Fischer

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Stieger ◽  
Christoph Burger

The association of body height with occupational success has been frequently studied, with previous research mainly finding a positive effect among men and positive or null effects among women. Occupational success has almost exclusively been measured so far by short-term success variables (e.g., annual income). In the present study, the relationship of success and height was examined in a group of actors and actresses using a large online database about movies (Internet Movie Database) where heights of actors and actresses are stated. The number of roles played in movies and television series during each actor's lifetime was used as a measure of long-term occupational success. No height effect was found for male actors but a significant negative effect was found for actresses, even after controlling for possible confounding influences (age and birth year). Compared to the general population, actors and actresses were significantly taller; however, actresses who were shorter than average were more likely to achieve greater occupational success, in terms of being featured in more movies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Javed Hussain ◽  
Tariq Mehmood Dar ◽  
Neelofer Tariq

The following study clarifies the role of risk attitude in revolving the relationship between Financing Objectives and personality characteristics and the moderating role of investment savvy between risk attitude and financing objectives by the particular sample size of 200 students. The participants of the study belonged from finance background. To simplify the collected data, the regression analyses was utilized in a flow to implicate the effect upon the dependent variables of the independent variables. To get more enhanced results, the mediator and the moderator were uplifted. Hence by, the results revealed that individuals who are activity, determined, and sympathy towards others are more willing to opt for STFO (short term financing objectives). Whilst, in long run extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness, and conscientiousness traits are more inclined towards LTFO (long term financing objectives). Moreover, the study further mentions that STFO and LTFO are not much affected by investment savvy of an individuals. Nonetheless, the investment savvy is not really bothered by the relationship of financing objectives and risk attitude.


Author(s):  
Heather Isabella Sullivan

Ecocriticism emphasizes how our bodily and ecological boundaries are just as porous, inter-penetrable, and open as are our cultural and linguistic realms. As individual bodies and communities, we are fully immersed in our material environment and participating in constant exchanges of matter and energy. In this essay, I nevertheless advocate for a cautious approach to the ecocritical question of contested boundaries. After all, some boundaries and membranes are necessary to maintain living organisms. Regarding Timothy Morton’s assertion that we are “radically open,” I note the need for stable and healthy membranes to sustain life, such as our porous yet enclosed intestines. I propose a multi-pronged perspective using the literary model of Goethe’s famously sentimental Werther, who longs to merge with nature and become an insect, in juxtaposition with his deeply ironic Triumph of Sentimentality, which satirizes the Werther-like figure, Prince Oronaro, who wants to keep nature safely in a box. From the relationship of these two texts emerges an “ironic Werther,” a model for ecocriticism. Werther’s and Morton’s “openness” are juxtaposed with Oronaro’s boxes, allowing for an open/closed perspective that resonates with “unbalanced nature” more broadly. Ecologically speaking, all boundaries fade in the long-term, cosmic view; yet short-term boundaries allow a steady-state existence far from equilibrium, that is, they allow life to exist. Nature’s long term unbalance brings change and evolution, even as short-term bodies live, reproduce, die, and continue the process. This essay rejects the notion of harmonious nature and proposes instead a dynamic, multi-pronged view both ironic and serious, both literary and scientific, both open and closed; above all, it suggests that thinking “nature in a box” might remind us that we, too, are nature and need some limits as we hubristically alter our world.       La ecocrítica hace énfasis  en cómo nuestros límites corporales y ecológicos son tan porosos, inter-penetrables y abiertos como lo son nuestras esferas culturales y lingüísticas. Como cuerpos individuales y comunidades, estamos plenamente inmersos en nuestro medio ambiente material participando en constantes  intercambios de materia y energía. Sin embargo, este ensayo tiene como objetivo proponer  un enfoque mas cauteloso a la cuestión ecocrítica de los límites en disputa. Porque después de todo, algunos límites y membranas son necesarios para mantener a los organismos vivos. 
Con respecto a la afirmación de Timothy Morton de que estamos "radicalmente abiertos", señalo la necesidad que hay de membranas estables y saludables para mantener la vida, tal como es el caso de nuestros propios intestinos que son a la vez porosos y cerrados. Yo propongo una perspectiva con múltiples facetas, usando el modelo literario de Werther, el famoso sentimental de Goethe, quien anhela fusionarse con la naturaleza y convertirse en un insecto, en yuxtaposición con su profundamente irónico Triunfo del Sentimentalismo, que hace una sátira de la figura del Príncipe Oronaro, (personaje con características similares a las de Werther) quien quiere mantener a la naturaleza asegurada dentro de una caja.  De la relación de estos dos textos surge un "Werther irónico", que sirve de modelo para la ecocrítica. La apertura de Werther y de Morton se encuentra  yuxtapuesta con las cajas de Oronaro,  permitiendo una perspectiva abierta/cerrada que resuena mas ampliamente con la "naturaleza desequilibrada."
En términos ecológicos, todos los límites se desvanecen a largo plazo, en el panorama cósmico; sin embargo, los límites a corto plazo permiten una existencia estable lejos del equilibrio, eso quiere decir que estos límites permiten la existencia de la vida. El desequilibro a largo plazo de la naturaleza permite el cambio y la evolución, incluso mientras los cuerpos de corto plazo viven, se reproducen, mueren y continúan el proceso. Este ensayo rechaza la noción de una naturaleza armónica y propone en cambio, una perspectiva dinámica, multifacética,  que es a la vez irónica y seria; literaria y científica; abierta y cerrada. Pero sobre todo, sugiere la noción de que la "naturaleza en una caja" debería recordarnos que nosotros también somos naturaleza y necesitamos algunos límites mientras arrogantemente alteramos nuestro mundo.  


1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Harold Lewis

Knowledge about the political aspects of the delivery of social and health services is necessary in formulating policies that will have the most chance of achieving the desired goal of improved services. Also required for effective action is a critical evaluation of the relationship of long-term goals, as set forth in policies, and short-term action decisions. An ethical imperative based on the principles of distributive justice is proposed as the means of achieving a more equitable and just allocation of resources. Specific practical principles are suggested, including giving the highest priority to access to services, insuring client participation in decision-making, altering programs to fit the life-style of the clients, and persisting in the pursuit of solutions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Edginton ◽  
Dylan E O’Sullivan ◽  
Will King ◽  
M Diane Lougheed

The effect of acute and long-term exposures to outdoor particulate air pollution on lung function in healthy adults is not well established. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the relationship of outdoor particulate air pollution and lung function in healthy adults. Studies that contained data on outdoor air particulate matter levels (PM10 or PM2.5) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in healthy adults were eligible for inclusion. Effect estimates, in relation to long-term and acute exposures, were quantified separately using random effects models. A total of 27 effect estimates from 23 studies were included in this review. Acute exposures were typically assessed with PM2.5, while long-term exposures were predominantly represented by PM10. A 10 µg/m3 increase in short-term PM2.5 exposure (days) was associated with a −7.02 mL (95% CI −11.75 to –2.29) change in FEV1. A 10 µg/m3 difference in long-term PM10 exposure was associated with a −8.72 mL (95% CI −15.39 to –2.07) annual change in FEV1 and an absolute difference in FEV1 of −71.36 mL (95% CI −134.47 to –8.24). This study provides evidence that acute and long-term exposure to outdoor particulate air pollution are associated with decreased FEV1 in healthy adults. Residual confounding from other risk factors, such as smoking, may explain some of the effect for long-term exposures. More studies are required to determine the relationship of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and short-term exposure to PM10, which may have different biologic mechanisms.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanen Moalla ◽  
Rahma Baili

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether credit ratings issued by Fitch predict auditor’s opinion for the Tunisian financial companies. It studies the association between Fitch’s credit rating and the audit opinion. Design/methodology/approach The whole population was analyzed. It is composed of 35 banks, leasing companies and factoring companies in Tunisia. The hand-collected data over 11 years (2005–2015) were used and a multiple-ordered logistic regression was performed. Findings The findings show that firms with a high short-term grade, a high long-term grade or a positive outlook are more likely to receive an unqualified audit opinion. In addition, companies with a stable outlook are more likely to receive an explanatory paragraph, a qualification or a going-concern opinion. Originality/value Studies examining the relationship between credit ratings and audit opinion are rare. This piece of research adds to knowledge about the relationship between different components of agency ratings and the auditor’s opinion in a developing country. Previous studies have investigated the case of developed countries and have been interested in the only impact of the long-term credit rating. This study analyzes three components of credit rating, namely long-term credit rating, short-term credit rating and rating outlook. In addition, it sheds light on the effect of various rating grades issued by rating agencies on the audit opinion. It gives a broader view of the relationship between credit ratings and audit opinion.


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