Potensi Penyebaran Covid-19 di Objek Wisata Indoor Sumatera Barat Berdasarkan Kualitas Fisik Udara Studi Kasus: Lubang Japang dan Istano Basa Pagaruyung

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resti Ayu Lestari ◽  
Rinda Andhita Regia ◽  
Hafifatul Auliya Rahmy ◽  
Vezy Hidayatifa Thayyibah ◽  
Nadya Fadhillah Febrinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting indoor tourism in West Sumatra. The spread of a virus through could be influenced by indoor air quality. This study aims to analyze the potensial spread of Covid-19 in the indoor tourism in West Sumatra based on the physical indoor air quality, including PM2.5 concentration, temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The research objects were Lubang Japang Bukittinggi and Istano Basa Pagaruyung. The research was conducted by using sampling and interview methods. The data obtained were compared to Permenkes No. 1077/Menkes/Per/V/2011 and the suitable environmental conditions for the virus. The results showed that the temperature values in tourist objects were below the standards used. The temperature value in the research objects ranged from 20oC to 30oC. The humidity, light intensity, and PM2.5 concentration values were outside the ranges stipulated by regulations. Lubang Japang humidity was: 75.97 - 94.76 Rh; Istano Basa Pagaruyung: 65.83 - 67.16 Rh. Lubang Japang light intensity was: 0.4 - 4.0 Lux; Istano Basa Pagaruyung: 28 - 38 Lux. The concentration of PM2.5 at Lubang Japang: 187.45 µg / Nm3; Istano Basa Pagaruyung: 77.29 µg / Nm3. Based on this research, the humidity and the PM2.5 concentration of the research objects have the potential to spread the Covid-19.

Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in the Kindergarten Hart - A Case Study of a Unique Sustainable Building Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
Matthias Schuss ◽  
Mahnameh Taheri ◽  
Ulrich Pont ◽  
Ardeshir Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The present contribution, reports on the results of ongoing research efforts on performance assessment of a number of buildings designed by the Austrian architect, Konrad Frey. He is a pioneer of energy-efficient architecture, and his designs, those dating back to the 1970s, adapted the principles of modern solar houses. The current study focuses on the Kindergarten Hart, which was especially designed focusing on the availability of cross ventilation option in building. For the purpose of analyzing thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and the occupants’ adaptive actions with respect to natural ventilation, we conducted long-term monitoring under summer and winter conditions. The monitoring efforts covered indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, as well as the state of windows. Thereby, study of the monitored dataset provides a better understanding of the building performance. Moreover, it makes it possible to examine whether the architect’s expectations in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels are fulfilled or not. In addition, investigation of the occupants’ interactions with windows, together with indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, assists understanding of possible associations between the window opening/closing and environmental parameters, as well as potential optimization of the control-oriented actions.

scholarly journals Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo ◽  
Jesica Fernández-Agüera ◽  
Sonia Cesteros-García ◽  
Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Indoor Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Pollutant ◽  
Domestic Environments ◽  
The City ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

During the first outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic the population, focusing primarily on the risk of infection, was generally inattentive to the quality of indoor air. Spain, and the city of Madrid in particular, were among the world’s coronavirus hotspots. The country’s entire population was subject to a 24/7 lockdown for 45 days. This paper describes a comparative longitudinal survey of air quality in four types of housing in the city of Madrid before and during lockdown. The paper analysed indoor temperatures and variations in CO2, 2.5 μm particulate matter (PM2.5) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations before and during lockdown. The mean daily outdoor PM2.5 concentration declined from 11.04 µg/m3 before to 7.10 µg/m3 during lockdown. Before lockdown the NO2 concentration values scored as ‘very good’ 46% of the time, compared to 90.9% during that period. Although the city’s outdoor air quality improved, during lockdown the population’s exposure to indoor pollutants was generally more acute and prolonged. Due primarily to concern over domestic energy savings, the lack of suitable ventilation and more intensive use of cleaning products and disinfectants during the covid-19 crisis, indoor pollutant levels were typically higher than compatible with healthy environments. Mean daily PM2.5 concentration rose by approximately 12% and mean TVOC concentration by 37% to 559%. The paper also puts forward a series of recommendations to improve indoor domestic environments in future pandemics and spells out urgent action to be taken around indoor air quality (IAQ) in the event of total or partial quarantining to protect residents from respiratory ailments and concomitantly enhanced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, as identified by international medical research.

scholarly journals Effects of Neighboring Units on the Estimation of Particle Penetration Factor in a Modeled Indoor Environment

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Yonghang Lai ◽  
Ian A. Ridley ◽  
Peter Brimblecombe
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Penetration Factor ◽  
Particle Penetration ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Ingress of air from neighboring apartments is an important source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in residential multi-story buildings. It affects the measurement and estimation of particle deposition rate and penetration factor. A blower-door method to measure the particle deposition rate and penetration factor has previously been found to be more precise than the traditional decay-rebound method as it reduces variability of PM2.5 ingress from outside. CONTAM is a multi-zone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis computer program to aid the prediction of indoor air quality. It was used in this study to model the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in an apartment under varying PM2.5 emission from neighboring apartments and window opening and closing regimes. The variation of indoor PM2.5 concentration was also modeled for different days to account for typical outdoor variations. The calibrated CONTAM model aimed to simulate environments found during measurement of particle penetration factor, thus identifying the source of error in the estimates. Results show that during simulated measurement of particle penetration factors using the blower-door method for three-hour periods under a constant 4 Pa pressure difference, the indoor PM2.5 concentration increases significantly due to PM2.5 generated from adjacent apartments, having the potential to cause an error of more than 20% in the estimated value of particle penetration factor. The error tends to be lower if the measuring time is extended. Simulated measurement of the decay-rebound method showed that more PM2.5 can penetrate inside if the PM2.5 was generated from apartments below under naturally variable weather conditions. A multiple blower-door fan can be used to reduce the effects of neighboring emission and increase the precision of the penetration estimates.

Numerical simulation of the influence of external urban environmental conditions in the building windows performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Eusébio Conceiçã ◽  
João Gomes ◽  
Maria Manuela Lúcio ◽  
Maria Inês Conceição ◽  
Hazim Awbi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
System Control ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort

This paper presents a numerical study of the influence of external urban environmental conditions, namely, the solar radiation, in the building windows performance. A software that simulates the building thermal behaviour with complex topology, in transient conditions, is developed and used in the study of indoor air quality and indoor thermal comfort of the occupants of a building, under typical summer conditions. As management strategy was implemented a control system to the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) using the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) index as controllable variable. The studied university building is located in a Mediterranean-type climate in the south of Portugal. The indoor thermal comfort, evaluated by the PMV index, and the indoor air quality, evaluated by the carbon dioxide concentration, were obtained for all occupied spaces. In order to evaluate the implemented control strategy a set of results was obtained for the situations with and without HVAC system control. To exemplify the results obtained, two large compartments were chosen, one with windows facing South and the other without windows. As main conclusion, it can be stated that the use of the HVAC system controllable by the PMV index allows acceptable levels of thermal comfort within the category C of the ISO 7730 standard, and acceptable levels of indoor air quality within the limit proposed by the ASHRAE 62.1 standard.

Who's Sick at School: Linking Poor School Conditions and Health Disparities for Boston's Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolle Graham ◽  
Jean Zotter ◽  
Marlene Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
School Conditions ◽  
Environmental Audits

A recent review of student asthma rates and environmental audits of school buildings suggests that schools with poor indoor air quality have higher-than-average rates of asthma. Many Boston Public School (BPS) children and staff are learning and working in poor indoor environmental conditions that not only can exacerbate asthma, but also lead to other problems ranging from allergies and sinus infections to adverse academic performance [1]. The Boston Urban Asthma Coalition (BUAC) conducted a preliminary analysis of 2004–05 childhood asthma rates for BPS students and compared them to the 2004–05 environmental audits of the top 10 schools with environmental problems. This analysis suggests that schools with the highest rates of leaks, mold, and pest infestations also have higher-than-average asthma rates for children.

scholarly journals Measurement of indoor air quality under different heating modes in western Sichuan

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Zou Hang ◽  
Liu Zhanqiang ◽  
Guo Xiaojuan ◽  
Long Enshen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sichuan Region ◽  
Influence Degree ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Western Sichuan region has a variety of traditional heating methods and excellent outdoor air quality, and the difference with the city is clear. The indoor air quality of the western Sichuan region is worth studying. The diffusion law of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentration under different heating methods can be explored to provide effective data support for environmental governance. In this context, the indoor air quality under different heating methods in Songpan County was measured with PM2.5 concentration assessment of indoor air quality (IAQ). By analyzing the indoor air quality under different heating modes, the following conclusions can be drawn: the influence degree of indoor activity on indoor particle concentration level depends on the source and characteristics of the house. Air leakage is one of the main reasons for the rise of indoor PM2.5. Heating methods disturb the indoor air, which significantly affects the migration of PM2.5.

scholarly journals Analysis of Impact of Natural Ventilation Strategies in Ventilation Rates and Indoor Environmental Acoustics Using Sensor Measurement Data in Educational Buildings

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6122
Author(s):  
María L. de la Hoz-Torres ◽  
Antonio J. Aguilar ◽  
Diego P. Ruiz ◽  
María Dolores Martínez-Aires
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Indoor environmental conditions can significantly affect occupants’ health and comfort. These conditions are especially important in educational buildings, where students, teachers and staff spend long periods of the day and are vulnerable to these factors. Recently, indoor air quality has been a focus of attention to ensure that disease transmission in these spaces is minimised. In order to increase the knowledge in this field, experimental tests have been carried out to characterise the impact of natural ventilation strategies on indoor air quality and the acoustic environment. This study has evaluated three ventilation scenarios in four different classrooms in buildings of the University of Granada, considering different window and door opening configurations. Ventilation rates were estimated using the CO2 Decay Method, and background noise recordings were made in each classroom for acoustic tests. Results show that specific natural ventilation strategies have a relevant impact that is worth considering on the background noise in indoor spaces. In this sense ventilation rates provided by the different configurations varied between 3.7 and 39.8 air changes per hour (ACH) and the acoustic tests show a background noise ranging from 43 to 54 dBA in these scenarios. Consequently, managers and teachers should take into account not only the ACH, but also other collateral impacts on the indoor environmental conditions such as the thermal comfort or the acoustic environment.

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