scholarly journals Complicated COVID-19 pneumonia in an infant: A rare entity

2021 ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
Padmaja Biradar ◽  
Sushma Save ◽  
Murtuja Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Sensitivity Report

In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, children are spared from severe disease, accounting for 0.39–12.3%. According to a study in Wuhan China, only 2.7% of children are developed severe pneumonia. There are few cases reported with COVID-19 pneumonia in infants. We report the case of a 45-day-old infant who presented with respiratory distress with COVID-19 pneumonia required mechanical ventilation with an intercostal drainage tube for pyopneumothorax. The child was treated with intravenous antibiotics with supportive oxygen therapy. The fluid report of the pyopneumothorax was showing MRSA growth, so antibiotics were modified according to the sensitivity report. In this case report, COVID-19 pneumonia presented with complications in the form of pyopneumothorax with secondary bacterial infection and was successfully treated with a vigilant approach.

Surfactant therapy in combination treatment of COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Renat R. Gubaidullin ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr P. Kuzin ◽  
Vladimir V. Kulakov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Surfactant Therapy

ntroduction. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an outbreak of viral lung infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome complicated with acute respiratory failure. Despite the fact that the pandemic has a lengthened run, none of the therapeutic approaches have proved to be sufficiently effective according to the evidence-based criteria. We consider the use of surfactant therapy in patients with severe viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as one of the possible methods for treating COVID-19 related pneumonia. Objective. To prove the clinical efficacy and safety of orally inhaled Surfactant-BL, an authorized drug, in the combination therapy of COVID-19 related ARDS. Materials and methods. A total of 38 patients with COVID-19 related severe pneumonia and ARDS were enrolled in the study. Of these, 20 patients received the standard therapy in accordance with the temporary guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, version 9. And 18 patients received the surfactant therapy in addition to the standard therapy. Surfactant-BL was used in accordance with the instructions on how to administer the drug for the indication – prevention of the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. A step-by-step approach to the build-up of the respiratory therapy aggressiveness was used to manage hypoxia. We used oxygen inhalation via a face mask with an oxygen inflow of 5–15 l/min, highflow oxygen therapy via nasal cannulas using Airvo 2 devices, non-invasive lung ventilation, invasive lung ventilation in accordance with the principles of protective mechanical ventilation. Results and discussion. Significant differences in the frequency of transfers to mechanical ventilation, mortality, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospitalization length of stay (p <0.05) were found between the groups. Patients receiving surfactant therapy who required a transfer to mechanical ventilation accounted for 22% of cases, and the mortality rate was 16%. In the group of patients receiving standard therapy without surfactant inhalation 45% were transferred to mechanical ventilation, and 35% died. For patients receiving surfactant therapy, the hospital stay was reduced by 20% on average, and ICU stay by 30%. Conclusion. The inclusion of surfactant therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 related severe pneumonia and ARDS can reduce the progression of respiratory failure, avoid the use of mechanical ventilation, shorten the ICU and hospitalization length of stay, and improve the survival rate of this patient cohort.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Nocardiosis in Immunocompetent Patient: A Rare Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusum V Shah ◽  
Saket Kumar ◽  
Yash Rana ◽  
Arti D Shah
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Nocardia Species ◽  
Pulmonary Nocardiosis ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Bronchial Alveolar Lavage ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Pulmonary nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection that may lead to severe disease in immunodeficient patients and usually not so common in immunocompetent patients. The report is about a 57-year-old male with Norcardiosis. His sputum and Bronchial Alveolar Lavage (BAL) were negative for acid-fast bacilli. Nocardia species was isolated in BAL culture. He was started on Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Clarithromycin, which was later continued for six months.

scholarly journals Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) requiring mechanical ventilation - case report & review of literature

Pulse ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
ASM Iqbal ◽  
LN Begum
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Limited Disease ◽  
Preterm Baby ◽  
Oxygen Supplement

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is usually a benign and self-limited disease of the newborns and the prognosis is generally excellent. It is believed to be resulting from incomplete resorption of fluid from the lungs of the newborn. Infants present with respiratory distress, requiring oxygen supplement for 2-3 days. However some infants with severe symptoms and hypoxaemia may need prolonged oxygen supplement and sometimes mechanical ventilation. Here we present a borderline preterm baby with TTN, who required mechanical ventilation.DOI: 10.3329/pulse.v3i1.6549Pulse Vol.3(1) July 2009 p23-24

scholarly journals Influenza A triggered status asthmaticus requiring emergency ECMO

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Guarracino ◽  
M. Stefani ◽  
P. Maremmani ◽  
M. Corini ◽  
S. Pini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Status Asthmaticus ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

We describe a case of acute respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia triggered by the influenza A virus, rapidly evolving into a refractory status asthmaticus requiring emergent ECMO assistance, in order to facilitate the clinical management of patients suffering from this rare but life-threatening condition. This case report demonstrates that infection with influenza A virus can present with severe pneumonia and status asthmaticus refractory to medical and ventilatory treatment. When medical treatment and mechanical ventilation fail, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy should not be delayed as it will avoid injury resulting from inadequate mechanical ventilation and lung hyperinflation.

scholarly journals Achondroplasia: Case Report and Review of Literature

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-226
Author(s):  
GS Shah ◽  
MK Shrivastava ◽  
D Shah ◽  
N Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Male Child ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Paediatric Ward ◽  
History Of

A two month old male child presented to emergency of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan and was admitted to Paediatric ward with history of fever, cough and respiratory distress. On examination the breathing was rapid and shallow. The child was small for age with an upper to lower segment ratio of 1.9. The anteroposterior diameter of thorax was reduced. We report a very rare case of achondroplasia which was recognized in a two month age child who presented with severe pneumonia. Usually the clinically features of achondroplasia is more prominent when the child is growing in height but we diagnosed it in a two months child after performing the skeletal survey.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v31i3.5363 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2011;31(3): 216-224-226  

scholarly journals Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) as a biomarker of COVID-19 disease severity and indicator of the need for mechanical ventilation, ARDS and mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Lim ◽  
Aleksandar Radujkovic ◽  
Markus A. Weigand ◽  
Uta Merle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sofa Score ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Soluble Receptor ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Srage Level

Abstract Background COVID-19 pneumonia and subsequent respiratory failure is causing an immense strain on intensive care units globally. Early prediction of severe disease enables clinicians to avoid acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development and improve management of critically ill patients. The soluble receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) is a biomarker shown to predict ARDS. Although sRAGE level varies depending on the type of disease, there is limited information available on changes in sRAGE levels in COVID-19. Therefore, sRAGE was measured in COVID-19 patients to determine sRAGE level variation in COVID-19 severity and to examine its ability to predict the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) and mortality in COVID-19. Methods In this single-centre observational cohort study in Germany, serum sRAGE during acute COVID-19, 20 weeks after the start of COVID-19 symptoms, as well as in control groups of non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients and healthy controls were measured using ELISA. The primary endpoint was severe disease (high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO)/MV and need of organ support). The secondary endpoints were respiratory failure with need of MV and 30-day mortality. The area under the curve (AUC), cut-off based on Youden’s index and odds ratio with 95% CI for sRAGE were calculated with regard to prediction of MV need and mortality. Results Serum sRAGE in 164 COVID-19 patients, 101 matched COVID-19 convalescent patients, 23 non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients and 15 healthy volunteers were measured. sRAGE level increased with COVID-19 severity, need for oxygen therapy, HFNO/MV, ARDS severity, need of dialysis and catecholamine support, 30-day mortality, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA (qSOFA) score. sRAGE was found to be a good predictor of MV need in COVID-19 inpatients and mortality with an AUC of 0.871 (0.770–0.973) and 0.903 (0.817–0.990), respectively. When adjusted for male gender, age, comorbidity and SOFA score ≥ 3, sRAGE was independently associated with risk of need for HFNO/MV. When adjusted for SOFA score ≥ 3, sRAGE was independently associated with risk of need for MV. Conclusions Serum sRAGE concentrations are elevated in COVID-19 patients as disease severity increases. sRAGE should be considered as a biomarker for predicting the need for MV and mortality in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Logistical challenge with prehospital use of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in COVID-19-induced respiratory distress: a case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Kedzierewicz ◽  
Clément Derkenne ◽  
Adrien Fraudin ◽  
Paola Vanhaecke ◽  
Romain Jouffroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
High Flow

scholarly journals Impact of Serum Biomarkers and Clinical Factors on Intensive Care Unit Mortality and 6-Month Outcome in Relatively Healthy Patients with Severe Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Cheng Tseng ◽  
Wen-Feng Fang ◽  
Sum-Yee Leung ◽  
Hung-Chen Chen ◽  
Ya-Chun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Antibiotics Use

Objectives. This study aimed to identify the independent biomarkers and clinical factors that could predict ICU mortality and 6-month outcomes in relatively healthy patients with severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Patients and Methods. We prospectively enrolled patients with severe pneumonia-related ARDS that required mechanical ventilation. Patients were excluded if they were unable to take care of themselves. Several biomarkers and clinical factors were evaluated prospectively on day 1 and day 3 after ICU admission. All biomarkers and clinical factors were collected for analysis.Results. 56 patients were enrolled in this study. We determined that the initial appropriate antibiotics use was an independent clinical factor and day 1 high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) concentration was an independent biomarker for ICU mortality. Interestingly, we also found that a low day 1 albumin level was an independent biomarker for predicting patient life dependence 6 months after a pneumonia event.Conclusion. Patients with severe pneumonia and ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation experience high rates of ICU mortality or disability, even if they were quite healthy before. Initial appropriate antibiotics use and day 1 level of HMGB1 were independent factors for predicting ICU mortality. Day 1 albumin level was predictive of 6-month patient life dependence.

scholarly journals Cutaneous actinomycosis and long-term management through using oral and topical antibiotics: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Najmi ◽  
Ibrahim Hassan Najmi ◽  
Mosa Mohmmed Hassan Tawhari ◽  
Khadija Hafed Sawadi ◽  
Khaled Ahamed Hassan Khbrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Topical Antibiotics ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
The Right ◽  
Local Examination ◽  
Term Management

Actinomycosis is a subacute or chronic suppurative bacterial infection which caused because of filamentous gram-positive, anaerobic to microaerophilic nonacid fast bacilli primarily of the genus Actinomyces that normally colonize the mouth, colon, and vagina. Primary cutaneous actinomycosis is a rare entity and is generally associated with trauma. A 61- year-old Yemeni male firstly presented to the surgical department in King Fahd Central Hospital with multiple swelling, petted lesions and boring of sensation in the right foot. Local examination showed multiple erythematous nodules and plaques with discharge in the right leg, and active sinus was not determined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document