scholarly journals SEDIMENTOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE 2010 MENTAWAI TSUNAMI DEPOSIT

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Yudhicara Yudhicara ◽  
Andrian Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tsunami Deposit ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
Sponge Spicule ◽  
Run Up

Post tsunami survey of the October 25, 2010, Mentawai tsunami, has been carried out by a collaboration team of Indonesian-German scientists from 20 to 28 November 2010. One activity of the researches were investigation on tsunami deposits along the coast following the event that devastated the islands of Sipora, North Pagai and South Pagai. Sedimentological properties of Mentawai tsunami deposit were explained by this study, from both megascopic and laboratory result. In general, beaches along the study area are underlying by a stretch of reef limestone, sediments mostly composed of white sand while grey sand was found only at Malakopa. Tsunami sediments were taken from 20 locations, start from Betumonga at Sipora Island until Sibaru-baru Island at the southern tip of the study area. The thickness of tsunami deposits are ranged between 1.5 and 22 cm, which are generally composed of fine to coarse sand in irregular boundaries with the underlying soil. Based on grain size analysis, variation of sedimentological properties of tsunami deposits range between phi=-0,5793 and phi=3,3180 or very coarse to very fine sand. Tsunami deposits mostly have multiple layers which described their transport processes, run up at the bottom and back wash at the top. Structural sediments such as graded bedding of fining upward, parallel lamination and soil clast were found. The grain size distribution curves show two types of mode peak, unimodal and multimodal which are indication of different sorting condition representing the source materials. While segment grain size accumulative plot generally shows domination of dilatation and traction transport mechanism rather than suspension. In general, very rare fossils were found from Mentawai tsunami deposit, but those findings gave information on how depth tsunami start to scour the seafloor and transport it landward, such as an abundance of Sponge spicule was found which indicate shallow water environments (20-100 m seafloor depth). Keywords: 2010 Mentawai tsunami, tsunami deposit, grain size analysis, fossils identification. Survei pasca-tsunami Mentawai 25 Oktober 2010, telah dilakukan oleh Tim gabungan Indonesia-Jerman pada tanggal 20 - 28 November 2010. Salah satunya adalah melakukan identifikasi endapan tsunami yang ditemukan di sepanjang pantai yang terlanda tsunami di Pulau Sipora, Pagai Utara dan Pagai Selatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian baik megaskopik maupun analisis laboratorium, dalam tulisan ini dapat dijelaskan mengenai sifat-sifat sedimentologi dari endapan tsunami Mentawai. Secara umum litologi penyusun pantai di daerah penelitian disusun oleh hamparan batugamping terumbu, sebagian disusun oleh pasir berwarna putih, sedangkan di Malakopa tersusun oleh endapan pasir pantai berwarna abu-abu. Berdasarkan hasil analisis laboratorium, diperoleh variasi sifat sedimentologi, seperti kisaran ukuran butir endapan tsunami antara -0,5793 phi dan 3,3180 phi, yaitu pasir sangat kasar hingga sangat halus. Endapan tsunami umumnya memiliki beberapa lapis yang menunjukkan adanya proses transportasi, seperti saat air naik (run up) di lapisan bagian bawah dan surut di bagian atas, yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya perbedaan ukuran butir. Struktur sedimen ditemukan seperti adanya perubahan besar butir secara berangsur menghalus ke bagian atas, perlapisan sejajar dan fragmen tanah yang terperangkap dalam sedimen. Kurva distribusi ukuran butir memperlihatkan dua jenis model puncak, yaitu unimodal dan multimodal yang memperlihatkan kondisi pemilahan yang berbeda yang menunjukkan kondisi sumber material endapan tsunami, sedangkan grafik akumulasi ukuran butir umumnya memperlihatkan dominasi mekanisme transportasi dilatasi dan traksi daripada suspensi. Secara umum fosil yang terkandung dalam endapan tsunami Mentawai sangat jarang, namun sedikit banyak telah memberikan informasi seberapa dalam gelombang tsunami mulai menggerus lantai samudera dan memindahkannya ke darat, misalnya dengan ditemukannya fosil bentonik Sponge spicule yang melimpah, menunjukkan asal lingkungan laut dangkal dengan kedalaman laut 20-100 m. Kata kunci: Tsunami Mentawai 2010, endapan tsunami, analisis besar butir, identifikasi fosil.

Identification of suspected paleotsunami deposits study from Karapyak Beach, Pangandaran area, West Jawa, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswan Aswan ◽  
Yan Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tsunami Deposit ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Coarse Grains

Identifying and constraining palaeotsunami deposits can be a vital tool for establishing the periodicity of earthquakes and their associated tsunami events beyond the historical records. However, the deposits can be difficult to establish and date. In this study we used the characteristics of the 2006 Pangandaran tsunami deposit as a reference for identification of paleotsunami deposits in Karapyak Beach, Pangandaran area, West Java, Indonesia. Similar to the 2006 Pangandaran tsunami deposit, the Karapyak Beach paleotsunami deposit is characterized by light brown loose sand materials overlying a dark brown paleosoil layer with erosional contact. A thin layer that varies in thickness is locally found right above the erosional contact, with non-laminated coarser grain in the lower part that gradually change into medium to fine sand-sized in upper part. The base of the lower part is rich with broken mollusc shells and corals, and the mid-top of the lower part may contain several intact molusc shells and corals, rock fragments and anthropogenic products (rooftile). Those types of fragments are absent in the upper part of the thin layer. Grain size analysis shows a mixture of fine and coarse grains in the lower part of 2006 tsunami deposits as well as in the suspected paleotsunami deposits, suggesting uprush high energy flow during sedimentation. Fining upward sequence above mixed grain layers reflects waning flow or pre-backwash deposition. Foraminifera analysis also shows a mixture of shallow and deep marine foraminifera in the two deposits. Based on the characteristics of the 2006 tsunami deposits, there are at least four identified paleotsunami deposits at Karapyak Beach, Pangandaran area.

scholarly journals CARACTERÍSTICAS SEDIMENTOLÓGICAS DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL INTERNA RASA NA PORÇÃO CENTRAL DO LITORAL PARANAENSE

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Alvim VEIGA ◽  
Rodolfo José ANGULO ◽  
Eduardo MARONE ◽  
Frederico Pereira BRANDINI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Inner Continental Shelf ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Sand Sediments

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar os sedimentos da plataforma continental interna paranaense entre as profundidades de 5 a 15 m entre os estuários de Guaratuba, ao sul e Paranaguá, ao norte da área de estudo. Informações batimétricas, análises granulométricas e determinação de teores de carbonato e matéria orgânica de amostras de sedimentos de fundo permitiram a geração dos mapas temáticos. Observou-se uma grande predominância de areia fina, porém a média granulométrica dos sedimentos varia do silte grosso até a areia grossa. Foram identificados cinco padrões distintos de sedimentos na área estudada: i) as areias fina e muito fina do delta de maré vazante associado à desembocadura sul do Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá; ii) as areias muito finas bimodais, com teores de finos entre 10 e 40 %, localizadas próximas à costa, iii) as areias média e grossa unimodais; iv) as areias finas na faixa dos 10 a 15 m de profundidade, unimodais menos selecionadas que as areias finas do delta de maré vazante; v) as areias finas a muito finas das barras do início da zona de arrebentação. SHOREFACE SEDIMENTOLOGY AT PARANÁ MIDDLE COAST Abstract The aim of this work aims at knowing the shallow inner continental shelf between 5 and 15 m water depths of the State of Paraná between the Guaratuba (south) and Paranaguá (north) estuaries. Bathymetric data, grain size analysis and carbonate and organic matter rates of bottom sediments samples allowed to make thematic charts of this deposicional environment. The predominance of fine sand is quite large; despite the mean grain size of the samples varies (coarse silt to coarse sand). It was identified five different sediment patterns at the study area: i) fine and very fine sands of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex south mouth tide delta; ii) bimodal very fine sand with 10 to 40% rates of silt and clay that occurs near the coastline between 5 and 10 m water depths; iii) unimodal medium and coarse sand sediments; iv) fine sand sediments between 10 and 15 m water depths, unimodal but different from the delta fine sands because the distributions in more Ø intervals; v) fine and very fine sands of the beach braking bars zone.

scholarly journals Compositional and industrial assessment of Isua-Akoko, Akure, Ayadi and Lafe (Ode Aye) clay deposits of Ondo state, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
O Adegbuyi ◽  
GP Ojo ◽  
AJ Adeola ◽  
MT Alebiosu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Firing Test ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Ondo State

The physical and chemical properties of clay deposits around Isua-Akoko, Akure, Lafe and Ayadi in Ondo State southwestern Nigeria have been examined. The results have shown that Isua-Akoko, Akure and Lafe Clays are plastic fire clays while Ayadi clay is kaolinite. Grain size analysis reveals that Isua Akoko Clay contains 45% of clay, 18% silt, 12% fine sand,14% medium sand and 11% coarse sand and no gravel; Akure clay contains 42% clay, 14% silt, 13% fine sand, 20% medium sand and 8% coarse sand with 1% gravel. Lafe Clay contains 21% clay, 8% silt, 25% fine sand, 37% medium sand and 8% coarse sand with 1% gravel while Ayadi clay contains 83% clay and 17% silt. The liquid limits of these clay samples range from 41% to 73%% and plastic limits range from 18% to 26% respectively. The chemical analysis reveals that the most abundant mineral is silica (60.97%) and aluminum was next in abundance (23.69%) while other oxides are low. The results show that Isua-Akoko and Akure are residual while Lafe and Ayadi are sedimentary and transported Clays. The firing test, PH, and bleaching tests of the clays are also discussed. The chemical and physical characteristics of the clay deposits are strongly indicative of their industrial importance in the production of ceramics, refractories, paving bricks, paint and pharmaceutical products.KEYWORDS: Kaolinite, fire clay, gravel, ceramics and alumina.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Heavy Metal (Zn, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Cd) Contaminations on Different Soil Level from Post-Mining Bauxite Production for Aquaculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽  
Tri Apriadi ◽  
Ani Suryanti ◽  
Henky Irawan ◽  
Tengku Said Raja'I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil Level

Bauxite production and exploration give negative impact environmental modification and increasing concern pollution of heavy metals. One of an alternative to reduce the negative impact of bauxite post-mining production is by re-utilizing the abandoned bauxite land and necessary exploratory study to obtain the current environmental conditions primarily related to heavy metals in bauxite mining area. Soil and water quality samples from 5 (five) sites based on post-mining activities were used to determine concentration heavy metals of As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu from different soil level. They were also collected for grain size analysis including those of sand and mud percentages along with the mean, and sorting analysis. The mean grain size post-mining bauxite ranged between very fine sand to medium sand and had heterogeneous texture. The coarse grain size percentage increased towards the bottom of the soil. Total heavy metal contents for post-mining bauxite soils are 0,081 ppm, 0,245 to 0,471 ppm and 0,007 ppm for As, Pb and Cd respectively. Heavy metals for Cd, uniformly at every depth from soil level. On the other hand, Pb showed significance pattern, it was indicated every depth from soil level, the concentration of Pb was different.

scholarly journals Dust Particle Size and Statistical Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-93
Author(s):  
Noor Al-Dousari ◽  
Modi Ahmed ◽  
Ali Al-Dousari ◽  
Musaad Al-Daihani ◽  
Murahib Al-Elaj
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Fine Silt

AbstractGrain ‘size’ can be specified and measured in several different ways. All methods of grain size determination have blemishes, and the choice of the most appropriate method is governed by the nature of the sample and the use to which the data are placed. Four main methods are currently used for size analysis of sands: (a) sieving; (b) settling tube analysis; (c) electro-optical methods, including Coulter Counter analysis and laser granulometry; and (d) computerized image analysis. The classification of the particle size distribution of Kuwait dust was mapped according to the parameters proposed by Folk And Ward (1957) which were widely used for quantitative comparisons between natural grain size distribution and the lognormal distribution that shows better sorted sediments have lower values of σ1. Maps of the distribution of dust in Kuwait were obtained that included: fine sand (F.S.), Coarse sand (C.S), Medium Sand (M.S), Very Fine Sane (V.F.S), Very Coarse Silt (V.C.Silt), Coarse Silt (C.Silt), Medium Silt (M.Silt), Fine Silt (F.Silt), Very Fine Silt (V.F.Silt), in addition to that, the deposition percentage of Clay, Sand, mud (silt plus clay) and silt were provided.

scholarly journals Present-day hydro-aeolian processes in the Serra do Gerês, NW Portugal

1997 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Teles Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Nw Portugal

Micro-scale fcatures developed in coarse sand deposits present in the higher interfluves of the Serra do Gerês are studied. Two main types of features were identified: simple lag-surfaces and microaccumulations against obstacles. A morphological typology for the later is presented. The morphological study, grain-size analysis and comparison of the aspeet and location of the micro-accumulations against obstacles with shrub anemomorphisms allowed a first genetical interpretation for the studied features. This approach emphasises the importance of water and wind erosion in the Serra do Gerês higher areas. The role of water erosion in the genesis of simple lag-surfaces and micro-accumulations against obstac1es is mainly by washing of the fines. Wind erosion acts twofolds through accumulation and deflation of fines.

scholarly journals PROSES SEDIMENTASI SUNGAI KALIJAGA, DAN SUNGAI SUKALILA PERAIRAN CIREBON

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deny Setiady ◽  
Asep Permana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Range ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Sandy Silt ◽  
Bathymetric Map

Berdasarkan hasil analisis besar butir sebanyak 36 percontoh sedimen permukaan dasar laut di Perairan Cirebon, didapatkan 4 jenis sedimen: lanau, lanau pasiran, pasir lanauan dan pasir. Sedimen lanau, lanau pasiran, dan pasir, tersebar di lepas pantai Cirebon dan muara Sungai Kalijaga, sedangkan pasir lanauan di muara sungai Sukalila. Dari Peta Batimetri terlihat daerah dangkal di sekitar muara Sungai Kalijaga. Sedimen paling tebal terdapat di sekitar muara Sungai Kalijaga dan Sungai Sukalila. Sedimen tersebut tersebar ke arah lepas pantai dan ke daerah rencana lokasi pelabuhan. Di muara Sungai Kalijaga sedimennya berupa pasir. Berdasarkan plot pada grafik antara ukuran besar butir terhadap persen frekuensi, didapatkan hasil sedimen dengan persen frekuensi yang tinggi antara 2.25 phi - 2.75 phi atau pasir sedang sampai pasir halus. Berdasarkan grafik frekuensi kumulatif terhadap besar butir terdapat 2 cara transpor yaitu traksi untuk butiran pasir sedang dan saltasi untuk kisaran butiran lanau sampai pasir halus. Kata Kunci : S. Kalijaga, S. Sukalila, Cirebon, besar butir, sedimen Based on grain size analysis of 36 seafloor surficial sediment samples from Cirebon Water; there are 4 types of sediments silt, sandy silt, silty sand and sand. Silt, sandy silt and sand are distributed offshore of Cirebon and in the river mouth of Kalijaga, while silty sand is in the river mouth of Sukalila. From the bathymetric map the shallow water can be observed in Kalijaga river mouth. The thicker sediments are found in Kalijaga mouth and Sukalila river. These sediments have been transported to the offshore and to the proposed Harbour location. Sediment in Kalijaga river mouth is sand. Based on graphic presentation between grain size and percent frequencies, it indicates that the percentage of higher frequencies ranges between 2.25 TO 2.75 phi. Based on the cumulative frequency to grain size graphic, there are two transport modes: traction for medium size sand and saltation for grain size range silt to fine sand. Keywords : Kalijaga River, Sukalila River, Cirebon, grain size, sediment

High resolution geochemical and grain-size analysis of the AD 1755 tsunami deposit: Insights into the inland extent and inundation phases

2017 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 94-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Moreira ◽  
Pedro J.M. Costa ◽  
César Andrade ◽  
Cristina Ponte Lira ◽  
Maria Conceição Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tsunami Deposit

scholarly journals Indian Ocean tsunami deposits along the West Coast of the Malay-Thai Peninsula: foraminiferal and grain size analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
Andrea D Hawkes ◽  
Micheal Bird ◽  
Susan Cowie ◽  
Benjamin Horton ◽  
Jonathan Nott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
The West

scholarly journals Morfologia e Sedimentação em Praias Oceânicas da Amazônia Oriental durante a Variação Anual de Chuvas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
LEILANHE ALMEIDA RANIERI ◽  
Maâmar El-Robrini
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Sediment Sampling ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
The Mean

Este artigo buscou analisar os efeitos dinâmicos da sazonalidade climática sobre a morfologia e sedimentação de praias oceânicas da Amazônia durante as estações chuvosa e menos chuvosa. A importância deste estudo foi demonstrar um comportamento deposicional de sedimentos nestas praias de uma estação climática à outra. A metodologia consistiu em perfilagem topográfica nas praias dos setores: oeste (Corvina e Maçarico), central (Farol Velho) e leste (Atalaia) de Salinópolis (PA), amostragem de sedimentos, análise granulométrica com aplicação de parâmetros estatísticos e medições de altura e período de ondas. O diâmetro médio dos sedimentos consistiu predominantemente de areia fina (2,6 a 2,8 phi), muito bem a bem selecionada (0,2 a 0,5). A assimetria variou, principalmente, entre positiva (0,10 a 0,30) e aproximadamente simétrica (-0,10 a 0,10). O grau de curtose entre muito platicúrtica (<0,67) a muito leptocúrtica (1,50 a 3,00). As alturas de ondas foram mais elevadas no setor leste (máximo de 1,05 m) e períodos de ondas foram mais curtos (< 4,5 s) no setor oeste. As praias apresentaram declives suaves (< 1,5°) e grandes variações na largura entre as estações do ano (9,6 a 88,4 m). Predominou o estado morfodinâmico dissipativo (Ω>5,5), mas com ocorrência do estado de banco e calha longitudinais (4,7<Ω<5,5) no setor oeste. Foi observada acreção sedimentar da estação chuvosa a menos chuvosa em todas as praias. O transporte transversal de sedimentos foi elevado, especialmente no sentido onshore (máximo: 11x10-3 kg/s/m, setor leste). No setor central foi baixo (mínimo: 0,72x10-3 kg/s/m), favorecendo tendências erosivas neste local. Morphology and Sedimentation in Ocean Beaches in the Eastern Amazon during the Annual Rain Variation A B S T R A C TThis paper aimed to analyze the dynamic effects of climatic seasonality on the morphology and sedimentation of oceanic beaches in the Amazon during the rainy and less rainy seasons. The importance of this study was to demonstrate a depositional behavior of sediments on these beaches from one climatic season to another. The methodology consisted of topographic profiling on the beaches of the sectors: west (Corvina and Maçarico), central (Farol Velho) and east (Atalaia) of Salinópolis (PA), sediment sampling, grain-size analysis with application of statistical parameters and measurements of height and wave period. The mean diameter of the sediments consisted predominantly of fine sand (2.6 to 2.8 phi), well sorted and very well sorted (0.2 to 0.5). The asymmetry varied, mainly, between positive (0.10 to 0.30) and nearly symmetrical (-0.10 to 0.10). The degree of kurtosis between very platykurtic (<0.67) to very leptokurtic (1.50 to 3.00). The wave heights were higher on the eastern sector (maximum 1.05 m) and wave periods were shorter (<4.5 s) on the western sector. The beaches presented smooth slopes (<1.5°) and great variations in width between the seasons (9.6 to 88.4 m). The dissipative morphodynamic state (Ω > 5.5) predominated, but with the occurrence of the longshore bar and trough (4.7 < Ω <5.5) in the western sector. Sedimentary accretion from the rainy to less rainy season was observed on all beaches. Cross-shore sediment transport was high, especially in the onshore (maximum: 11x10-3 kg.s-1.m-1, east sector). In the central sector it was low (minimum: 0.72x10-3 kg.s-1.m-1), favoring erosive trends in this location.Keywords: Beach, Morphodynamic, Grain-Size, Amazon.

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