scholarly journals Senyawa Saponin Hasil Isolasi dari Daun Buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Hady Wiraputra ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
Panal Sitorus

Tanaman buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.) secara tradisional telah digunakan untuk hipertensi, takikardia, anemia, sifilis, antikanker, antioksidan, sumber pewarna alami dan antidiabetes. Saponin merupakan senyawa fitokimia yang mempunyai kemampuan membentuk busa dan mengandung aglikon polisiklik yang berikatan dengan satu atau lebih gula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi senyawa saponin hasil isolasi dari daun buni dengan spektrofotometer ultraviolet dan inframerah. Simplisia daun buni dilakukan karakterisasi kemudian diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan etanol 80%. Selanjutnya ekstrak etanol dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2N kemudian difraksi dengan pelarut kloroform. Isolasi dilakukan terhadap fraksi kloroform dengan cara kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak yang sesuai. Isolat yang diperoleh diuji kemurnian dengan KLT 2 arah dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer ultraviolet dan inframerah. Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia diperoleh kadar air 7,32%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 52,70%, kadar sari larut dalam air 23,25%, kadar abu total 6,86% dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,94%. Pemisahan fraksi kloroform dengan KLT menggunakan fase gerak n-heksana-etilasetat perbandingan 5:5 diperoleh noda 13 dan hasil KLT preparatif diperoleh 2 isolat murni yaitu isolat 1 (ungu merah) dengan Rf 0,92 dan isolat 2 (biru) dengan Rf 0,78. Hasil karakterisasi isolat 1 diperoleh panjang gelombang maksimum pada 208 nm dan dijumpai adanya gugus hidroksil, gugus -CH alifatis, ikatan C=C, gugus –CH2, gugus –CH3, dan gugus C-O. Hasil karakterisasi isolat 2 diperoleh panjang gelombang maksimum pada 204 nm dan adanya gugus hidroksil, gugus -CH alifatis, gugus –CH2, gugus –CH3, dan gugus C-O. Buni (Antidesmabunius (L.) Spreng.) has been traditionally used for the treatment of hypertension, tachycardia, anemia, syphilis, and used asanti-cancer, anti-oxidant, natural dye, and anti-diabetic. Saponin is a phytochemical compound which has capability in forming foam and contains polycyclic aglycone that binds with one or more glucose. This research aimed to conduct the characterization of saponin compound from buni leaves with ultraviolet spectrophotometer and infrared. Buni leaves simplicia was characterizedand extracted using sequential maceration method with n-hexane and 80% ethanol. The ethanol extract was hydrolyzed with HCl 2N and fractionized using chloroform solvent. Isolation of chloroform fraction was done using preparative thin-layer chromatography using silent phase of silica gel GF 254 and suitable mobile phase. Isolates obtained was taken into purity test with two dimensions thin-layer chromatography and characterized using ultraviolet spectrophotometer and infrared. The characterized simplicia resulted with 7.32% of water content, 52.70% of dissolved content in ethanol, 23.25% of dissolvedcontent in water, 6.86% of total ash content, and 0.94% of undissolved ash content in acid. Fractinationof chloroform fraction with thin-layer chromatography using mobile phase ofn-hexane-ethyl acetate with 5:5 ration resulted with 13 spotsand the result of the preparative thin-layer chromatography resulted 2 pure isolates which are isolate 1 (purple-red) with Rf 0.92 and isolate 2 (blue) with Rf 0.78. The characterization of isolate 1 resulted that the maximum wave lengthwas 208 nm with hydroxyl group, –CH aliphatic group, C=C bond, –CH2 group, –CH3 group, and C–O group. The characterization of isolate 2 resulted that the maximum wave lengthwas204 nm with hydroxyl group, –CH aliphatic group, –CH2 group, –CH3 group, and C–O group.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Gebby Elisa ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
Ginda Haro

Salah satu tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam pengobatan secara tradisional adalah buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.), yang dapat mengobati darah tinggi, jantung berdebar cepat, anemia, sifilis, antikanker, antiradikal dan sebagai bahan pewarna alami. Daun buni mengandung sejumlah triterpenoid/steroid, saponin dan flavonoid. Senyawa triterpenoid/steroid menunjukkan aktivitas farmakologi berupa antibakteri, antiinflamasi, inhibisi terhadap sintesis kolesterol, antikanker, antitumor dan aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel pangkreatik.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan skrining fitokimia dan mengisolasi senyawa triterpenoid/steroid dari daun buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.). Simplisia daun buni dilakukan skrining fitokimia kemudian diekstrasi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, kemudian maserat diuapkan dengan alat penguap vakum putar. Ekstrak n-heksana yang diperoleh diisolasi dengan cara kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan KLT preparatif menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak yang sesuai. Isolat yang diperoleh diuji kemurniannya dengan KLT 2 arah dan dilanjutkan mengidentifikasi isolat dengan spektrofotometer ultraviolet dan spektrotometer inframerah. Hasil uji skrining fitokimia diperoleh senyawa glikosida, saponin, flavonoid dan triterpenoid/steroid. Hasil KLT ekstrak n-heksan dengan fase gerak n-heksana-etilasetat (70:30) diperoleh 4 noda dengan penampak noda Liebermann-Burchard, selanjutnya ekstrak n-heksan dipisahkan dengan KLT preparatif, diperoleh 1 (satu) isolat murni berwarna merah ungu (Rf 0,90). Hasil karakterisasi isolat peroleh panjang gelombang 203,2 nm dan dijumpai adanya gugus hidroksil, gugus -CH alifatis, ikatan C=C, gugus –CH2 dan gugus C-O. One of plants used for traditional medication is buni (Antidesmabunius (L.) Spreng.) which can be used for treatment of hypertension, rapid heartbeat, anemia, syphilis, and asanti-cancer, anti-radical, and can be used as natural dye. Buni leaves contain triterpenoid/steroid, saponin and flavonoid. Triterpenoid/steroid showpharmacology activities such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammatory, inhibition to cholesterol synthesis, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, and cytotoxic activity to pancreatic cells. This research objectives were to conduct phyochemical screening and to isolate the triterpenoid/steroid from buni leaves (Antidesmabunius (L.) Spreng.The phytochemical screening of Buni leaves simplicia was conducted  and thenextracted using maceration method with n-hexane  and evaporated using rotary evaporator. The n-hexane extract was subjected to isolation with thin-layer chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography using stationaryphase of silica gel GF 254 and suitable mobile phase. The isolates obtained was taken into purity test using two dimensions thin-layer chromatography and identified with ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometers. The phytochemical screening test showed the presence ofglycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids/steroids. The  thin-layer chromatography of n-hexane extractwith n-hexane-ethyl acetate as mobile phase (70:30)showed 4spotsafter sprayed with Liebermann-Burchard. The n-hexane extract was further fractionated with preparative thin-layer chromatography and 1 pure purple-red isolate (Rf 0.90) was obtained. The characterization of isolate showed that the wave length was203.2 nm  with hydroxyl group, –CH aliphatic group, C=C group, –CH2 group, and C–O group.


Author(s):  
Zahra'a S. Nassir ◽  
Enas J. Khadem

    The plant Abrus precatorius, which belong to Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family and known as Crab’s eyes, Rosary pea with characteristic red and black seeds. It was used in folk medicine in India, China and East Asian countries for treatment of various diseases.    The plant was extracted by '' general method of extraction'' (Harborne, 1973) using 80% aqueous ethanol as a solvent of extraction by soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening were performed on the crude ethanolic extract  and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids ,terpenoids and phytosterols in Iraqi Abrus precatorius plant. Three different fractions were obtained from crude extract which are fraction one (chloroform fraction), fraction two (ethyl acetate fraction), and fraction three (petroleum ether fraction) which are represent alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids respectively. The alkaloid abrine was isolated from the chloroform fraction  in pure form by using preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and then subjected to different physico-chemical and specteral analytical techniques to identify its chemical structure: melting point (M.P.), thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) and elemental microanalysis (CHNO).      


2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Purwanti ◽  
Wulan Tri Wahyuni ◽  
Irmanida Batubara

Jernang resin is secretion of jernang rattan (Daemonorops draco, Arecaceae family) fruits which is endemic in Southeast Asia. This resin has various biological activities and empirically used as wound healing, headache medicines, and fever remedies by Anak Dalam ethnic group from Jambi. This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of nonpolar fraction of D. draco resin which collected from Jambi Province, Sumatera, Indonesia. Resin was extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were then evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl-hidrazyl radical scavenging assay. The most active extract was further fractionated using n-hexane and methanol and separated using column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. Separation of the extract was conducted through antioxidant assay-guided fractionation. Characterization of the active fraction was carried out by infrared spectroscopy. The result shows that ethyl acetate extract provides higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 27.61 µg/mL) compare to methanol and n-hexane extracts. N-hexane fraction of ethyl acetate extract used for further separation using column and preparative thin layer chromatography due to its antioxidant activity. Separation using column chromatography resulting in 9 fractions (F.1-9). Fraction F.5 provide high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 17.27 µg/mL) and further separated using preparative thin layer chromatography resulting two fractions with lower antioxidant activity F.5.1 (IC50 = 85.18 µg/mL) and F.5.2 (IC50 = 34.94 µg/mL). Characterization of fraction F.5.2 using infrared spectroscopy showed that component in fraction F.5.2 contains NH-substituted benzene.


Talanta ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
I POLITZER ◽  
K CRAGO ◽  
K AMOS ◽  
K MITCHELL ◽  
T HOLLIN

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