Impresa agricola e produzione di energia

2009 ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Chemical Products

- The article 1, par. 369 of the 296/2006 act definies as agricultural industry: the production and cession of electric and caloric energy originated from forest renewable sources; the production and the commercialization of chemical products derived from agricultural produce coming from the cultivated land; and the production and the cession of electric and caloric energy originated from photovoltaic sources. Therefore, the normative reveals the multifunctionality and the pluriactivity of the factory farm: it reconducts the production of not foodstuffs goods, as the electric energy, the fuels and the chemical products, to the agricultural firm. Legislator intend to stimulate these activities also through the tax lever, providing for these activities produce agricultural income. With regard to it, the provision (of the law) causes some doubts concerning his compatibility with the constitutional dictation (artt. 3 and 53 Const.), in our opinion, in particulary with reference to the activity of photovoltaic energy production and cession. Key words: factory farm, photovoltaic energy, multifunctionality, pluriactivity.

scholarly journals The Combination of Building Greenery and Photovoltaic Energy Production—A Discussion of Challenges and Opportunities in Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Irene Zluwa ◽  
Ulrike Pitha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Building Surfaces

In the case of building surfaces, the installation of green roofs or green facades can be used to reduce the temperature of the environment and the building. In addition, introducing photovoltaic energy production will help to reduce CO2 emissions. Both approaches (building greenery and photovoltaic energy production) compete, as both of them are located on the exterior of buildings. This paper aims to give an overview of solutions for the combination of building greenery (BG) systems and photovoltaic (PV) panels. Planning principles for different applications are outlined in a guideline for planning a sustainable surface on contemporary buildings. A comprehensive literature review was done. Identified solutions of combinations were systematically analysed and discussed in comparison with additional relevant literature. The main findings of this paper were: (A) BG and PV systems with low sub-construction heights require shallow substrates/low growing plants, whereas in the case of the combination of (a semi)-intensive GR system, a distance of a minimum 60 cm between the substrate surface and lower panel edge is recommended; (B) The cooling effect of the greenery depends on the distance between the PV and the air velocity; (C) if the substrate is dry, there is no evapotranspiration and therefore no cooling effect; (D) A spectrum of different PV systems, sub-constructions, and plants for the combination of BG and PV is necessary and suitable for different applications shown within the publication.

PREDICTION OF DAILY PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY PRODUCTION USING WEATHER DATA AND REGRESSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Sarper ◽  
Igor Melnykov ◽  
Lee Anne Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Good Prediction Accuracy

Abstract This paper presents linear regression models to predict the daily energy production of three photovoltaic (PV) systems located in southeast Virginia. The prediction is based on daylight duration, sky index, the average relative humidity, and the presence of fog or mist. No other daily weather report components were statistically significant. The proposed method is easy to implement, and it can be used in conjunction with other advanced methods in estimating any given future day’s energy production if weather prediction is available. Data from 2013-2015 was used in the model construction. Model validation was performed using newer (2016, 2017, 2020, and 2021) data not used in the model construction. Results show good prediction accuracy for a simple methodology, free of system parameters, that can be utilized by ordinary photovoltaic energy users. The entire data set can be downloaded using the link provided.

Superhydrophobic Coatings Based on Pseudoboehmite Nanoflakelets for Sustainable Photovoltaic Energy Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 9899-9911
Author(s):  
Shalini Halan Joghee ◽  
Kamachi Mudali Uthandi ◽  
Nimmi Singh ◽  
Sanjeev Katti ◽  
Peeyush Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Superhydrophobic Coatings

scholarly journals Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in Historical Buildings: Opportunities and Constraints

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3628
Author(s):  
Flavio Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Italian Legislation

In this work, we investigate the potential of using last generation photovoltaic systems in traditional building components of historical buildings. The multifunctional photovoltaic components also open new application and implementation horizons in the field of energy retrofitting in historical buildings. Some of the Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) solutions lend themselves optimally to solving the problems of energy efficiency in historical buildings. For the next few years, Italian legislation foresees increasing percentages of energy production from renewable sources, including historical buildings. The opportunities and constraints analysed are presented through a specific approach, typical of building processes for innovative technological BIPV solutions on historical buildings.

scholarly journals Adoption of Photovoltaic Systems Along a Sure Path: A Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) Study Applied to the Analysis of GHG Emission Impacts

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Constantino ◽  
Marcos Freitas ◽  
Neilton Fidelis ◽  
Marcio Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
High Share

The expansion of photovoltaic solar energy in the world is significant. However, its contribution to decreases in greenhouse gases (GHG) is not an absolute guarantee. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate its benefits in advance, considering the structure of the electric energy supply matrix of the country producing the photovoltaic solar system, as well as the country where the technology will be implemented. This study evaluates the adoption of renewable sources for electric power generation in a country with a high share of renewable energy. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) of a set of multi-Si photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in the Brazilian northeast (NE), was carried out. The actual generation data of 10 plants totaling 1.1 MWp installed capacity were evaluated during two years of operation. Energy payback time (EPBT), greenhouse gas emission rate (GHGe-rate), and emission payback time were calculated. The great influence of the electric matrix characteristics of the country manufacturing PV systems was evidenced in the results. The interconnected Brazilian electrical system had a 2020 projected GHGe-rate of 63.9 g CO2/kWh, while the results of 70% of the photovoltaic solar power plants (PSPS) assessed herein exhibit higher GHGe-rates. Thus, in countries where the electric matrix comprises a high share of renewable sources, such as Brazil, the incentive to use PV systems manufactured in nations whose electric matrix registers high emission factors should be well evaluated in terms of the impacts of GHG concentrations and the promotion of sustainable development, in order to avoid indirect import of significant amounts of carbon embedded in the systems.

scholarly journals Analysis of possibilities to improve quality of spatial wind speed forecasts for efficient forecasting of electric energy production in onshore wind farms in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Paweł Piotrowski ◽  
Dariusz Baczyński ◽  
Marcin Kopyt ◽  
Karolina Szafranek
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Bilinear Method ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Forecasting Methods

The most important factor responsible for the quality of energy production forecasts in wind farms is the accurate wind speed forecast. An extensive statistical analysis of meteorological data (NWP) from 16 base nodes of the "300" grid in the "Łódź" area was made. The intention of the statistical analysis was to select potential explanatory variables for models predicting wind speed in the remaining 206 nodes of the grid’s mesh. Next, tests of selected prognostic methods were performed in order to compare their effectiveness with bilinear method which is not computationally complex. It should be emphasized that the main problem in spatial wind speed forecasting is the very large number of nodes for which the forecasts are calculated. As a consequence, more advanced and computationally complex forecasting methods cannot be applied in practice due to too long calculations time and difficulties in huge amounts of data processing. Conclusions with proposals of preferred forecasting methods that could be used in practice were developed.

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