scholarly journals Vegetationsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen an cromer-zeitlichen Ablagerungen im nördlichen Randgebiet der deutschen Mittelgebirge.

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-235
Author(s):  
Eberhard Grüger
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Local Influence ◽  
Azolla Filiculoides ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Rock Fragments

Abstract. The biostratigraphic classification of the Pleistocene in northwestern and central Europe is still unsufficiently known, in spite of numerous geological and vegetation-history investigations. The question is not even clear, for example, how often a warm-period vegetation with thermophilous trees such as Quercus, Ulmus, Tilia, Carpinus etc. could develop here. In past years, on the basis of several geological and vegetation-history findings, suspicion has often been expressed that some of the classical stages of the Pleistocene could include more warm periods than heretofore assumed, and as a result of recent investigations the period between the Waal and Holstein interglacials seems to include at least two warm periods, of which the Cromer is one. This paper contributes to this problem. The interglacial sediments coming from the Elm-Mountains near Brunswick and from the Osterholz near Elze — both within the limits of the German Mittelgebirge — were investigated by pollen analysis. In both cases a Pinus-Betula zone and a QM zone were found. The vegetation development of the Pinus-Betula zone is characterized in both sequences by the early appearence of Picea. Because of strong local influence at the Osterholz a detailed correlation is difficult. However, vegetation development at the time of the QM zone at both sites was similar; it is especially characterized by the facts that Ulmus clearly migrated to the site earlier than Quercus and was very abundant throughout this time. Furthermore, both diagrams show very low amounts of Corylus. The interglacial from the Osterholz shows in addition to the above, a Carpinus-QM-Picea-zone in which Eucommia reaches a relative high value and in the upper part of which Azolla filiculoides was also found. The similarity of vegetation development justifies acceptance of the same age for the occurences. A comparison of the vegetation development at the Elm and the Osterholz with those of the Eem, Holstein, Waal, and Tegelen warm periods as well as with all the Cromer sites so far investigated shows that only a correlation with the Cromer Complex is possible. This correlation is supported by the geologic relations in the Osterholz (the deposit is overlain by Elster till). Therefore the till-like material with Scandinavien rock fragments underlying the deposit at Elm is of particular interest. The "Rhume" interglacial beds at Bilshausen, only 60 km south of Osterholz, is also assigned to the Cromer complex, but the two deposits cannot be of the same age because the vegetation development differs. Therefore the Cromer complex must include at least two warm periods. Further conclusions about the relative stratigrapnic position of these two occurences and correlations of other Cromer sites are at this time not possible, however.

Evaluation of the regional vegetation and climate in the Eastern Alps (Austria) during MIS 3–4 based on pollen analysis of the classical Baumkirchen paleolake sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Jonathan Barrett ◽  
Ruth Drescher-Schneider ◽  
Reinhard Starnberger ◽  
Christoph Spötl
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Quaternary Stratigraphy ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe pre-last glacial maximum paleolake sediments at Baumkirchen, western Austria, are well known in Alpine Quaternary stratigraphy as being the type locality of the Middle to Upper Würmian transition. Their location provides a rare opportunity to investigate the vegetation history of the interior of the Alps during the last glacial cycle. A recent renewed research effort involving new drilling revealed a 250-m-thick lacustrine sequence with an older, ca. Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 phase and a younger, mid- to late MIS 3 phase. Pollen analysis reveals generally poor preservation and very low pollen concentration due to very high sedimentation rates. On the basis of pollen percentages and influx rates, six pollen zones (PZ) were assigned. PZ1 and 2 correspond to the entire ca. MIS 4 section and are characterized by only scattered vegetation representing an extremely cold and dry climate. Two stadials and two interstadials were identified in the MIS 3 section. The interstadials are characterized by well-developed open vegetation with some stands of trees, with the upper PZ6 being better developed but still forest-free. On the basis of previous radiocarbon dating, this zone (PZ6) is correlated to Greenland Interstadial (GI) 7 and the lower interstadial (PZ4) tentatively to GI 8.

scholarly journals Thirty thousand years of vegetation development and climate change in Angola (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1078)

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Dupont ◽  
H. Behling ◽  
J.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
First Record ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Miombo Woodlands ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Abstract. ODP Site 1078 situated under the coast of Angola provides the first record of the vegetation history for Angola. The upper 11 m of the core covers the past 30 thousand years, which has been analysed palynologically in decadal to centennial resolution. Alkenone sea surface temperature estimates were analysed in centennial resolution. We studied sea surface temperatures and vegetation development during full glacial, deglacial, and interglacial conditions. During the glacial the vegetation in Angola was very open consisting of grass and heath lands, deserts and semi-deserts, which suggests a cool and dry climate. A change to warmer and more humid conditions is indicated by forest expansion starting in step with the earliest temperature rise in Antarctica, 22 thousand years ago. We infer that around the period of Heinrich Event 1, a northward excursion of the Angola Benguela Front and the Congo Air Boundary resulted in cool sea surface temperatures but rain forest remained present in the northern lowlands of Angola. Rain forest and dry forest area increase 15 thousand years ago. During the Holocene, dry forests and Miombo woodlands expanded. Also in Angola globally recognised climate changes at 8 thousand and 4 thousand years ago had an impact on the vegetation. During the past 2 thousand years, savannah vegetation became dominant.

Transformation of the Central and East European Passenger Car Industry: Selective Peripheral Integration through Foreign Direct Investment

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1685-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Pavlínek
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
East European

The Central and East European (CEE) passenger car industry underwent major transformations through foreign direct investment (FDI) in the 1990s. The author demonstrates that the effects of FDI on the passenger car industry have been profound, but geographically uneven. To understand the different regional and local strategies of foreign car producers better, the author introduces a classification of FDI in the passenger car industry based on the degree of embeddedness in local economies and relationships to path dependency in the 1990s. The effects of FDI on selective peripheral integration of parts of CEE into the European car production system, as well as the role of Central Europe in the division of labour in the European passenger car industry, are also considered.

Pollen Analysis and Its Bearing upon American Prehistory: A Critique

1939 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren C. Eiseley
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Marsh Vegetation

Extending over a wide area in northern and central Europe great beds of peat cover stretches of moor and occupy valleys and depressions where sluggish drainage has favored the growth of marsh vegetation. More than any other soil type they are entirely dependent in substance on the vegetation which they support. Thus they are peculiarly reflective of changes of a climatic nature, and this, combined with the preservative effects of bog acid, both upon pollens and artifacts, has made them a peculiarly effective medium for investigation. While most thoroughly studied in Europe, peats occur in both the northern and southern hemisphere wherever conditions permit. Typically and most extensively however, they are a circumpolar phenomenon closely attendant upon glaciation.

Do the relationships between testate amoebae and fungi reflect the variability of past water table fluctuations in the ombrotrophic peatlands of Central Europe?

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186-1195
Author(s):  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Grażyna Miotk-Szpiganowicz ◽  
Milena Obremska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Climate Events

In this article, we examined the indicative value of a relationship between two non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), fungal HdV-10, related to the presence of Calluna vulgaris, and HdV-31A, which is testate amoeba – Archerella flavum. Both are frequently present on slides designated for pollen analysis, prepared from Sphagnum peat. We analysed three profiles from three extensive ombrotrophic peatlands in northern Poland, in which the content of testate amoebae (TA) was examined and TA-inferred depth to the water table (DWT) was reconstructed. The new analysis of palynological samples regarding NPPs revealed that strong increases in HdV-10 content were mostly simultaneous to HdV-31A declines. However, the relations between both types were not statistically significant. The rapid increases in HdV-10, despite the fact that this type of conidiospores is related to drier habitats on peatlands, were tentatively interpreted as an indicator of rapid rises in the water table level which, in consequence, might have stimulated the production of these spores by fungi. In addition, a negative correlation between HdV-31A and Arcella discoides and positive one, but weaker, in case of HdV-10 (attributed by some authors to species Trichocladium opacum (Corda) S Hughes) and A. discoides show a link between mutual fluctuations of both NPPs and hydrological instabilities on peatland. The Bagno Kusowo bog, the westernmost peatland subjected to the study, displayed an intriguing agreement between the presence of peat sections with strong increases in HdV-10 and cold climate events affecting Europe. Our study reveals that counting even a limited number of NPP types during the standard pollen analysis of Sphagnum peat may support the interpretation of results, especially, in cases when the investigation lacks testate amoeba analysis. When the reconstruction of TA-inferred DWT is provided, it may introduce additional information about the patterns of hydrological dynamics.

Vegetation history in the Eastern Romanian Carpathians: pollen analysis of two sequences from the Moho? crater

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Tantau ◽  
Maurice Reille ◽  
Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu ◽  
Sorina Farcas ◽  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Romanian Carpathians

The Development of Humus-Iron Podsol Profiles, Linked by Radiocarbon Dating and Pollen Analysis to Vegetation History

Oikos ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Cruickshank ◽  
Margaret M. Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Vegetation History

Vegetation history of Western Russia (Upper Dnieper, Smolensk region): Climate and human impact on landscape in last two millennia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Lavrenov ◽  
Ekaterina Ershova ◽  
Margarita Zhuravkova ◽  
Nikolay Krenke
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
History Of Vegetation ◽  
Modern Analogue ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Forest

<p>Climate and vegetation history of Upper Dnieper region (Western Russia) is investigated poorly while archaeological studies provide evidences of human activities during last 3 millennia. Our study presents vegetation reconstruction based on pollen analysis of sediments extracted from two sites in Smolensk region. The first site is located in Katynka river bassin and pollen analysis of extracted buried soil, alluvium and peat sediments demonstrates vegetation dynamics in archaeologically rich area over 5 millennia. The second site is located in 50 km from to the west from Smolensk and in 15 km to east from the Russian-Belarus state border. The analysis of extracted peat sediments presents regional history of vegetation. The aim of our study is to compare data obtained from both sites and to estimate climate and human influence on vegetation during last two millennia when activities associated with agriculture changed Dnieper valley landscape significantly.</p><p>The first results of pollen analysis data of the first site allow to register significant human impact on vegetation 2.0-0.8 ka BP. Before that period pollen of indigenous forest trees dominates in spectra while since 2.0 ka BP pollen compassion changes dramatically and pollen of <em>Betula</em> and <em>Pinus</em> is in majority in so-called “Gnezdovo soil” lay. Medieval lays of sapropel contains mostly pollen of <em>Pinus</em> with admixture of <em>Betula</em> and <em>Alnus</em>. Taxonomic diversity and presence of meadow herbs, weeds and cultivated taxa pollen increases significantly (up to 30%). Dynamics of pollen composition in specimens from the second site allows us to register slow processes of indigenous vegetation recovery over last 3 centuries approximately. Modern analogue technique applied on pollen data and analysis of historical data makes possible to separate impacts of climate and human on vegetation of the past and to reconstruct the climate of last two millennia.</p><p>The study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-34-90172.</p><p><br><br></p>

Holocene to Middle Last Glaciation vegetation history at Tullabardine Dam, western Tasmania

1986 ◽  
Vol 229 (1255) ◽  
pp. 177-207 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Pollen Assemblage ◽  
Temperate Rainforest ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Peat Swamp

Pollen analysis of 4 m of peat, swamp-soil and lake sediments dated from 0 to > 43800 years b.p. indicates the occurrence of three major pollen assemblage zones. During Zone 1 (11000-0 years b.p.) the area had temperate rainforest and the climate was warm, moist and interglacial. During Zone 2 ( ?25000-l 1000 years b.p.), correlated approximately with the last period of glaciation, the vegetation was mainly grassland and the climate was considerably colder than present. In late glacial times (14000-11000 years b.p.) pollen of shrub and tree taxa increased, especially during the later part of the period as the climate became warmer and moister. During Zone 3 (more than 4 3 0 0 0 -?25000 years b.p.) the vegetation was predominantly sub-alpine and alpine. This vegetation represents an interstadial assemblage for a lowland site. The climate was cool and moist. The results are compared with sites of similar age in Tasmania, and with sites from temperate forest environments in Chile and New Zealand.

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