scholarly journals Investigation of the Influence of Gamma Radiation on Structural Transformations in Portlandcement Stone

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
D. Anopko ◽  
O. Honchar ◽  
M. Kochevykh ◽  
L. Kushnierova
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiation Equipment ◽  
High Level

The radiation resistance of concrete under the influence of large doses of gamma radiation was investigated. To study the behavior of concrete under the influence of gamma radiation, two series of samples were taken: оne was the reference sample, and the other was exposed to gamma radiation. The temperature of the irradiated samples during testing did not exceed 40 °C, the reference temperature was also accepted to be 40 °C. The dose of gamma radiation was 109 rad. Its value corresponds to the dose that concrete can receive when it comes into contact with high-level radioactive waste from the Shelter over 300 years. Characteristics of an industrial gamma radiation equipment are: radiation energy is 1.25 MeV and dose rate is 2 Mrad/h. The use of such equipment allows reaching a dose of 109 rad in less than a month, and 108 rad - in 4-5 days. Concretes that were 28 days old and stored under normal conditions were exposed to gamma radiation.

The Relative Radiation Resistance of Zirconolite, Pyrochlore, and Perovskite to 1.5 MeV Kr+ Ions

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Smith ◽  
Nestor J. Zaluzec ◽  
Gregory R. Lumpkin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
High Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTZirconolite (CaZrTi2O7), pyrochlore (vIIIA2VIB2IVx6y) and perovskite (CaTiO3) are candidate phases for the immobilisation of rare earth elements (REEs) and actinides (ACTs) in various high level radioactive waste (HLW) forms [1]. The effect of radiation damage on the structure and consequently on the durability of these phases is important to predictive modelling of their behaviour in the repository environment and risk assessment

Leach Rates of High Level Waste and Spent Fuel. - Limiting Rates as Determined By Backfill and Bedrock Conditions.

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivars Neretnieks
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Porosity

The release rate of radionuclides from a degraded canister containing radioactive waste is controlled by diffusion through the backfill and by diffusion into the water flowing past the canister. In low porosity low permeability bedrock like the Swedish granites the amount of water which can be contaminated may be very small. Two sample cases are calculated. One uses the conditions for a repository for vitrified high level waste, the other applies to a repository for spent fuel. The small amount of water which can carry the waste in combination with the low solubilities for the major longlived actinides limit the release rate from the repositories to very small values.

Coupled Thermo-Hydraulic Behavior Around Access Shaft Sealed with Backfill Material

1990 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Okamoto ◽  
K. Ishihara ◽  
Y. Sawauchi ◽  
K. Hara ◽  
N. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Backfill Material ◽  
Vertical Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Current Design ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTGroundwater flow from the repository to the surface through the sealed access shaft may be induced by the heat generated from high-level radioactive waste(HLW). It is important to estimate the effect of this heat generation on groundwater flow.This paper presents an evaluation of groundwater flow in the vicinity of an access shaft filled with a backfill material. The evaluation uses a coupled thermo-hydraulic model. According to the current design, the backfill material within the shaft will be tamped 5 to 15 times every 20 cm depth using a 60 kg vibrating compactor. The properties of the backfill material were determined from experimental results for this construction method.A transient coupled thermo-hydraulic analysis was carried out using an axisymmetric FEM model. Two kinds of repository models were considered, one was a single layered repository located at 1000 m depth, and the other was a two layered repository located at 800 m and 1000 m depths. The access shaft of each model was located at the center of the repository.The results show that the vertical hydraulic gradient of groundwater flow along the sealed shaft will be approximately 0.001 at a time 1000 years after closure of the repository.

scholarly journals The remote-controlled spectrometric system for searching and characterization of high-level radioactive waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Alexey Danilovich ◽  
Victor Potapov ◽  
Sergey Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Equivalent Dose Rate ◽  
Control Computer ◽  
Rate Calculation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Spectrometric System

In 2003, the work on environmental rehabilitation of the former coastal technical base of the Russian Navy in Gremikha town, with technical and financial support of the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom” and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission had begun. In 2017, the task of searching, characterization and packaging in transport containers for export to the long-term storage of high-level waste containing 152Eu was set as part of this program. These wastes were presented as fragments of reactor control and safety system rods of first generation nuclear submarine reactors and were placed in temporary storage containers mixed with other radioactive waste and construction garbage on the territory of the Gremikha branch of the North-West Center “SevRAO”. To accomplish the task, the spectrometric system “Gamma-Pioneer” was developed and made at National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”. The system consist of a collimated spectrometric gamma-ray CdZnTe detector 500 mm3 volume, a dosimeter for continuous measurement of ambient equivalent dose rate at the instrument location and a color video camera with zoom lens. The device is placed in a protective frame and installed as an attachment implements on robot Brokk-90. Communication between the measuring system and the control computer is carried out using USB extender and 100 meters cable. The video camera is connected to the control computer via Ethernet. To search for the most active sources of gamma radiation, an equivalent dose rate calculation program using the results of measured instrumental spectra was developed. The characterization of the extracted fragments was carried out by activity evaluation of the main radionuclides polluting the samples under investigation. The paper describes design and operating principles of the system, as well as methods for the equivalent dose rate calculation and the activity evaluation of the fragments of reactor control and safety system rods based on spectral measurements obtained using the developed radiometric system

Ethics in the Judiciary System of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Mehedi Imam
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Ethical Knowledge ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Role Players ◽  
High Level

In Bangladesh, demand for judicial independence in practice has been a much debated issue and the demand is fulfilled but expectation of people is not only limited to have an independent judiciary but to have an impartial system and cadre of people, which will administer justice rationally being free from fear or force. The independence of judiciary and the impartial judicial practice are related concepts, one cannot sustain without the other and here existence as well as the need of practicing impartiality is well recognized. But the art of practicing impartiality does not develop overnight as it’s related to development of one’s attitude. It takes a considerable time resulting from understanding, appreciating and acknowledging the moral values, ethics and professional responsibility. The judiciary includes Judges, Advocates mostly who are expected to demonstrate a high level of moral values and impartiality towards people seeking justice and ‘rule of law’. This is true that bench officers and clerks are also part of the process to ensure rule of law with same level of participation by the law enforcing agencies such as police. However the paper includes only those who either join judiciary as Judge/Magistrate or Advocate to explore level and extent of ethical knowledge they receive being key role players of the system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i2.9628 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(2): 34-36

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