The potential impact of increased treatment rates for alcohol dependence in the United Kingdom in 2004

Alcohol consumption has been linked to a considerable burden of disease in the United Kingdom (UK), with most of this burden due to heavy drinking and Alcohol Dependence (AD). However, AD is undertreated in the UK, with only 8% of those individuals with AD being treated in England and only 6% of those individuals with AD being treated in Scotland. Thus, the objective of this paper is to quantify the deaths that would have been avoided in the UK in 2004 if the treatment rate for AD had been increased. Methods Data on the prevalence of AD, alcohol consumption, and mortality were obtained from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, and the 2004 Global Burden of Disease study respectively. Data on the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment and Motivational Interviewing/Cognitive Behavioural Therapy were obtained from Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses. Simulations were used to model the number of deaths under different treatment scenarios. Sensitivity analyses were performed to model the effects of Brief Interventions and to examine the effect of using AD prevalence data obtained from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Results In the UK, 320 female and 1,385 male deaths would have been avoided if treatment coverage of pharmacological treatment had been increased to 20%. This decrease in the number of deaths represents 7.9% of all alcohol-attributable deaths (7.0% of all alcohol-attributable deaths for women and 8.1% of all alcohol-attributable deaths for men). If we used lower AD prevalence rates obtained from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, then treatment coverage of pharmacological treatment in hospitals for 20% of the population with AD would have resulted in the avoidance of 529 deaths in 2004 (99 deaths avoided for women and 430 deaths avoided for men). Conclusions Increasing AD treatment in the UK would have led to a large number of deaths being avoided in 2004. Increased AD treatment rates not only impact mortality but also impact upon the large burden of disability and morbidity attributable to AD, as well as the associated social and economic burdens.

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The NICE Guidelines and Pediatric Sedation in the United Kingdom

The Pediatric Procedural Sedation Handbook ◽

10.1093/med/9780190659110.003.0048 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 306-312

Author(s):

Michael Sury ◽

Sarah Greenaway

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

National Health Service ◽

Clinical Excellence ◽

Nice Guidelines ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Government Organization ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Pediatric Sedation ◽

Consensus View ◽

The Uk

Pediatric procedural sedation is required for children across the globe in a wide variety of circumstances. In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) is a government organization whose purpose is to provide guidelines to help ensure that patients receive effective, good-value healthcare across the whole of the National Health Service. In 2010 NICE published a guideline for the use of pediatric sedation. The overarching aims were to review the safety and efficacy of sedation for common procedures and to form a consensus view on the necessary resources to do this safely. This chapter summarizes the key recommendations and describes how pediatric sedation has since evolved in the UK.

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Alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, and related mortality in Italy in 2004: effects of treatment-based interventions on alcohol dependence

10.32920/14669115 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin D. Shield ◽

Jürgen Rehm ◽

Gerrit Gmel ◽

Maximilien X. Rehm ◽

Allaman Allamani

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

International Study ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

The European Union ◽

Treatment Coverage ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

Background The tradition of consuming alcohol has long been a part of Italian culture and is responsible for a large health burden. This burden may be reduced with effective interventions, one of the more important of which is treatment for Alcohol Dependence (AD). The aim of this article is to estimate the burden of disease in Italy attributable to alcohol consumption, heavy alcohol consumption, and AD. An additional aim of this paper is to examine the effects of increasing the coverage of treatment for AD on the alcohol-attributable burden of disease. Methods Alcohol-attributable deaths and the effects of treatments for AD were estimated using alcohol-attributable fractions and simulations. Deaths, potential years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability adjusted life years lost were obtained for 2004 for Italy and for the European Union from the Global Burden of Disease study. Alcohol consumption data were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. The prevalences of current drinkers, former drinkers, and lifetime abstainers were obtained from the GENder Alcohol and Culture International Study. The prevalence of AD was obtained from the World Mental Health Survey. Alcohol relative risks were obtained from various meta-analyses. Results 5,320 deaths (1,530 female deaths; 3,790 male deaths) or 5.9% of all deaths (4.9% of all female deaths; 6.3% of all male deaths) of people 15 to 64 years of age were estimated to be alcohol-attributable. Of these deaths, 74.5% (61.3% for females; 79.8% for males) were attributable to heavy drinking, and 26.9% (25.6% for females; 27.5% for males) were attributable to AD. Increasing pharmacological AD treatment coverage to 40% would result in an estimated reduction of 3.3% (50 deaths/year) of all female and 7.6% (287 deaths/year) of all male alcohol-attributable deaths. Conclusions Alcohol was responsible for a large proportion of the burden of disease in Italy in 2004. Increasing treatment coverage for AD in Italy could reduce that country’s alcohol-attributable burden of disease.

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Alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, and related mortality in Italy in 2004: effects of treatment-based interventions on alcohol dependence

10.32920/14669115.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin D. Shield ◽

Jürgen Rehm ◽

Gerrit Gmel ◽

Maximilien X. Rehm ◽

Allaman Allamani

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

International Study ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

The European Union ◽

Treatment Coverage ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

Background The tradition of consuming alcohol has long been a part of Italian culture and is responsible for a large health burden. This burden may be reduced with effective interventions, one of the more important of which is treatment for Alcohol Dependence (AD). The aim of this article is to estimate the burden of disease in Italy attributable to alcohol consumption, heavy alcohol consumption, and AD. An additional aim of this paper is to examine the effects of increasing the coverage of treatment for AD on the alcohol-attributable burden of disease. Methods Alcohol-attributable deaths and the effects of treatments for AD were estimated using alcohol-attributable fractions and simulations. Deaths, potential years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability adjusted life years lost were obtained for 2004 for Italy and for the European Union from the Global Burden of Disease study. Alcohol consumption data were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. The prevalences of current drinkers, former drinkers, and lifetime abstainers were obtained from the GENder Alcohol and Culture International Study. The prevalence of AD was obtained from the World Mental Health Survey. Alcohol relative risks were obtained from various meta-analyses. Results 5,320 deaths (1,530 female deaths; 3,790 male deaths) or 5.9% of all deaths (4.9% of all female deaths; 6.3% of all male deaths) of people 15 to 64 years of age were estimated to be alcohol-attributable. Of these deaths, 74.5% (61.3% for females; 79.8% for males) were attributable to heavy drinking, and 26.9% (25.6% for females; 27.5% for males) were attributable to AD. Increasing pharmacological AD treatment coverage to 40% would result in an estimated reduction of 3.3% (50 deaths/year) of all female and 7.6% (287 deaths/year) of all male alcohol-attributable deaths. Conclusions Alcohol was responsible for a large proportion of the burden of disease in Italy in 2004. Increasing treatment coverage for AD in Italy could reduce that country’s alcohol-attributable burden of disease.

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Health and socio-economic inequalities by sexual orientation among older women in the United Kingdom: findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x20000367 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Laia Bécares

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Older Women ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Population Level ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk

Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual and queer (LGBQ) women living in the United Kingdom (UK) experience worse health than their heterosexual peers throughout their lives, but less is known about health inequalities in older age. This study uses population-level data to examine inequalities among LGBQ older women and women who prefer not to disclose their sexuality, compared to heterosexual women. Analyses use data from women aged 50 and older who were active in Waves 3 and 7 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (also known as Understanding Society) (N = 8,209) to examine inequalities in socio-economic conditions, health and alcohol consumption across sexual orientation groups. LGBQ older women are on average younger and have higher socio-economic resources than their heterosexual peers. In contrast, women who prefer not to disclose their sexual orientation are older and have the lowest income and educational qualifications. Results of the health inequalities analyses show that LGBQ older women are almost twice as likely as heterosexual older women to engage in harmful alcohol consumption. Older women who prefer not to disclose their sexuality have worse physical and mental health than heterosexual older women. The health of LGBQ older women and women who prefer not to disclose their sexual orientation is one of the most neglected research areas in UK gerontology. Findings of this study contribute to our understanding of their social and health circumstances, and illuminate methodological limitations in existing data.

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The UK and EuropeSome Comparative Observations on Alcohol Consumption, Alcohol-Related Problems and Alcohol Control Policies in the United Kingdom and Other Countries of Europe

Alcohol and Alcoholism ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a044191 ◽

1979 ◽

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Control Policies ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Alcohol Control ◽

The Uk ◽

Alcohol Related Problems

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Estimate of deaths attributable to passive smoking among UK adults: database analysis

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.38370.496632.8f ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 330 (7495) ◽

pp. 812 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Konrad Jamrozik

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

General Population ◽

Passive Smoking ◽

Hospitality Industry ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Database Analysis ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Working Day ◽

The Uk ◽

At Home

AbstractObjective To estimate deaths from passive smoking in employees of the hospitality industry as well as in the general workforce and general population of the United Kingdom.Design Calculation, using the formula for population attributable proportion, of deaths likely to have been caused by passive smoking at home and at work in the UK according to occupation. Sensitivity analyses to examine impact of varying assumptions regarding prevalence and risks of exposure.Setting National UK databases of causes of death, employment, structure of households, and prevalences of active and passive smoking.Main outcome measures Estimates of deaths due to passive smoking according to age group (< 65 or ≥ 65) and site of exposure (domestic or workplace).Results Across the United Kingdom as a whole, passive smoking at work is likely to be responsible for the deaths of more than two employed people per working day (617 deaths per year), including 54 deaths in the hospitality industry each year. Each year passive smoking at home might account for another 2700 deaths in persons aged 20-64 years and 8000 deaths among people aged ≥ 65.Conclusion Exposure at work might contribute up to one fifth of all deaths from passive smoking in the general population aged 20-64 years, and up to half of such deaths among employees of the hospitality industry. Adoption of smoke free policies in all workplaces and reductions in the general prevalence of active smoking would lead to substantial reductions in these avoidable deaths.

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TBE in United Kingdom

Tick-borne encephalitis - The Book ◽

10.33442/26613980_12b35-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Clinical Disease ◽

England And Wales ◽

Probable Case ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

South West ◽

Louping Ill ◽

The Uk ◽

North And South ◽

South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

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Risk Transferin Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative Procurement Documents:The Differencebetween The United Kingdom and Malaysia

Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research ◽

10.24191/jeeir.v4i4.9101 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Nooriha Abdullah ◽

Darinka Asenova ◽

Stephen J. Bailey

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Public Procurement ◽

Research Question ◽

Public Private Partnership ◽

Private Finance Initiative ◽

Private Partnership ◽

Risk Transfer ◽

Private Finance ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk

The aim of this paper is to analyse the risk transfer issue in Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative (PPP/PFI) procurement documents in the United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. It utilises qualitative research methods using documentation and interviews for data collection. The UK documents (guidelines and contracts) identify the risks related to this form of public procurement of services and makeexplicittheappropriateallocation of those risks between the public and the private sector PPP/PFI partners and so the types of risks each party should bear. However, in Malaysia, such allocation of risks was not mentioned in PPP/PFI guidelines. Hence, a question arises regarding whether risk transfer exists in Malaysian PPP/PFI projects, whether in contracts or by other means. This research question is the rationale for the comparative analysis ofdocumentsand practicesrelatingtorisk transfer in the PPP/PFI procurements in both countries. The results clarify risk-related issues that arise in implementing PPP/PFI procurement in Malaysia, in particular how risk is conceptualised, recognised and allocated (whether explicitly or implicitly), whether or not that allocation is intended to achieve optimum risk transfer, and so the implications forachievement ofvalue for moneyor other such objectivesinPPP/PFI.

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HIV and other STIs in the United Kingdom: further increases

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.07.48.02333-en ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 7 (48) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Health Protection Agency ◽

Protection Agency ◽

England And Wales ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk ◽

Living With Hiv

The Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre for England and Wales and others have reported that the number of people living with HIV in the UK has increased

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