scholarly journals From EOQ to JIT with Storage Consideration: Coordinating a Two Level Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohan Jeju John
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Penalty Costs ◽  
Equal Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Many organizations are faced with a decision to choose between two inventory systems namely JIT (Just in Time) and EOQ (Economic Order Quantity). This thesis models the cost drivers into the EOQ model and extends it to the JIT scenario. They include cost savings like space, synergy of coordination, and other cost factors like rework and penalty costs. It looks at the total cost of the supply chain with two players and calculates space in terms of storage spaces of equal capacity. Results showed that considering space in EOQ brought savings to the chain. It has brought down the order quantity closer to, and many times equal to JIT ordering quantities. Coordination in the chain has brought further savings. Moving to JIT (ordering daily supply of demand) from the point, where space is accounted and there is coordination between the two levels, did not require much reduction in ordering costs.

scholarly journals From EOQ to JIT with Storage Consideration: Coordinating a Two Level Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohan Jeju John
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Penalty Costs ◽  
Equal Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Many organizations are faced with a decision to choose between two inventory systems namely JIT (Just in Time) and EOQ (Economic Order Quantity). This thesis models the cost drivers into the EOQ model and extends it to the JIT scenario. They include cost savings like space, synergy of coordination, and other cost factors like rework and penalty costs. It looks at the total cost of the supply chain with two players and calculates space in terms of storage spaces of equal capacity. Results showed that considering space in EOQ brought savings to the chain. It has brought down the order quantity closer to, and many times equal to JIT ordering quantities. Coordination in the chain has brought further savings. Moving to JIT (ordering daily supply of demand) from the point, where space is accounted and there is coordination between the two levels, did not require much reduction in ordering costs.

scholarly journals Ordering Policies of a Deteriorating Item in an EOQ Model under Upstream Partial Order-Quantity-Dependent Trade Credit and Downstream Full Trade Credit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zohreh Molamohamadi ◽  
Abolfazl Mirzazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Credit Period ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Partial Trade Credit ◽  
Replenishment Policy ◽  
Full Trade Credit ◽  
Credit Contract

In the classical inventory systems, the retailer had to settle the accounts of the purchased items at the time they were received. But in practice, the supplier applies some strategic tools, such as trade credit contract, to enhance his sales channel and offers delay period to his customers to settle the account. Any member of the supply chain may offer full or partial trade credit contract to his downstream level. Full trade credit is the case that the latter is allowed to defer the whole payment to the end of the credit period. In partial trade credit, however, the downstream supply chain member must pay for a proportion of the purchased goods at first and can delay paying for the rest until the end of the credit period. This paper considers a two-level trade credit, where the supplier offers order-quantity-dependent partial trade credit to a retailer, who suggests full trade credit to his customers. An economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model of a deteriorating item is formulated here, and the Branch and Reduce Optimization Navigator is applied to find the optimal replenishment policy. The sensitivity of the variables on different parameters has been analyzed by applying some numerical examples. The data reveal that increasing the credit periods of the retailer and the customers can decrease and increase the retailer’s total cost, respectively.

JIT Inventory Management Strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Economic Order Quantity ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Business World ◽  
Safety Stock ◽  
Operating Process ◽  
Strategic Approach

Implementing a just-in-time (JIT) inventory management strategy seems to be the latest hot topic in the business world, particularly in manufacturing industries. In today's competitive supply chain environment, more and more companies are either adopting JIT methodology or at least beginning to research and understand how JIT would affect their business. But what exactly is JIT? Many companies may be already putting into practice some of the concepts of JIT – such as looking at always improving or trying to reduce waste in terms of product or labor steps. Some companies may be fully ready to embrace a JIT operating process; yet, perhaps JIT is not the best choice for their business. The goal of this chapter is to develop a better understanding of JIT, from this history behind its inception to the various risks and benefits that relate to adopting JIT from an interdisciplinary/strategic approach to a transdisciplinary viewpoint. Those strategies, which include the basic methods of minimum stock, economic order quantity (EOQ), and Safety stock methods, are explored and explained in this chapter.

Fuzzification of EOQ Model Under the Condition of Permissible Delay in Payments

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra K. Jaggi ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Reena Jain
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Permissible Delay In Payments ◽  
Signed Distance ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Delay In Payments ◽  
The Cost

This paper formulates an economic order quantity inventory model under the condition of permissible delay in payments in fuzzy environment. All the parameters of the model, excluding permissible delay period and cycle length, are taken to be trapezoidal Fuzzy numbers. The arithmetic operations are defined under the function principle. The cost function has been defuzzified using signed distance method and thereby solved to obtain the optimal replenishment period. The numerical example is presented to show the validity of the model followed by sensitivity analysis.

OPTIMALISASI PENGADAAN BAHAN BAKU DALAM RANGKA MEMINIMALKAN TOTAL BIAYA PERSEDIAAN TEMBAKAU PADA PT BENTOEL INTERNATIONAL INVESTAMA DI MALANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Dwi Dayanti Oktavia ◽  
Peni Indarwati ◽  
Marhaerni Fikky Febriananta
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Order Quantity ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Cost

A company should maintain an adequate or optimal level of inventory so that production operations can run smoothly and efficiently. What needs to be considered in this case is that the required raw materials are always available, so as to guarantee the smooth production process. However, the amount of inventory should not be too much because this will harm the company. Too much inventory will increase maintenance costs and storage costs in the warehouse. In addition, the amount of inventory that is too much can also increase the likelihood of losses due to damage and loss of quality that can reduce company profits. And vice versa, the amount of inventory that is too small will hamper the production process so that the company will suffer a lot of losses including: the machine does not work as it should, many workers are unemployed, and can even result in the cessation of the production process. This study aims to determine how the calculation of raw materials, what is the total cost of raw material inventory if the company establishes an EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) policy, what is the limit or point of ordering raw materials needed by the company during the grace period at PT.Bentoel International Investama in Malang.The population used is the supply of tobacco raw materials at PT. Bentoel International Investama, where this research was conducted by interview and documentation. The variable in this study is the supply of raw materials. The analysis used is the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) method.The results of the study, if using the EOQ method in 2017 the cost savings of Rp 40,290,256,931, while in 2018 the cost savings of Rp. 44,388,428,549. Thus there is a difference between inventory policies carried out according to the company with EOQ calculations. It can be concluded that the supply of raw materials every year has increased raw materials, the frequency of purchasing raw materials when using raw materials when using the EOQ method is 2 times in one period, the limit for ordering raw materials needed by companies when using the 2017 EOQ method is 218,176.7 kg, while in 2018 it will be 210,853 kg. The total cost of raw material inventory calculated according to EOQ is less than that spent by the company, so there is a cost savings of raw material inventory

A Model for Comparative Analysis of Inventory Costs of JIT and EOQ Purchasing in the Ready Mixed Concrete Industry

2006 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 1020-1023
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Mao Zeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Indifference Point ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Inventory Costs ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ready Mixed Concrete ◽  
Mixed Concrete

A model for comparing the inventory costs of purchasing under the economic order quantity (EOQ) system and the just-in-time (JIT) order purchasing system in existing literature concluded that JIT purchasing was virtually always the preferable inventory ordering system especially at high level of annual demand. By expanding the classical EOQ model, this paper shows that it is possible for the EOQ system to be more cost effective than the JIT system once the inventory demand approaches the EOQ-JIT cost indifference point. The case study conducted in the ready-mixed concrete industry in Singapore supported this proposition.

scholarly journals The Low-Carbon Supply Chain Coordination Problem with Consumers’ Low-Carbon Preference

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yuxiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Emission Abatement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we study the supply chain coordination problem between a manufacturer and a retailer regarding consumers’ low-carbon preferences. The retailer considers the market demand to determine the order quantity; the manufacturer chooses how to reduce emissions according to the retailer’s order quantity. We consider four cases, including the non-emission abatement, the emission abatement of decentralized decision-making, the centralized decision-making and the retailer providing a cost-sharing contract. By comparing the four cases, we find that the case of a retailer providing a cost-sharing contract can coordinate the supply chain, achieving a Pareto improvement for the manufacturer and retailer. In addition, we use the Rubinstein bargaining model to determine the cost-sharing ratio. Finally, numerical simulations are given to analyze the impact of the cost-sharing ratio on the equilibrium results, including the profit and the emission abatement level. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the cost-sharing ratio and consumers’ low-carbon awareness on the profits of the members in the supply chain. We find that the equilibrium results, including the order quantity, the emission abatement level and the profits of the members in the supply chain under contract, are higher than the ones under centralized decision-making. The results show that in the higher low-carbon awareness market, retailers should formulate a reasonable cost-sharing ratio to achieve emission reduction coordination.

EOQ Model with Permissible Delay in Payments under Fuzzy Environment

2014 ◽  
pp. 281-296
Author(s):  
Chandra K. Jaggi ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Reena Jain
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Permissible Delay In Payments ◽  
Signed Distance ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Delay In Payments ◽  
The Cost

This chapter introduces an economic order quantity inventory model under the condition of permissible delay in payments in fuzzy environment. All the parameters of the model, excluding permissible delay period and cycle length, are taken to be trapezoidal Fuzzy numbers. The arithmetic operations are defined under the function principle. The cost function has been defuzzified using signed distance method and thereby solved to obtain the optimal replenishment period. The numerical example is presented to show the validity of the model followed by sensitivity analysis.

An optimal order quantity with shelf-refill trips from backroom for efficient store operations

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-984
Author(s):  
Anukal Chiralaksanakul ◽  
Vatcharapol Sukhotu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Shelf Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Optimal Order Quantity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of backroom storage in supply chain replenishment decision parameters: the order quantity based on the well-established economic order quantity (EOQ) model. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop an EOQ-type model to investigate the operational cost impact of the order quantity with backroom storage. Because of the discrete and discontinuous nature of the problem, a modification of an existing algorithm is applied to obtain an optimal order quantity. Numerical experiments derived from a leading retailer in Thailand are used to study the cost impact of the backroom. Findings The paper shows that the backroom storage will significantly affect the decision regarding the order quantity. If its effect is ignored, the cost increase can be as high as 30 per cent. The costs and operations of additional shelf-refill trips from the backroom must be carefully analyzed and included in the decisions of replenishment operations. Research limitations/implications The model is a simplified version of the actual replenishment process. Validation from a real-world setting should be used to confirm the results. There are many additional opportunities to further integrate other issues in this problem such as shelf space decisions or joint order quantity between vendors and retailers. Practical implications The insights gained from the model will help managers, both retailers and vendors or manufacturers, make better decisions with regard to the order quantity policy in the supply chain. Originality/value Problems with backroom storage have been qualitatively described in the literature in the past decade. This paper is an early attempt to develop a quantitative model to analytically study the cost impact of backroom on order quantity decisions.

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