scholarly journals A psychophysiological assessment of delayed emotional recovery across discrete emotions in borderline personality disorder and the impact of self-harm and suicidality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skye Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Emotional Recovery ◽  
The Impact

This study examined Linehan’s (1993) theory of delayed emotional recovery (i.e., emotions last longer) in borderline personality disorder (i.e., BPD), and whether non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation modulate this process. BPD and healthy control (HC) groups were monitored via parasympathetic, sympathetic, and self-report indices after fear, anger, and sadness inductions. After the fear induction, the BPD group showed increases in emotional arousal as indicated by parasympathetic indices and no changes in sympathetic indices, whereas HCs showed no change in parasympathetic indices and decreases in sympathetic indices. Further, individuals with BPD with higher urges to commit suicide after the fear induction exhibited faster decreases in sympathetic responding than others. These findings suggest that individuals with BPD selectively show delayed emotional recovery and that suicidal ideation may quicken emotional recovery in this group. Those with BPD may benefit from learning strategies to quicken, or tolerate, delayed emotional recovery.

scholarly journals A psychophysiological assessment of delayed emotional recovery across discrete emotions in borderline personality disorder and the impact of self-harm and suicidality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skye Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Emotional Recovery ◽  
The Impact

This study examined Linehan’s (1993) theory of delayed emotional recovery (i.e., emotions last longer) in borderline personality disorder (i.e., BPD), and whether non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation modulate this process. BPD and healthy control (HC) groups were monitored via parasympathetic, sympathetic, and self-report indices after fear, anger, and sadness inductions. After the fear induction, the BPD group showed increases in emotional arousal as indicated by parasympathetic indices and no changes in sympathetic indices, whereas HCs showed no change in parasympathetic indices and decreases in sympathetic indices. Further, individuals with BPD with higher urges to commit suicide after the fear induction exhibited faster decreases in sympathetic responding than others. These findings suggest that individuals with BPD selectively show delayed emotional recovery and that suicidal ideation may quicken emotional recovery in this group. Those with BPD may benefit from learning strategies to quicken, or tolerate, delayed emotional recovery.

Is borderline personality disorder really an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, how? A comprehensive experimental paradigm

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Skye Fitzpatrick ◽  
Sonya Varma ◽  
Janice R. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Emotional Recovery

Abstract Background Leading theories suggest that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an emotion dysregulation disorder involving lower basal vagal tone, higher baseline emotion, heightened emotional reactivity, delayed emotional recovery, and emotion regulation deficits. However, the literature to date lacks a unifying paradigm that tests all of the main emotion dysregulation components and comprehensively examines whether BPD is an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, in what ways. This study addresses the empirical gaps with a unified paradigm that assessed whether BPD is characterized by five leading emotion dysregulation components compared to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy control (HC) groups. Methods Emotion was assessed across self-report, sympathetic, and parasympathetic indices. Participants with BPD, GAD, and HCs (N = 120) first underwent baseline periods assessing basal vagal tone and baseline emotional intensity, followed by rejection-themed stressors assessing emotional reactivity. Participants then either reacted normally to assess emotional recovery or attempted to decrease emotion using mindfulness or distraction to assess emotion regulation implementation deficits. Results Individuals with BPD and GAD exhibited higher self-reported and sympathetic baseline emotion compared to HCs. The BPD group also exhibited self-reported emotion regulation deficits using distraction only compared to the GAD group. Conclusions There is minimal support for several emotion dysregulation components in BPD, and some components that are present appear to be pervasive across high emotion dysregulation groups rather than specific to BPD. However, BPD may be characterized by problems disengaging from emotion using distraction.

Emotion-Oriented Coping Style Predicts Self-Harm in Response to Acute Psychiatric Hospitalization

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Frei ◽  
Vladimir Sazhin ◽  
Melissa Fick ◽  
Keong Yap
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract. Psychiatric hospitalization can cause significant distress for patients. Research has shown that to cope with the stress, patients sometimes resort to self-harm. Given the paucity of research on self-harm among psychiatric inpatients, a better understanding of transdiagnostic processes as predictors of self-harm during psychiatric hospitalization is needed. The current study examined whether coping styles predicted self-harm after controlling for commonly associated factors, such as age, gender, and borderline personality disorder. Participants were 72 patients (mean age = 39.32 years, SD = 12.29, 64% male) admitted for inpatient treatment at a public psychiatric hospital in Sydney, Australia. Participants completed self-report measures of coping styles and ward-specific coping behaviors, including self-harm, in relation to coping with the stress of acute hospitalization. Results showed that younger age, diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, and higher emotion-oriented coping were associated with self-harm. After controlling for age and borderline personality disorder, higher levels of emotion-oriented coping were found to be a significant predictor of self-harm. Findings were partially consistent with hypotheses; emotion-oriented but not avoidance-oriented coping significantly predicted self-harm. This finding may help to identify and provide psychiatric inpatients who are at risk of self-harm with appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Targeted Clinical Education for Staff Attitudes Towards Deliberate Self-Harm in Borderline Personality Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 981-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Commons Treloar ◽  
Andrew J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of attending targeted clinical education on borderline personality disorder on the attitudes of health clinicians towards working with deliberate self-harm behaviours commonly exhibited by patients diagnosed with this complex disorder. Comparisons of clinicians across service settings, occupational fields, and other demographic areas were also made. Method: A purpose-designed demographic questionnaire and the Attitudes Towards Deliberate Self-Harm Questionnaire were used to collect the demographic information and assess the attitudes of 99 mental health and emergency medicine practitioners across two Australian health services and a New Zealand health service, both before and after education attendance. Results: Statistically significant improvements in attitude ratings were found for both emergency medicine clinicians and mental health clinicians in working with deliberate self-harm behaviours in borderline personality disorder, following attendance at the education program with a medium affect size (t(32)=−3.45, p=0.002, d=0.43 and t(65)=−5.12, p=0.000, d=0.42, respectively). Clinicians across occupational areas of nursing, allied health, and medical fields demonstrated equivocal levels of improvement in their attitude ratings. Conclusions: Results are discussed in terms of the necessity of providing regular access to targeted clinical education for health professionals working with patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.

scholarly journals Blinded by our emotions: The impact of borderline personality disorder and affect on emotion recognition sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204380871881887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibby McMahon ◽  
Kwanguk Kim ◽  
Caitlin M. Fang ◽  
Andrada D. Neacsiu ◽  
M. Zachary Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in emotion recognition within individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, it is yet unknown how much these abnormalities can be attributed to emotional states or affect. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the independent effects of BPD, positive affect, and negative affect on emotion recognition sensitivity. We recruited a mixed, transdiagnostic community sample of 118 adults diagnosed with either a personality disorder, only an affective disorder, or without psychopathology. Participants completed self-report assessments of positive and negative affect and two behavioral assessments of emotion recognition sensitivity. We found that both positive and negative affect predict lower overall emotion recognition sensitivity in both tasks, beyond the effect of BPD. We did not find a significant, independent effect of the diagnosis of BPD. Additionally, we found that the diagnosis of BPD moderated the relationship between negative affect and emotion recognition sensitivity within one task. Findings from the present study suggest that sensitivity to other people’s emotional expressions may be influenced by affect beyond the effect of the BPD diagnosis. The implications for future research efforts on emotion recognition and BPD are discussed.

scholarly journals The Care Programme Approach and risk assessment of borderline personality disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Whewell ◽  
Daria Bonanno
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Core Self ◽  
Regular Contact

Aims and MethodsThis paper describes the validation of self-report of risk by patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) as compared with the judgement of experienced psychotherapists in regular contact with them. The aim was to validate the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation System (CORE) self-report in order to be able to use it to monitor risk change for patients with BPD in psychotherapy and general psychiatric settings.ResultsThere was significant separation correlation between CORE risk sub-scales for self-harm, suicide and risk to others and therapists' estimation of significant risk v. no significant risk.Clinical ImplicationsUsing the cut-offs described, we suggest that the CORE questionnaire risk sub-scales can be used to assess significant risk for patients with BPD in psychotherapy, and in psychiatric and community health teams. The sub-scales should also prove valuable in allocating Care Programme Approach status.

Borderline Personality among Outpatients Seen by a Pain Management Specialist

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy A. Sansone ◽  
J. David Sinclair ◽  
Michael W. Wiederman
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Pain Patients

Objective: We examined the prevalence of borderline personality disorder among a sample of outpatients who were being initially evaluated by a pain management specialist. Method: Using two self-report measures for borderline personality disorder, the borderline personality scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) and the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), we explored prevalence rates of this Axis II disorder in a sample of 117 participants. Results: According to the PDQ-4 and the SHI, 9.4% and 14.5% of participants, respectively, met the criteria for borderline personality, with 6.8% meeting criteria on both measures. Conclusions: In this insured population of pain patients, rates of borderline personality, as determined by both measures, were comparable to rates of borderline personality in the general population.

scholarly journals Predictors of suicide attempts in patients with borderline personality disorder over 16 years of prospective follow-up

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2395-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Wedig ◽  
M. H. Silverman ◽  
F. R. Frankenburg ◽  
D. Bradford Reich ◽  
G. Fitzmaurice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundIt is clinically important to understand the factors that increase the likelihood of the frequent and recurrent suicide attempts seen in those with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although several studies have examined this subject in a cross-sectional manner, the aim of this study was to determine the most clinically relevant baseline and time-varying predictors of suicide attempts over 16 years of prospective follow-up among patients with BPD.MethodTwo-hundred and ninety in-patients meeting Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R) and DSM-III-R criteria for BPD were assessed during their index admission using a series of semistructured interviews and self-report measures. These subjects were then reassessed using the same instruments every 2 years. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach was used to model the odds of suicide attempts in longitudinal analyses, controlling for assessment period, yielding an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each predictor.ResultsNineteen variables were found to be significant bivariate predictors of suicide attempts. Eight of these, seven of which were time-varying, remained significant in multivariate analyses: diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), substance use disorder (SUD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), presence of self-harm, adult sexual assault, having a caretaker who has completed suicide, affective instability, and more severe dissociation.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that prediction of suicide attempts among borderline patients is complex, involving co-occurring disorders, co-occurring symptoms of BPD (self-harm, affective reactivity and dissociation), adult adversity, and a family history of completed suicide.

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