scholarly journals Use of single vehicle collisions to model fatigue-related crashes on rural two-lane highways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Average Curvature ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Design Factors

Fatigue-related crashes are believed to be more common on rural highways than on urban roads and on two-lane roads rather than on other rural road types. Thus an understanding of how design factors affect fatigue-related crashes on rural to-lane roads is vital. The problem is that fatigue is rarely reported as a cause of crashes, since is is rarely suspected by the police as a possible cause and since potential liability may motive the drivers not to reveal the real causes of the crash. Thus, getting a handle on these crashes thorough modeling is a formidable challenge. Fortunately, there is research to suggest that single-vehicle run-off-road crashes, particularly those during periods of low circadian rhythm, can be used as a reasonable surrogate in modeling fatigue--related crashes. The paper is based on research to examine how fatigue-related crashes rural on two-lane roads, as represented by single vehicle crashes, are affected by various engineering design factors. This study's goal is to explore the effects of fatigue on driving on rural two-lane roads in North America, and to consider how we can work towards mitigating the effects of fatigue on traffic safety. For this investigation, generalized linear and logistic regression modelling were used on US Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) data from Ohio. Models were developed separately and combined for periods of high and low circadian rhythm and for single-vehicle run-off-road and other crashes. The results show, for example, the after controlling for traffic volumes, increases in speed limit, average curvature and average gradient and decreases in surface width and average shoulder width were found to be associated with increased fatigue related crashes. Important differences were found in the effects of factors for period of low and high circadian rhythm.

scholarly journals Use of single vehicle collisions to model fatigue-related crashes on rural two-lane highways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Average Curvature ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Design Factors

Fatigue-related crashes are believed to be more common on rural highways than on urban roads and on two-lane roads rather than on other rural road types. Thus an understanding of how design factors affect fatigue-related crashes on rural to-lane roads is vital. The problem is that fatigue is rarely reported as a cause of crashes, since is is rarely suspected by the police as a possible cause and since potential liability may motive the drivers not to reveal the real causes of the crash. Thus, getting a handle on these crashes thorough modeling is a formidable challenge. Fortunately, there is research to suggest that single-vehicle run-off-road crashes, particularly those during periods of low circadian rhythm, can be used as a reasonable surrogate in modeling fatigue--related crashes. The paper is based on research to examine how fatigue-related crashes rural on two-lane roads, as represented by single vehicle crashes, are affected by various engineering design factors. This study's goal is to explore the effects of fatigue on driving on rural two-lane roads in North America, and to consider how we can work towards mitigating the effects of fatigue on traffic safety. For this investigation, generalized linear and logistic regression modelling were used on US Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) data from Ohio. Models were developed separately and combined for periods of high and low circadian rhythm and for single-vehicle run-off-road and other crashes. The results show, for example, the after controlling for traffic volumes, increases in speed limit, average curvature and average gradient and decreases in surface width and average shoulder width were found to be associated with increased fatigue related crashes. Important differences were found in the effects of factors for period of low and high circadian rhythm.

Evaluation of Roundabout-Related Single-Vehicle Crashes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2637 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beau Burdett ◽  
Andrea R. Bill ◽  
David A. Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
Crash Types

Roundabouts reduce fatal and injury crashes at intersections when converted from other intersection control types. In Wisconsin, roundabouts have been linked to a 38% decrease in fatal and injury crashes. Part of this reduction can be attributed to crash types that result in the mitigation of more serious injuries. However, the reduction comes at a cost because other crash types, such as single-vehicle collisions, may increase. Six years of crash data on 53 roundabouts in Wisconsin were examined for crash causes and geometric characteristics that affected single-vehicle crashes. Weather and impaired driving, particularly by younger drivers, were primary causes for more than half of all single-vehicle crashes at the study roundabouts. Younger drivers (18 to 24 years of age) were involved in a significantly higher proportion of single-vehicle crashes than the total proportion of licensed drivers in that age group. Younger drivers were involved in approximately one-third of all crashes that involved impaired driving and in two-thirds of all speed-related single-vehicle crashes. A negative binomial model was constructed to estimate run-off-road crashes at approaches. It was found that roundabouts with higher approach speeds and higher traffic volumes experienced more run-off-road crashes. Landscaped central islands experienced significantly lower frequencies of run-off-road crashes.

Safety Evaluation of the SafetyEdge Treatment for Pavement Edge Drop-Offs on Two-Lane Rural Roads

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (30) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Craig Lyon ◽  
Bhagwant Persaud ◽  
Eric Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Lane Width ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Edge Drop

This study estimated crash modification factors (CMFs) for the SafetyEdge paving technique that is applied for the treatment of pavement edge drop-offs on two-lane rural highways. An empirical Bayes observational before-after evaluation based on installation data in Iowa, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Florida found that the SafetyEdge treatment was associated with statistically significant reductions in fatal and injury (FI), run-off-the-road (ROR), opposite-direction (head-on and sideswipe), and drop-off-related crashes. The ROR CMF was also statistically significant for both horizontal curved and tangent sections. A disaggregate analysis examined the variation of the CMF for ROR with factors such as the travel lane width, traffic volume, presence of a horizontal curve, posted speed limit, and the pre-treatment ROR crash frequency. The results of that analysis indicated, for example, that the SafetyEdge paving technique appears to have a greater ROR safety benefit on two-lane rural roadway segments with average annual daily traffic volumes greater than 3,000 vehicles per day, relative to roadway segments with lower traffic volumes. A crash modification function (CMFunction) was calibrated with expected pre-treatment ROR crashes as the independent variable to simultaneously capture the relationship of the CMF for ROR crashes to multiple factors. An economic analysis found that the treatment is highly cost-effective.

Analysis on the Convection of Highway in Permafrost Regions

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1644-1647
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Sun ◽  
Zhen Qing Wang ◽  
Hong Tao Xing ◽  
Yong Heng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Percent Time Spent Following ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Permafrost Regions ◽  
Key Parameter

The purpose of this study was to evaluate flow characteristics on two-lane rural highways and to develop criteria for highway widening The study is conducted on two tracks: theoretical development of delay models and use of a simulation model to estimate the effect of certain parameters on delay and percent-time-spent-following. Models of delay are presented, as are the regions in which the traffic is stable or unstable. It was also possible from the simulation to obtain the percent-time-spent-following, which is a key parameter in determining level-of-service on two-lane highways.The accrued delay over the usable life of a two-lane highway pavement, assumed to be 20 years, was discounted to present monetary value This was then compared to four typical construction costs for different terrain types. The threshold average daily traffic volumes were determined at the points where the present value of the accumulated delay was equal to the cost of constructing two more lanes. These threshold values can be used as criteria for widening a two-lane highway and converting it into a four-lane facility. Additional criteria, based on percent-time-spent-following, are also presented.

Guidelines for Right-Turn Treatments at Unsignalized Intersections and Driveways on Rural Highways

1997 ◽  
Vol 1579 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Tanweer Hasan ◽  
Robert W. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Design Hourly Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Guidelines for right-turn treatments at unsignalized intersections and driveways on rural two-lane and four-lane highways are presented. Two types of treatments, full-width lane and taper, were considered over the do-nothing radius treatment. The guidelines indicate the design hourly traffic volumes for which the benefits of right-turn treatments exceed their costs. The benefits used in the economic analysis were the operational and accident cost savings provided by right-turn treatments. The costs used in the development of the guidelines were the costs of constructing full-width right-turn lanes and tapers. The operational effects were estimated in terms of delay and excess fuel consumption experienced by through traffic due to right-turning vehicles. To account for the safety effects, the relationship between speed differential and accidents was used to estimate the reduction in right-turn, same-direction, rear-end accidents that would be expected to result from the provision of a right-turn treatment. The guidelines indicate the right-turn design hourly volume required to justify a right-turn treatment as a function of the following factors: ( a) directional design hourly volume, (b) highway operating speed, and ( c) number of lanes on the highway. Comparisons with other guidelines indicate that the range of guidelines developed are reasonable. In addition, they are more definitive than other guidelines because they account for highway operating speed and address taper treatments as well as full-width turn lanes.

Safety Effects of Horizontal Curve Reliability Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 627-636
Author(s):  
Scott Himes ◽  
Eric Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Index ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Green Book ◽  
Total Curve ◽  
The Relationship

Recent advancements in analytical processes have used probabilistic approaches to examine the efficacy of the point mass model (and other Green Book models) to develop reliability-based approaches for geometric design. However, there has been minimal research establishing the link between reliability measures and substantive safety (expressed through crash frequency). The objective of this paper is to use empirical data supporting the calculation of reliability index for existing horizontal curves and to estimate the relationship between reliability index and crash frequency. Other horizontal curve-related characteristics that may have an impact on crash frequency on horizontal curves for rural two-lane highways and rural freeway facilities are controlled for in the evaluation. The safety analysis showed that the wet pavement reliability index was significantly associated with crash frequency for total curve-related crashes, single-vehicle run-off-road crashes, rollover crashes, truck-related crashes, and weather-related crashes. The relationship was strongest for the reliability index in its continuous form, meaning that the effect is continuous across the range of wet pavement reliability that was observed.

scholarly journals Road traffic accidents on Senai-Desaru expressway

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 02002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordiana Mashros ◽  
SittiAsmah Hassan ◽  
Yaacob Haryati ◽  
Mohd Shahrir Amin Ahmad ◽  
Ismail Samat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Road Segments

Understanding and prioritising crash contributing factors is important for improving traffic safety on the expressway. This paper aims to identify the possible contributory factors that were based on findings obtained from crash data at Senai-Desaru Expressway (SDE), which is the main connector between the western and eastern parts of Johor, Malaysia. Using reported accident data, the mishaps that had occurred along the 77.2 km road were used to identify crash patterns and their possible related segment conditions. The Average Crash Frequency and Equivalent Property Damage Only Average Crash Frequency Methods had been used to identify and rank accident-prone road segments as well as to propose for appropriate simple and inexpensive countermeasures. The results show that the dominant crash type along the road stretches of SDE had consisted of run-off-road collision and property damage only crashes. All types of accidents were more likely to occur during daytime. Out of the 154 segments, the 4 most accident-prone road segments had been determined and analysed. The results obtained from the analyses suggest that accident types are necessary for identifying the possible causes of accidents and the appropriate strategies for countermeasures. Therefore, this accident analysis could be helpful to relevant authorities in reducing the number of road accidents and the level of accident severity along the SDE.

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