scholarly journals The influence of self-efficacy, interest, and stereotype threat on career intentions and choices related to math and science.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wong
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Cognitive Predictors ◽  
Math And Science ◽  
Verbal Test ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Science Interests

Women continue to be underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers/sectors. Concurrently, negative stereotypes about women’s abilities to perform in STEM persists. This research examined whether gender stereotypes influence women’s STEM-related intentions and choices and the mediating influence of cognitive predictors based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994). In total, 194 women from Ryerson University were randomly assigned to a stereotype threat (n =65), stereotype nullification (n = 65), or control condition (n = 64). Participants completed questionnaires assessing math self-efficacy, math and science interests and intentions, and a math/verbal choice task. In support of SCCT, math self-efficacy and math/science interests predicted math/science intentions and choice on the math/verbal test. Furthermore, “math identified” participants in the stereotype threat condition reported lower math/science intentions. This research has implications for current interventions designed to increase women’s participation and retention in STEM.

scholarly journals The influence of self-efficacy, interest, and stereotype threat on career intentions and choices related to math and science.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wong
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Cognitive Predictors ◽  
Math And Science ◽  
Verbal Test ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Science Interests

Women continue to be underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers/sectors. Concurrently, negative stereotypes about women’s abilities to perform in STEM persists. This research examined whether gender stereotypes influence women’s STEM-related intentions and choices and the mediating influence of cognitive predictors based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994). In total, 194 women from Ryerson University were randomly assigned to a stereotype threat (n =65), stereotype nullification (n = 65), or control condition (n = 64). Participants completed questionnaires assessing math self-efficacy, math and science interests and intentions, and a math/verbal choice task. In support of SCCT, math self-efficacy and math/science interests predicted math/science intentions and choice on the math/verbal test. Furthermore, “math identified” participants in the stereotype threat condition reported lower math/science intentions. This research has implications for current interventions designed to increase women’s participation and retention in STEM.

Looking at Our STEM Teacher Workforce: How to Model Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 089124242097375
Author(s):  
Brandon Ofem ◽  
Samuel J. Polizzi ◽  
Gregory T. Rushton ◽  
Michael Beeth ◽  
Brock Couch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Teacher Workforce ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Stem Teacher

There is currently a severe shortage of teachers in the U.S. workforce. The problem is especially acute among science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers and exacerbated by high turnover among new teachers—those with less than 5 years of teaching experience. In this article, the authors investigate one piece of the puzzle. The authors model a social cognitive approach to understanding self-efficacy, a key precursor to job performance and retention. Their interactionist approach accounts for both demographic (i.e., gender and age) and relational variables (i.e., social networks). The authors test their ideas on a sample of 159 STEM teachers across five geographic regions in the United States. Their analysis reveals patterned differences in self-efficacy across gender that are contingent on the communities of practice in which the teachers are embedded. Together, their theory and findings highlight the value of taking a holistic, interactionist view in explaining STEM teacher self-efficacy.

scholarly journals The Effects of Doctoral Teaching Development on Early-Career STEM Scholars’ College Teaching Self-efficacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. ar14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Connolly ◽  
You-Geon Lee ◽  
Julia N. Savoy
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Research Universities ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Teaching Development ◽  
And Mathematics

To help prepare future faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to teach undergraduates, more research universities are offering teaching development (TD) programs to doctoral students who aspire to academic careers. Using social cognitive career theory, we examine the effects of TD programs on early-career STEM scholars’ sense of self-efficacy as postsecondary teachers. In 2011, a survey questionnaire was administered to 2156 people who in 2009 were doctoral students in STEM departments at three U.S. research universities; 1445 responded (67%). Regression analysis revealed positive relationships between TD participation and participants’ college teaching self-efficacy and positive interaction effects for women. These findings may be used to improve the quality and quantity of TD offerings and help them gain wider acceptance.

STEM Stereotypes and High School Students’ Math/Science Career Goals

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patton O. Garriott ◽  
Kristin M. Hultgren ◽  
Julian Frazier
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Science Career ◽  
Science Interests

This study examined negative stereotypes of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals as predictors of math/science interests and career goals in a sample of high school students. In a scale development study, results of an exploratory factor analysis ( N = 341) indicated a single-factor structure best represented items for the Math and Science Stigma (MASS) Scale—a measure of negative stereotypes of STEM professionals. In a follow-up study, structural equation modeling was used to confirm the factor structure of the MASS. Further analyses showed that a model with STEM stereotypes depicted as a proximal contextual barrier to math/science career interests and goals fit the data well. STEM stereotypes were a significant predictor of math/science self-efficacy, math/science self-efficacy was a significant predictor of math/science interests, and interests predicted math/science career goals. The relationship between STEM stereotypes and math/science interests was explained by self-efficacy. Results are discussed in terms of decreasing negative stereotypes of STEM professionals and enhancing high school students’ interests in STEM careers.

Sources of Middle School Students’ Self-Efficacy in Mathematics: A Qualitative Investigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L. Usher
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Affective States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Course Placement ◽  
And Mathematics

According to A. Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory, individuals form their self-efficacy beliefs by interpreting information from four sources: mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasions, and physiological or affective states. The purpose of this study was to examine the heuristics students use as they form their mathematics self-efficacy from these and other sources. Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight middle school students who reported either high or low self-efficacy and with students’ parents and mathematics teachers. Students relied on information from all four hypothesized sources, which were combined according to various heuristics. Teaching structures, course placement, and students’ self-regulated learning also emerged as important factors related to self-efficacy. Results refine and extend the tenets of social cognitive theory.

Family and Social Cognitive Predictors of Southeast Asian American College Students’ Academic Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy N. Truong ◽  
Matthew J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Academic Satisfaction ◽  
Cognitive Predictors ◽  
Intergenerational Family Conflict ◽  
Southeast Asian American

Southeast Asian Americans have unique sociopolitical histories compared to other Asian American ethnic groups in the United States. These experiences may distinctly shape their academic experiences. Given the low academic attainment rates in this population, we tested a cultural and social cognitive model of academic satisfaction with a sample of 111 Southeast Asian American college students. Specifically, we examined the degree to which intergenerational family conflict and social cognitive factors (e.g., self-efficacy) related to academic satisfaction. We found that intergenerational family conflict was negatively related to family academic support. Contrary to expectations, family academic support and self-efficacy were not directly linked to academic satisfaction, family academic support was not directly linked to self-efficacy or outcome expectations, and outcome expectations was not linked to goal progress. Other social cognitive predictors were related directly and indirectly to academic satisfaction, consistent with prior research. Limitations and implications for future research and practice are addressed.

Stereotype Threat in a Video Game Context and Its Influence on Perceptions of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Avatar-Induced Active Self-Concept as a Possible Mitigator

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 900-926
Author(s):  
Joseph Fordham ◽  
Rabindra Ratan ◽  
Kuo-Ting Huang ◽  
Kyle Silva
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Identity Salience ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Game Context ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Game Performance

The connection between video games and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields has become a key focus for education and game scholars alike. While games may have the power to bring more students toward STEM fields, gender stereotypes about gaming ability may hinder this potential. To examine this issue, two studies were conducted to investigate whether stereotype threat induced in a gaming context would affect players’ game performance and their perceptions of STEM fields. The first study found that priming gender stereotypes influenced female participants’ video game performance as well as interest in and perceptions of STEM fields. A second study investigated this relationship through the use of both overtly gendered and nongendered forms of stereotype threat as well as avatar-induced identity salience. Interaction effects found between implicit/explicit stereotype threat and identity salience suggest a relationship between forms of stereotype threat and active self-concept.

Do Entrepreneurial Alertness and Self-efficacy Predict Chinese Sports Major Students' Entrepreneurial Intention?

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui HU ◽  
Yinghua Ye
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Cognitive Predictors ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness

Entrepreneurship is encouraged among graduates of Chinese higher education institutions as a solution to the increasingly competitive job market. Guided by social cognitive theory, we explored whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial alertness (EA) predicted the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of a sample of 364 Chinese sports major students. In addition, we examined the influence of demographic differences, namely, gender, entrepreneurial education, and previous entrepreneurial experience, on students' ESE, EA, and EI. Results showed that both EA and ESE were key cognitive predictors of participants' EI, and that demographic differences affected their ESE, and EA, and EI. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

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