Science starts early: A literature review examining the influence of early childhood teachers’ perceptions of gender on teaching practices

Women are underrepresented in science fields as compared to men and although much research has been dedicated to understanding this disparity, most has been conducted on older aged children. However, this excludes the youngest and arguably most impressionable group of students: preschoolers. This study reviewed the literature to investigate how early childhood teachers’ perceptions of gender influence their teaching practices. Qualitative analysis and coding of 31 articles resulted in five main categories: Teacher Perception, Curriculum, Teacher Interactions, Gender Identity, and Social Standing. Results are discussed in the context of early childhood science teaching practices to better understand the role of the teacher and gender bias in young children’s preschool science experiences and how it may impact their future science interests.

Twinkle: Update on the international, collaborative exoplanet survey

<div>The Twinkle Space Mission is a space-based observatory that has been conceived to measure the atmospheric composition of exoplanets, stars and solar system objects. Twinkle’s collaborative multi-year global survey programmes will deliver visible and infrared spectroscopy of thousands of objects within and beyond our solar system, enabling participating scientists to produce world-leading research in planetary and exoplanetary science. Twinkle’s growing group of international Founding Members have now started shaping the survey science programme within focused Science Teams and Working Groups and will soon be delivering their first papers.</div> <div> </div> <div>Twinkle will have the capability to provide simultaneous broadband spectroscopic characterisation (0.5 - 4.5µm) of the atmospheres of several hundred bright exoplanets, covering a wide range of planetary types. It will also be capable of providing phase curves for hot, short-period planets around bright stars targets and of providing ultra-precise photometric light curves to accurately constrain orbital parameters, including ephemerides and TTVs/TDVs present in multi-planet systems.<br /><br />I will present an overview of Twinkle’s mission status and discuss some example exoplanet surveys to highlight the broad range of targets the mission could observe, demonstrating the scientific potential of the spacecraft. I will also report on the work of the Twinkle exoplanet Science Team, showcasing their science interests and the studies into Twinkle’s capabilities that they have conducted since joining the mission.</div>

The influence of self-efficacy, interest, and stereotype threat on career intentions and choices related to math and science.

Women continue to be underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers/sectors. Concurrently, negative stereotypes about women’s abilities to perform in STEM persists. This research examined whether gender stereotypes influence women’s STEM-related intentions and choices and the mediating influence of cognitive predictors based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994). In total, 194 women from Ryerson University were randomly assigned to a stereotype threat (n =65), stereotype nullification (n = 65), or control condition (n = 64). Participants completed questionnaires assessing math self-efficacy, math and science interests and intentions, and a math/verbal choice task. In support of SCCT, math self-efficacy and math/science interests predicted math/science intentions and choice on the math/verbal test. Furthermore, “math identified” participants in the stereotype threat condition reported lower math/science intentions. This research has implications for current interventions designed to increase women’s participation and retention in STEM.

The influence of self-efficacy, interest, and stereotype threat on career intentions and choices related to math and science.

Women continue to be underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers/sectors. Concurrently, negative stereotypes about women’s abilities to perform in STEM persists. This research examined whether gender stereotypes influence women’s STEM-related intentions and choices and the mediating influence of cognitive predictors based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994). In total, 194 women from Ryerson University were randomly assigned to a stereotype threat (n =65), stereotype nullification (n = 65), or control condition (n = 64). Participants completed questionnaires assessing math self-efficacy, math and science interests and intentions, and a math/verbal choice task. In support of SCCT, math self-efficacy and math/science interests predicted math/science intentions and choice on the math/verbal test. Furthermore, “math identified” participants in the stereotype threat condition reported lower math/science intentions. This research has implications for current interventions designed to increase women’s participation and retention in STEM.

One hundred thirty years of Dom Pedro II’s death: “The emperor of the tropics” and the beginning of Brazilian Psychiatry

ABSTRACT Objective: Associate Dom Pedro II’s life trajectory and the beginning of Brazilian psychiatry through the Pedro II Asylum. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the literature on three search databases: Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Web of Science (SciELO). Results: The first Brazilian psychiatry institution, the Pedro II Asylum (1841-1889), was created by the number 82 decree on 18 July 1841. The launching occurred at Dom Pedro II’s coronation ceremony. It was a celebration that aimed at enhancing the Brazilian monarch’s power and at legitimizing the emperor’s adulthood at the age of fourteen. Throughout the 48 years of the Dom Pedro II empire, his cultural and science interests influenced the emergence of incipient Brazilian scientific research. In this regard, the Pedro II Asylum was portrayed not only as a health care institution but also undertook an effort to attend the social and cultural modifications promoted at the Brazilian imperial court after the Portuguese Crown family arrived in 1808. It also represented the influence of French psychiatry based on Phillipe Pinel’s (1745-1826) principles of moral treatment. Conclusions: Concisely, the Pedro II Asylum was a representation of Dom Pedro II’s personality as a patron of science, the emergence of Brazilian psychiatry, and the imperial society hierarchy.

EFEKTIVITAS UNIT KEGIATAN MAHASISWA RIJAL RISET DALAM PENINGKATAN KARYA TULIS ILMIAH (Studi Analisis Mahasiswa Prodi Hadits STDIIS Jember)

Extracurricular activities are student activities that include reasoning and science, interests and hobbies, efforts to improve student welfare and social service for the community. In this regard, STDI Imam Syafi'i Jember participated in developing the interests and talents and potential of students to be able to compete in the era of globalization. One of the student activity units formed was the Research Rijal Student Activity Unit. Research on this UKM is needed. The reason is because the making of scientific papers that are the product of this unit is a hard thing for students in general.This study aims to explain the cause of students lack of interest in making scientific papers, factors driving students to join Research Rijal UKM, and the contribution of these UKM in improving scientific writing. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study. Data is described descriptively. The analysis used is inductive analysis. Based on its scope, this study takes one site. Data was collected from several documents, observations, and interviews with 17 informants. The main informants in this study were 13 students of the Hadith Sciences Study Program. Then supplemented with additional informants from 3 Ahwal Syakhsiyah Study Program students and P3M supervisors.This research produces several conclusions. First, that the cause of students' lack of interest in making scientific papers is because: (a) students are less interested in writing, (b) lack of ideas and ideas, and (c) the rules for writing scientific papers that are relatively complicated. Second, the factors driving the students of the Hadith Science Study Program to join Research Rijal UKM include: (a) they want to learn the methodology of writing scientific papers, (b) foster interest in reading, (c) practice critical habits of scientific papers, and (d ) develop general writing skills. Third, the contribution of UKM Rijal Research includes (a) giving special lectures to UKM members on how to make good scientific journals and (b) providing further guidance in the completion of scientific papers.

El movimiento por la planificación familiar en Murcia y el acceso de las mujeres a la anticoncepción, 1976-1980

Durante la década de 1970 se constituyó en España un movimiento social por la planificación familiar. En este proceso confluyeron intereses sociales, políticos y científico-sanitarios cuyos resultados fueron la despenalización de los anticonceptivos, prohibidos en España desde 1941, y el desarrollo de infraestructuras que facilitaran su accesibilidad a todas las mujeres. Una de las características de este proceso fue la diversidad regional de modelos en el origen, desarrollo y consolidación de los centros de planificación familiar. La investigación que se propone pretende describir y analizar el caso de la Región de Murcia como ejemplo de este proceso en la periferia española, con sus singularidades y similitudes en el contexto nacional. El estudio se centra en el periodo 1976-1980, dentro de la primera fase del movimiento de planificación familiar en nuestro país cuando se consigue la legalización de todos los métodos anticonceptivos. During the 1970’s a social movement for family planning began in Spain. Social, political and health science interests came together, resulting in the decriminalization of contraceptives which had been forbidden in Spain since 1941, and in the development of infrastructures which facilitated the access of all women to them. One aspect that characterized this process was the regional diversity of the models regarding the origin, development and consolidation of the family planning centers. The proposed research seeks to describe and analyze the case of the Region of Murcia as an example of this process in the Spanish periphery, with its singularities and similarities within the national context. The study focuses on the period between 1976 and 1980 within the first phase of the family planning movement in our country, when the legalization of all contraceptive methods is achieved.