Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II

2008 ◽  
pp. 177-205
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 1944-1946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

Zajścia antyżydowskie na Lubelszczyźnie w pierwszych latach po drugiej wojnie światowej

2007 ◽  
pp. 178-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 19441946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

Post-war fashion tips in the popular fashion press in Poland: A source of psychological support in the 'struggle for femininity'

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-243
Author(s):  
Magdalena Idem
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Practical Life ◽  
Post War ◽  
Large Readership

Abstract Social conditions in Poland were harsh at the conclusion of World War II. Surprisingly, interest in fashion revived quickly after the war, giving rise in 1945 to a hugely popular fashion press, avidly read by Polish women. The independent magazine Fashion and Practical Life (Moda i Życie Praktyczne), launched in December 1945, was the first of its kind in Poland after the war, and quickly gained a large readership of urban and rural women (and significant numbers of men). It centred on fashion tips ‐ from practical advice on how to remodel existing material into new clothing to more aspirational ideas, crossing over from the necessities of dress or clothing into the more imaginary realm of 'fashion'.Unlike readers of the fashion press before the war, the readership of this magazine was not leisured or highly literate, but largely 'ordinary' women trying to deal with the realities of their circumstances and to find relief from them. Letters from readers were the centre of the magazine in its early years. They shared their experiences and solutions. This article explores the phenomenon of a genre of publishing for women in Poland through analysis of Fashion and Practical Life from its inception into the early 1950s. It examines the contexts in which it operated and its role in the representation and self-identity of Polish women within this time of transition. The article identifies two key typologies for fashion tips: 'poor fashion' (how to make available materials into liveable garments) and 'imaginary fashion' (the aspirations that Polish women had but could not attain at that time). It also shows that apparently emancipatory trends for women were short-lived. By the early 1950s the narrative of the fashion press reinscribed Polish women back in the home, as housewives.

7. Developments on the home front and in technical and medical fields

2014 ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Gerard L. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compulsory Sterilization ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
Post War

‘Developments on the home front and in technical and medical fields’ describes the social, political, and economic impacts of World War II on each of the countries that participated. There was severe war rationing in Germany and programs of compulsory sterilization continued until the latter stages of the war; Poland was the most dramatically changed country; the European Jewish population was decimated; Fascism was defeated in Italy; Britain lost its colonial powers; and in Russia, Stalin was transformed from being a feared and hated dictator into the benign saviour of his people. There were significant developments in military technology and medical practices applied during the war that had considerable post-war importance.

Martin Luther and the Jews: How Protestant Churches in Germany Deal with the Reformer’s Dark Side

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Martin Hauger
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
World War ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Evangelical Churches ◽  
Reformation Theology ◽  
Anti Jewish

Despite the fact that Luther was referenced in order to justify anti-Semitic hatred of Jews during the time of National Socialism it took the German evangelical churches almost forty years to get round to intensively working through Luther’s anti-Jewish Statements and their effects through history. During the first decades after World War II, intra-church discussion focused on working through its own guilt (1945–1950) and finding a new direction for theology concerning Israel (1960–1980). However, the 500th anniversary of Luther’s birth in 1983 fueled a discussion about the Reformer’s attitude towards the Jews. It centered, first, on the question of how to assess the anti-Semitic co-option of Luther in the Nazi period; second, on how Luther’s friendly statements towards Jews in his early years relate to the invective of his late writings. The latest EKD statement turns away from a genetic view of Luther towards an appraisal of his theological assessment of Judaism in connection with his Reformation theology.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Elissa Bemporad
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Jewish Ritual

The genocidal impulses that erupted during the pogroms of the Russian Civil War (1917–21), together with the recurring claim of Jewish ritual murder and its multiple permutations, became necessary components for the events that unraveled in the so-called Bloodlands. The persistence, the permutation, andthe responses to anti-Jewish violence and memories of violence suggest that Jews (and non-Jews alike) cohabited with a legacy of blood that did not vanish. It is in fact difficult to fully grasp thedynamics of violence unleashed during World War II in the region of Eastern Europe, which comprised present-day Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia, without integrating the historical violence and memories of violence that earmarked Jews. The blood legacies played a central role in the carnage of European Jewry and made the Bloodlands likely. Under the Soviets, who from the beginning outlawed antisemitism, violence against Jews did not supersede entirely, and even when it was forbidden (like in the case of the pogroms), it was not forgotten. There is an unexplored history of antisemitism in the Soviet lands that sheds light on the complicated experience of concurrent Jewish empowerment and vulnerability in Soviet society.

The Unassailable Self: Freud's Image Among Post-war American Intellectuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Jenness
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
External Force ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy.

Metamorphoses of memory of the the Russian-Serbian Brotherhood of War in Modern Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Party System ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Second World

The article considers the perception of World War II in modern Serbian society. Despite the stability of Serbian-Russian shared historical memory, the attitudes of both countries towards World wars differ. There is a huge contrast in the perception of the First and Second World War in Russian and Serbian societies. For the Serbs the events of World War II are obscured by the memories of the Civil War, which broke out in the country immediately after the occupation in 1941 and continued several years after 1945. Over 70% of Yugoslavs killed during the Second World War were slaughtered by the citizens of former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The terror unleashed by Tito in the first postwar decade in 1944-1954 was proportionally bloodier than Stalin repressions in the postwar USSR. The number of emigrants from Yugoslavia after the establishment of the Tito's dictatorship was proportionally equal to the number of refugees from Russia after the Civil War (1,5-2% of prewar population). In the post-war years, open manipulations with the obvious facts of World War II took place in Tito's Yugoslavia. In the 1990s the memories repressed during the communist years were set free and publicly debated. After the fall of the one-party system the memory of World War II was devalued. The memory of the Russian-Serbian military fraternity forged during the World War II began to revive in Serbia due to the foreign policy changes in 2008. In October 2008 the President of Russia paid a visit to Serbia which began the process of (re) construction of World War II in Serbian historical memory. According to the public opinion surveys, a positive attitude towards Russia and Russians in Serbia strengthens the memories on general resistance to Nazism with memories of fratricide during the civil conflict events of 1941-1945 still dominating in Serbian society.

Charles de Gaulle and European Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitino ◽  
Tanel Kerikmae ◽  
Olga Shumilo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
European Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
De Gaulle

This article highlights the role of Charles de Gaulle in the history of united post-war Europe, his approaches to the internal and foreign French policies, also vetoing the membership of the United Kingdom in the European Community. The authors describe the emergence of De Gaulle as a politician, his uneasy relationship with Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II, also the roots of developing a “nationalistic” approach to regional policy after the end of the war. The article also considers the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter - CAP), one of Charles de Gaulle’s biggest achievements in foreign policy, and the reasons for the Fouchet Plan defeat.

The Social Identity of Hosts and Patrons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Lane
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Organizational Identity ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Post War ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter analyses inns, taverns, and public houses in their social context, exploring their organizational identity and the social positions of their owners/tenants. It examines how patrons express their class, gender, and national identity by participation in different kinds of sociality. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century hostelries afforded more opportunities for cross-class sociability than in later centuries. Social mixing was facilitated because the venues fulfilled multiple economic, social, and political functions, thereby providing room for social interaction apart from communal drinking and eating. Yet, even in these earlier centuries, each type of hostelry already had a distinctive class character, shaping its organizational identity. Division along lines of class hardened, and social segregation increased in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, up to World War II. In the post-War era, increased democratization of society at large became reflected in easier social mixing in pubs. Despite this democratization, during the late twentieth century the dominant image of pubs as a working-class institution persisted.

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