scholarly journals Agronomic performance of cover crops and upland rice cultivars grown in sucession with different nitrogen rates in no-tillage system

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-189
Author(s):  
Geovane Lima Guimarães ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Edson Cabral Da Silva ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
Marco Eustáquio De Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
World Food Security ◽  
N Rates

Rice is considered by FAO as one of the most important foods to world food security and nitrogen (N) is the nutrient that most often affects the productivity of this crop, with its dynamics in the soil-plant system changed by management used. With the objective of evaluating the yield and quantities of nutrients in the phytomass of cover crops; and to evaluate the influence of the isolated and combined use of cover crops and urea as N sources on the growth, productivity and grain quality of upland rice cultivars irrigated, in the implantation of the no-tillage system, was carried out a study in an Oxisol (Rhodic Haplustox), cerrado (savannah) phase at the Experimental Farm of UNESP/FEIS, in Selvíria-MS, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four repetitions, in a 4x2x3 factorial scheme. The treatments were a combination of four cover crops: velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and spontaneous vegetation (fallow in off-season); and two rice cultivars: Primavera and IAC 202; and three N rates: 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 as urea. The millet, followed by sunn hemp, produced the highest yield of dry phytomass and accumulation of nutrients. The succession sunn hemp-rice promoted higher grain yield, regardless of the N rate applied, while the cultivar IAC 202 was the most productive than Primavera. The increase of the N rate caused a drop in the number of spikelets seedless per panicle, with positive effects on grain yield. These results contribute with information about the cover plants and more efficient N rates to increase the quality and yield of rice crop.

Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation by Cover Crops and Upland Rice Grown in Succession Under No-Tillage System as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Alefe Viana Souza Bastos ◽  
Vinícius Ide Franzin ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

scholarly journals Fertilizer distribution mechanisms and side dress nitrogen fertilization in upland rice under no-tillage system

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
André de Moraes Costa ◽  
Émerson Borghi ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro ◽  
Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Furrow Opener ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Seed Deposition

Some crops have shown not to adapt to the no-tillage system (NTS) as a consequence of the compaction of the superficial soil layer. In a certain way, the mechanism used in seeders to open furrows for the deposition of fertilizers can have great importance in facilitating root penetration. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of two fertilizer distribution mechanisms and N fertilization in upland rice (Oryza sativa) under NTS. The experiment was carried out in the growing seasons 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A completely randomized block design was applied, with subdivided plots and four replications. Main plots consisted of two furrow opening mechanisms (furrow opener and double disk). Subplots consisted of four side dressing N levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1). The following parameters were evaluated: furrow and seed deposition depth, plant population, plant height, number of stems and panicles m-2, number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, weight of 1,000 grains, shoot dry matter, grain yield and N levels in the flag leaf. The success for upland rice establishment under the NTS in dry winter regions of Brazil is directly associated to the furrow opening mechanism of the seed-drill. The furrow opener mechanism resulted in deeper seed deposition, consequently decreasing seedling population, number of panicles per area and grain yield. Side dressing N fertilization in upland rice under NTS increases grain yield whenever the double disk mechanism is used to sow.

scholarly journals Corn and soybean yields as affected by cover crops and herbicide timing under no-tillage system

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-946
Author(s):  
P. Oliveira ◽  
A.S. Nascente ◽  
J. Kluthcouski ◽  
T.A.P. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

To achieve better results in the no-tillage system (NTS), it is important to properly manage the cover crop prior to planting by using herbicides, usually glyphosate. The effect of glyphosate on plant coverage is slow, and plants take a few days to die completely. Thus, when applying the herbicide on the same day of planting soybean or corn, cover crops are still alive and standing, causing initial shading on seedlings of the crop and delaying its establishment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of distinct cover crops and their timing of desiccation prior to planting soybean or corn, on crop yield and yield components. Two experiments were installed, one for soybean and another for corn. Each experiment consisted in combining three cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha, common bean or millet) chemically desiccated at two timings before planting the crop (15 or 0 days before planting) under no-tillage system (NTS). Experiments were installed in a completely randomized block design with five replications. Brachiaria brizantha produced the highest amount of biomass; common bean and millet as cover crops allowed higher soybean grain yields; herbicide application under common bean, millet and Brachiaria brizantha 15 days before planting soybean allowed higher crop grain yields; desiccation timing of common bean did not affect corn grain yield; Brachiaria brizantha should be desiccated 15 days before planting corn to allow maximum grain yield; when millet was used as a cover crop, glyphosate application at planting of corn allowed the highest grain yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physiological traits in upland rice for adaptation to no-tillage system

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre B. Heinemann ◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Nand K. Fageria ◽  
Lucas M. de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Early Vigor

In the cerrado region of Brazil, no-tillage is an alternative management practice to conserve soil and reduce cost of crop production. However, many studies have been showed that there is a decrease in the yield when upland rice is cropped in this system. Therefore, there is a need that new breeding initiatives introgress favorable traits into upland rice for no-tillage adaptation. Key traits include faster emergence, ability to germinate when deep seeded, faster root development, and early canopy closure during the vegetative stages. All those traits can be summarized as "early vigor". So, the objective of this study was to evaluate physiological traits of four contrasting parental upland rice cultivars to verify their adaptation to no-tillage system. A greenhouse experiment with four upland rice cultivars (BRS Primavera, BRS Curinga, BRS Soberana, and Douradão) were planted at three different dates and growth at potential conditions. Development stages, total dry matter, leaf area, leaf dry matter, leaf length, leaf elongation rate and leaf duration were measured and calculated. Based on physiological traits, the four cultivars showed differences in the growth cycle. However, for biomass and leaf area growth and leaf expansion traits they did not differ significantly, probably being the lack of genetic "early vigor" a characteristic of the modern cultivars. The growth and development pattern was significantly affected by planting dates and not by cultivars.

scholarly journals Grain yield and termite damage in rice by compaction on the furrow and seed treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1813-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veneraldo Pinheiro ◽  
◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
José Alexandre Freitas Barrigossi ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effects of soil compaction pressure on the sowing furrow and of seed treatments with insecticides on grain yield and on termite damage in upland rice plants under no-tillage, in the Center West region of Brazil. Three experiments were carried out, consisting of five seed treatments combined with three (first experiment) or four (second and third experiments) compaction pressures in a randomized complete block design, in a factorial arrangement. The seed treatments were: T0, without treatment; T1, imidacloprid+thiodicarb; T2, thiamethoxam; T3, carbofuran; and T4, fipronil+pyraclostrobin+thiophanate-methyl. The compaction pressures applied were: 25, 42, and 268 kPa, in the first experiment; and these same pressures plus 126 kPa in the second and third experiments. Seed treatment was effective in increasing rice grain yield, from 1,753 to 4,141 kg ha-1, especially in the lowest compaction pressure of 25 kPa. Soil compaction around 180 kPa in the sowing furrow results in higher rice grain yield and in fewer stems killed by termites. The use of soil compaction on the sowing furrow with seed treatment significantly increases rice grain yield under a no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Biomass and nutrient accumulation by cover crops and upland rice grown in succession under no-tillage system as affected by nitrogen fertilizer rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-289
Author(s):  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Alefe Viana Souza Bastos ◽  
Vinícius Ide Franzini ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

scholarly journals Effect of Cover Crops Associated With Lettuce Production Under No-Tillage System

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Indiamara Marasca ◽  
Erení da Silva de Jesus ◽  
Murilo Martins Batistuzzi ◽  
Matheus Vinicius Abadia Ventura ◽  
Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Lettuce Yield ◽  
The University

The use of cover crops has benefits for the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil. However, together with the need for good vegetable productivity, considerable challenges arise in several regions of Brazil. The preparation of conventional soil for initiating no-tillage systems is necessary to create a management history and assimilate the benefits of the no-tillage system in vegetables, ensuring sustainable production. The objective of this research was to evaluate lettuce yield as a function of different cover crops as a function of resistance to soil penetration. The experiment was conducted in the horticulture sector of the University of Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. The cover crops used were sunflower (Helianthus annuus), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and fallow, and the vegetable used was lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The variables analyzed were plant height and lettuce yield, straw decomposition, and soil resistance to penetration. The collected data were submitted to analysis of variance, and if significant, was compared by Tukey test (p < 0.05) and regression analysis. The lettuce height in the different management systems showed no statistical differences. The decomposition of the straw presented accentuated degradation for the evaluated cover crops and the productivity was bigger in the straw of crotalaria and fallow. Soil resistance for cover crops was not greater than 2 MPa.

scholarly journals Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Diemisson O. Nunes ◽  
João H. de S. Favaro ◽  
Hamilton C. de O. Charlo ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Antônio C. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Special corn is cultivated all year conventionally round; however, its productivity increases when grown under a no-tillage system (NTS). This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet and green corn cultivated under residues of different cover crops and the NTS implantation stages. Two experiments were carried out in the randomized block design, with four replications, in each of the three areas. The experiments consisted of evaluating the sweet and green corn, simultaneously, in three areas at different stages of development of NTS: initial (1 year), transition (7 years), and consolidation (19 years) with six types of cover crops: Signal grass (SG), Pearl millet (PM), Sunn hemp (SH), a mixture of SG + SH, SG + PM, and PM + SH. The dry matter (DM) production of the cover crops, the productivity of husked and unhusked ears, straw, and grain yield were evaluated. The SH had the highest dry mass production among the studied cover crops in all phases of the NTS. The phase of the NTS did not influence the productivity of ears with or without husk in green corn. The cultivation of sweet corn in transition and consolidation areas of the NTS showed better yields when compared to the initial phase of the system.

The no-tillage system and cover crops—Alternatives to increase upland rice yields

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Tarcísio Cobucci
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Rice Yields

scholarly journals Upland rice yield as affected by previous summer crop rotation (soybean or upland rice) and glyphosate management on cover crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S Nascente ◽  
C.A.C Crusciol ◽  
L.F Stone ◽  
T Cobucci
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Previous Summer ◽  
Summer Crop

The appropriate chemical management of cover crops in no-tillage aims to obtain greater benefits with its employment in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to assess upland rice yield as affected by the previous summer crop, species and desiccation timing of cover crops by glyphosate. Sown cover crops were sown (November 2007), followed by rice in half of the experimental area and soybean in the other half (November 2008). After the harvesting of these crops, the same cover crops were sown again (March 2009) and followed by upland rice in the total area (November 2009). The experiment consisted of the combination of five cover crops (fallow, Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis, B. brizantha and Pennisetum glaucum), four desiccation timings (30, 20, 10 and 0 days before rice sowing), and two antecedents of the summer crop (rice or soybean) under no-tillage system (NTS), plus two control treatments at conventional tillage system (CTS). Cover crops significantly affect rice grain yield and its components. There is a significant tendency to highest yield when cover crop desiccation is conducted farther from the rice sowing date (from 2,577.1 kg ha-1 - desiccation at rice sowing to 3,115.30 kg ha-1 - desiccation 30 days before rice sowing). Soybean as an antecedent of summer crop allows better upland rice yield (3,754 kg ha-1) than rice as an antecedent of summer crop (2,635 kg ha-1); fallow/soybean/fallow (4,507 kg ha-1) and millet/soybean/millet (4,765 kg ha-1) rotation at no-tillage system, and incorporated fallow /soybean/ incorporated fallow (4,427 kg ha-1) at conventional tillage system allow the highest rice yield; upland rice yield is similar at no-till (3,194 kg ha-1) and till system (2,878 kg ha-1).

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