scholarly journals Forest Conservation in Madagascar: Past, Present, Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia P G Jones ◽  
Sarobidy Rakotonarivo ◽  
Julie Hanta Razafimanahaka
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

To be published in the upcoming book The New Natural History of Madagascar, edited by S. M. Goodman, published by Princeton University Press.At this critical time for the future of Madagascar’s biodiversity, we first review the past: touching upon conservation from pre- to post-colonial periods before focusing on the period which most dramatically shaped the country’s current conservation-related institutions and policies (1984-2009). Next the present: we examine evidence for the effectiveness (or otherwise) of the main approaches to forest conservation on the island. We look in detail at how conservation has conceptualized the link between environment and development in Madagascar, the impact of measures by conservationists to transform rural livelihoods, and the effectiveness of protected areas, community-based natural resources management, and the environmental impact assessment legislation. Finally, we look to the future and consider how pressures on Madagascar’s biodiversity, and the conservation community’s responses, are evolving and need to evolve. This is, of course, hugely ambitious. We are attempting to cover a significant chunk of history for a diverse mini-continent. We bring in literature from anthropology, political ecology, economics, and conservation science. We can only hope to do this incompletely.

East Australian Rain-forests: A Case-study in Resource Harvesting and Conservation

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Forest Logging ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Human interactions with rain-forest on the Australian continent have played, and will continue to play, a vital role in their distribution and survival. The presence and significance of rain-forest in Australia lies in the evolutionary history of the Australian plate since the break-up of the Gondwanan supercontinent. Its continued survival and distribution illustrates and encapsulates the history of plant evolution and biogeography in Australia.Since human arrival in Australia at least 40,000 years ago, human interactions with rain-forest have been marked by a number of phases — ranging from Aboriginal use of rain-forest resources to the impetus given by the hunt for the prized Red Cedar, and from the early European settlement on the east coast of Australia in the midto late-19th century to the wholesale clearing of rain forests for agricultural settlement and dairying in the late 19th century. In more modern times, human interactions with rain-forest have focused on adapting forest management techniques to rain-forest logging, restructuring the native forest timber industry in the face of mechanization, changing markets and resource constraints, convulsions as a result of conservationist challenges in Terania Creek and Daintree, and finally the implications of conserving rain-forests in the context of natural processes including fire, climate change, and the impact of human visitors and their recreation.The course of the controversies over rain-forest conservation in Australia has meant that rain-forest logging either has been dramatically curtailed or is in the process of generally ceasing. The protection of rainforests from logging and forestry operations in the future seems secure, given the widespread community support for rain-forest conservation. Threats to rain-forest conservation in the future are likely to be found in more subtle processes: the impact of fire regimes on the spread and contractions of rain-forests, the impacts of exotic species such as Lantana (Lantana camara) and Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), the impacts of human uses through tourism and recreation, the diminution of the viability of isolated pockets by ‘edge effects’, and the damage to the remaining stands on freehold property by conflicting land-uses.Overlying all of these potential threats is the impact of global climate change. Climate change since the Tertiary has reduced the once widespread rain-forest communities of Australia practically to the status of relicts in refugia. Will the remaining rain-forests be able to withstand the projected human-induced climate changes of the future?

The Role of Oil and Gas in the Economic Development of the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the economic development of the global economy. It focuses on the context in which established and newer oil and gas producers in developing countries must frame their policies to optimize the benefits of such resources. It outlines a history of the issue over the last twenty-five years. It considers oil and gas as factor inputs, their role in global trade, the role of oil prices in the macroeconomy and the impact of the geopolitics of oil and gas. It then considers various conventional views of the future of oil and gas in the primary energy mix. Finally, it challenges the drivers behind these conventional views of the future with an emphasis on why they may prove to be different from what is expected and how this may change the context in which producers must frame their policy responses.

Intercountry Adoption in Europe 1998–2008: Patterns, Trends and Issues

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Selman
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Peter Selman examines the recent history of intercountry adoption in Europe in the context of the enlarged EU, which contains both receiving and sending countries. The article provides a detailed analysis of the movement of children for adoption between European countries and examines the impact of intercountry adoption on the well-being of children in Europe and current debates in the European Parliament on the future of intercountry adoption in Europe.

The Writings and Canon

2018 ◽  
pp. 462-472
Author(s):  
Donn F. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Reception History ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biblical Faith

This chapter provides a summary of the Writings, describing the contribution this division makes to the Hebrew canon and to subsequent biblical interpretation. Acknowledging that the Writings are often perceived as amorphous, filled with diversity and difference that prevents a perception of order and purpose, the chapter asks whether these very characteristics witness to other intentions: (1) that diversity and difference are necessary for living out biblical faith; (2) that all biblical praxis (worship, discernment of wisdom, governance, envisioning the future, etc.) requires a relationship with both Torah and Prophets of the biblical canon. The Writings are seen to be a generator of questions and relationships with scripture, and to represent the first instance of canonical reception history, that is, the history of the impact and shaping of scripture in the subsequent history and faith of the community.

Communism in the Islamic World

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

This essay explores some of the common patterns in the history of communism in Muslim-majority societies. The most important of these had little to with Islam. Rather, they reflected the impact of European imperialism and nationalist resistance, the uneven tempo of integration into the global economy, the timing of the anti-colonial revolutions and the location of the post-colonial regimes in the great games of geopolitics. However, the other side of this narrative is the interwoven story of the decline of communist movements in most Muslim-majority societies and the rise of their Islamist competitors. It is argued that this trajectory is best explained not by recourse to essentialist explanations about the appeal of Islamist politics to Muslim believers, but by the failures of the post-colonial states on which the communists had pinned their hopes for national liberation and non-capitalist development.

Mathematics in the History of Civilization

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
NATHAN ALTSHILLER COURT
Keyword(s):  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Ever wonder if there was a connection between societal events and the making of mathematics? Read on to explore the impact that society has had on mathematics and that mathematics has had on society and then ponder what the future might hold.

scholarly journals The influence of Calvinism on the South African Council of Churches

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G.J. Meiring
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Council ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prophetic Witness

The impact of Calvinist theology and of reformed leadership on the South African Council of Churches (SACC) is vast. After a brief history of the SACC, the author notes the contribution that a number of reformed and presbyterian clergy and theologians have made – as presidents, general secretaries or as theo- logians who helped develop the SACC’s message. At least five principles that Calvin held dear, are reflected in the SACC’s agenda during the past decades: the quest for unity, the con- cern for mission, covenanting for justice, providing a prophetic witness in the community, and when the need arose, the willingness to confront the government of the day. The article concludes with a brief look at the future of the SACC and of the continued input that reformed theologians may be able to make.

Introduction

1980 ◽  
Vol 294 (1410) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Satellite Tracking ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Station Coordinates ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Space Age ◽  
The Impact

Station coordinates can be determined at present by Doppler satellite tracking to an accuracy of about 1 m in the Navy Navigational Satellite System (N.N.S.S.). The internal precision of measurement is at the decimetre level and the main theme of the meeting is to explore means of increasing coordinate accuracy to a level approaching that of the measuring precision available. This introduction briefly reviews the impact of the space age on geodesy, outlines the history of the N.N.S.S., discusses the datum on which station coordinates are determined and looks to the future.

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