Introduction

From March 24 to 25, 2021, in Khanty-Mansyisk, the IV INTERNATIONAL YOUTH APPLIED RESEARCH FORUM “OIL CAPITAL” was held by the government of the Khanty-Mansyisk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra with the support of the Russian National Committee of the World Petroleum Council (the RNC of WPC). Organizers Government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra; Council of Young Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Co-organizers Russian National Committee of the World Petroleum Council; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ugra State University”; Union “Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra”; ANO “Intellectual Club”. With the support and participation of the following structures and organizations: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg Mining University”; ANO “International Competence Center in Mining Engineering Education” under the auspices of UNESCO”; National Association of Oil and Gas Services; Union of Oil and Gas Producers of Russia.

Locating Source of Water Production and Performing Cost-Effective Rigless Remedial Operations in Deviated Wells Completed with Standalone Sand Screens

Wells that are already drilled and producing are the most viable sources of future earnings for all oilfield operating companies. Keeping these wells producing economically at optimal rates throughout their lifetimes is top priority. With time, some oilfield operating companies face with production related problems, such us water breakthrough. Production logging is well known technique for locating source of water breakthrough in oil and gas producers. In near-vertical, or slightly deviated wells, producing at high rates, traditional production logging tool string can deliver reliable results. On the other side, in deviated wells, producing at small rates, advanced production logging tool is required, due to presence of fluid segregation and recirculation within borehole. Our experience shows that wisely selected logging technique, depending on downhole logging environment, allows to locate source of water production with confidence for planning water shut-off remedial operations. In wells completed with standalone sand screens water shut-off operation might be complicated as often rig is required for pulling out of hole tubing with sand screens. Another method is to perform chemical water shut-off treatment that might be expensive in some cases. Alternative method is to confirm compact sand accumulation in the annulus and set through tubing bridge plug inside sand screens in wells that producing water from bottommost layers. Plug is deployed in wells without pulling out of hole tubing, as it can pass through restrictions, making this rigless intervention fifty times cheaper compared to intervention with rig. Field examples, presented in this paper, describe fit-for-purpose logging approach for locating source of water production accurately and executing unique rigless water shut-off operations in cased wells completed with standalone sand screens to increase hydrocarbons production in cost-effective way. After remedial operations we observed significant decline in water production and increase in oil rates in all wells that were intervened.

Unlocking Production Potential through Sand Management What–If Analysis in Digital Fields

Sand production associated with oil and gas producers is one of the oldest problems in the industry and is typically in unconsolidated sandstone formations. The stresses caused by the fluids flowing into the wellbore are often sufficient to produce fine sand particles. Sand production may cause operational problems such as disposal of produced sand, sand erosion of downhole and surface equipment, and loss of primary containment (LOPC), which is the most important reason for controlling sand production. In actual field operation, a sand management program is usually implemented to manage sand challenges which limits to monitoring and basic analysis. The proposed sand management solution in this paper performs sensitivity analysis (known as what–if scenarios) using model–based sand erosion calculation to analyze different possible operating scenarios with the objective of preventing and minimizing sand issues. The solution also helps to minimize risks related to well, facilities and avoiding cost or production losses due to sand production. It recommends the operational settings to achieve maximum production rates while ensuring operating within safe erosion limits and without sand deposition risk.

Catastrophic Events and Human Error: A Few Rotten Apples or Organizational Dysfunction?

By July of 2021, it would have been 33 years since the 1988 Piper Alpha tragedy in the UK sector of the North Sea where 167 oil field workers lost their lives. Without question, the incident was a watershed event for the international oil and gas industry. And not simply because of the immediate toll in human lives lost, but also in terms of the devasting aftermath endured by countless friends, families and loved ones whose lives were forever changed on that fateful day. The tragedy also served to illustrate how much work would be needed by the oil and gas industry to fully understand and better manage those operating risks that possessed the potential for catastrophic loss in terms of business cost and reputational impact. In the wake of the public enquiry that followed and chaired by Lord Cullen of Whitekirk, one of the principal recommendations resulting from the disaster required that the international oil and gas industry do a much better job in determining both its major hazards (i.e. major operating risks) and in creating the necessary operating conditions to demonstrate that such things were being well managed. The objective being to provide tangible assurance that the likelihood of the industry ever incurring such a calamitous event again in the future had been reduced to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). In taking its responsibilities very seriously, the international oil and gas industry responded by raising the profile of the management of Health, Safety, and the Environment (HSE) across the wide spectrum of its global operations. By the mid-nineties, the industry had implemented comprehensive and structured systems of work within the framework of purposely built HSE Management Systems using templates designed and developed for the industry via the International Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP)*.

The Success of Managing Participating Interest (PI) in Cepu Block in Increasing Regional Revenue InEast Java

The Cepu Block is one of the largest national oil and gas producers. State revenue from the oil and gas sector in the Cepu Block can also be used to increase revenue from oil and gas producing regions in East Java. This is based on PP. 35/2004 that regulates oil and gas contractors' obligations to offer 10% of Participating Interest (PI) to Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD). However, in reality, not all regions are ready to participate in PI financing due to regional financial limitations. PI of Cepu Block has been realized since 2009 where PT Petrogas Jawa Timur Utama Cendana (PJUC) became one of the four BUMD that assigned to manage the PI of 2.243% with share rights. Initially, PT Petrogas Jawa Timur Utama Cendana used the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme with PT Raharja Energy Cepu (REC) as the initial capital for joining in Participating Interest (PI) of the Cepu Block. Thus, this paper will discuss PI management's success in the Cepu Block, starting from the preparation, procedures for bidding and transferring PIs to the formation of the BKS PI 10% Cepu Block. PJUC utilize part of the funds obtained from PI 10% to manage various business fields. With good management, PJUC has successfully gained USD 3.5 billion profit in 2020 and has successfully paid off its debts, and has become one of the BUMD with a large contribution of local revenue East Java Province. Having PJUC debt paid off, revenue in 2021 will reach around USD 13 billion. BUMD's exists to managing the Cepu Block oil and gas working area through the 10% of Participating Interest that provides an increase in regional revenue for East Java. It increases BUMD's knowledge in managing oil and gas blocks as a non-operator contractor. Then, Participating Interest can be creating transparency in lifting, reserves, and cost recovery. Besides, the regional-owned enterprise can also help facilitate or accelerate issuing permits needed in the regions and help implement cooperation contract activities in the areas.

Comparison of Hydrocarbon Fiscal Regimes of Some European Oil and Gas Producers and Perspectives for Improvement in the Republic of Croatia

Hydrocarbon exploration and production activities are basic to the functioning of the oil and gas industry, while concession contracts and fees are central concepts in the aforementioned activities. The authors consider several questions regarding these concepts, such as: what is the legislative, institutional, and fiscal framework in certain European countries regarding hydrocarbon exploration and production? What are the major differences between them? Finally, is there room for improvement of the framework in the Republic of Croatia? To answer these questions, the authors contacted some of the relevant institutions and accessed official government gazettes, institution websites, legal aggregators, journal articles, books, and different legal publications regarding the oil and gas industry for several European countries, namely the Kingdom of Norway, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Austria, and the Republic of Croatia. As a result, this paper presents an overview of legislation, institutions, concession contracts, taxes, and fees for each of the aforementioned countries. The authors conclude that the Republic of Croatia could benefit from applying some foreign solutions in its own legislative and fiscal framework, i.e., using a sliding scale for royalty calculation and simplifying some administrative procedures.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF SEISMIC EXPLORATION IN UKRAINE

Development of technologies, growth of trends of reducing impact on environment and challenging tasks, which oil and gas producers face, make introduction of new technologies in seismic exploration field unavoidable. As a key tool of prospecting, exploration and reconnaissance of hydrocarbons, seismic exploration is usually restricted by terrain conditions. Urban, wooded and marshy lands, protected areas, river valleys, mountain areas often make seismic exploration impossible or signifi cantly impact its quality and efficiency. One of the modern trends enabling resolution of the issues related to impact on environment is to switch to cable-free registration systems (wireless seismic), so called low impact seismic. Due to the use of cable-free equipment, this new technology makes it possible to reduce impact on environment during field works, as equipment is delivered to the place of installation with no special heavy machinery involved. On the other hand, cable-free systems of seismic acquisition allow to resolve complex tasks of exploration and appraisal studies. Firstly, carry out exploration of hard-to-reach territories, including protected environmental areas, which until now remain unexplored or slightly explored. Managing seismic cables in such conditions is very complicated or impossible. Cable-free technologies allow easily resolving such issues due to both minimum impact on environment and simple and quick placement of receivers. Flexibility and easy scaling of wireless seismic adds to its advantages versus conventional survey. Kilometres of wires are not needed, which allows to easily increase the number of receiver channels and conduct high-density full azimuth seismic survey with single seismic receivers at deep structures, thus, significantly increasing quality of the data received. The pilot project successfully completed at Khoroshivska area by joint efforts of DTEK Oil&Gas LLC and LLC Denimex Geo LLC confi rms in full advantages of wireless solutions revealing new opportunities for the use of seismic exploration at areas previously hard to reach and allowing implementation of high density acquisition projects.

Catastrophic Events and Human Error: A Few Rotten Apples or Organizational Dysfunction?

In July 2021, commemorations will be held to mark the 33 years since the 1988 Piper Alpha tragedy in the UK sector of the North Sea where 167 oil field workers lost their lives. Without question, the incident was a watershed event for the international oil and gas industry not simply because of the immediate toll in human lives lost, but also in terms of the devasting aftermath endured by countless friends, families and loved ones whose lives were forever changed. The tragedy also served to illustrate just how poorly the oil and gas industry really understood and managed those operating risks that possessed the potential for catastrophic loss, both in terms of business cost and overall reputational impact. In the wake of the public enquiry that followed and chaired by Lord Cullen of Whitekirk, one of the principal recommendations required that the international oil and gas industry do a much better job in determining both its major hazards (i.e. major operating risks) and also in creating the necessary operating conditions to demonstrate that such things were being well managed. The objective being to provide tangible assurance that the likelihood of the industry ever incurring such a calamitous event again in the future had been reduced to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). In taking its responsibilities very seriously, the international oil and gas industry responded by raising the profile of the management of Health, Safety and the Environment (HSE) across the wide spectrum of its global operations. By the mid-nineties, the industry had implemented comprehensive and structured systems of work within the framework of purposely built HSE Management Systems using templates designed and developed for the industry via the International Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP)*.

Creating a legacy of oiled wildlife response preparedness through the post-Macondo Oil Spill Response - Joint Industry Project

ABSTRACT In 2015, an ambitious wildlife response preparedness project was initiated; funded as part of the post-Macondo IPIECA-IOGP (International Association of Oil and Gas Producers) Oil Spill Response Joint Industry Project (OSR-JIP). The Global Oiled Wildlife Response System (GOWRS) Project, which involved 11 leading wildlife response organizations from seven countries, aimed to develop an international framework for oiled wildlife response as well as encourage the further development of wildlife response preparedness by industry and other stakeholders. This paper will provide an overview and assessment of the key outcomes of both the JIP-funded phase of the project (2015-16; development of internationally agreed standards and common operating procedures) and the second industry-funded phase (2017-18; focused on response readiness) in order to provide key background information to support the movement towards operationalizing the system.

Ten Years of Advances in Oil Spill Preparedness and Response: A Summary of Key International Industry Programs

ABSTRACT In light of the Deepwater Horizon accident, the oil and gas industry has undertaken various national and global initiatives to advance our knowledge, understanding and approach to oil spill preparedness and response. Notable amongst these, are the IPIECAIOGP (International Association of Oil and Gas Producers) Oil Spill Response Joint Industry Project (OSR-JIP) and the American Petroleum Institute's Joint Industry Task Force (APIJITF). These alone represent million dollars of investment and the collective contribution of hundreds of subject matter experts from around the world. The above two initiatives have produced numerous technical reports, good practice guides and recommended practices that have offered significant advances in industry's oil spill preparedness and response capabilities. Additionally, the various research projects conducted primarily by API have greatly enhanced the understanding of the efficacy and fate and effects of selected response options with a focus on subsea dispersant injection. This paper provides an overview and assessment of the key outcomes of these programs as well as highlighting some of the key breakthrough projects including spill impact mitigation assessment (SIMA), incident management, tiered provision of response capability, wildlife response and dispersants. The authors also describe briefly how the industry has continued this legacy through ongoing API and IPIECA/IOGP programs, together with a brief exploration of the full extent of value which may be derived from these kinds of initiatives.