Forming fabric weave-scale variations in paper filler content

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
ANDREW SERLES ◽  
SHELDON I. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Filler Distribution ◽  
Distribution Trends

A series of experiments were conducted on handsheets to investigate small-scale variations in filler concentration on the surface of paper. The surface distribution of two types of filler material was investigated: precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and kaolin clay (Al2Si2O5(OH)4). The effect of retention aids, dewatering rate, and forming fabric geometry on filler distribution was tested. Local filler concentration was found to be strongly correlated with the relative flow velocity during formation. In samples formed by gravity and vacuum drainage, kaolin displayed a significantly greater variation in local concentration than precipitated calcium carbonate, though the difference was reduced under vacuum drainage conditions. The distribution on the top side of the paper was comparable between the filler types, independent of drainage velocity. Under vacuum drainage, retention aids did not improve filler uniformity on the wire side. However, on the top side of the paper, a moderate reduction in spatial variation was observed. Additionally, on the wire side of samples made with gravity drainage, the addition of retention aids produced a significant improvement in the uniformity of the filler material. These filler distribution trends are believed to be related to variable filler retention as a function of filler type, drainage velocity, and chemical retention aids. Additionally, samples made with an industry forming fabric showed the same distribution trends and an improvement in the uniformity of the filler material.

scholarly journals Hybrid Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Containing Wood Flour for Paper Applications – A Comparative Handsheet Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Kilian F. Baumgartner ◽  
Neil F. Goodman ◽  
Alexander Klitsiotisoris
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate

The main objective of this paper handsheet study is to investigate if a hybrid filler material containing wood flour and precipitated calcium carbonate can replace and/or supplement commercially available ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate mineral filler material for papermaking. The handsheet study contains 25 different furnish mixtures. Four different types of wood flour were used to manufacture the hybrid filler material, including two wood flour blends with a strengthening agent. All handsheet were manufactured with an 80% harwood and 20% softwood mix. The filler content varied between 10, 15 and 20%. The study showed that the hybrid filler material achieved a retention of up to 92.68% as well as a higher caliper of up to 208 μm compared to commercial ground and precipitated calcium carbonate of 120.4 μm and 145.6 μm respectively. Tensile and tear strength did not show an improvement. Elongation and tensile energy absorption did improve of up to 30% with the strength additive containing hybrid filler material. Opacity was improved of up to 10% with the hybrid filler material. Brightness and color values were lower due to the natural brow color of the wood flower material.

scholarly journals Optimum condition investigation on precipitating of calcium carbonate from natural limestone from Bayan soum

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Urangoo Enkhbayar ◽  
Uyen Erdenetsogt ◽  
Gungeregbat Narantsetseg ◽  
Lkhagvasuren Narangerel ◽  
Enkh-Oyun Tulgaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cosmetic Medicine ◽  
Dissolution And Precipitation

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the most widely used filler material in paper, paint, plastic, food, ceramic, cosmetic, medicine and other industries. In the present paper, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) has been produced from natural limestone powder (NLP) by the Calcination-Dissolution-Precipitation (CDP) method. Calcination, dissolution and precipitation experiments were carried out under various conditions including: calcination temperature (800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 °C), dissolution time (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min) and precipitation time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 sec). The analyses by XRF showed that the natural limestone contains 80.97% CaCO3 (47.39% CaO), produced PCC sample contains 94.47% CaCO3 (55.81% CaO). It can be seen that the produced PCC sample more purified than natural limestone. Баянгийн ордны шохойн чулуунаас кальцийн карбонат тунадасжуулах тохиромжтой нөхцөлийн судалгаа Кальцийн карбонатыг цаас, будаг, хуванцар, хүнс, керамик, косметик, эмийн болон бусад үйлдвэрлэлд маш өргөн ашигладаг. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаар байгалийн шохойн чулуунаас тунадасжуулсан кальцийн карбонатийг гарган авахдаа Calcination-Dissolution-Precipitation (CDP) буюу шатаан-уусгаж-тунадасжуулах  аргыг ашигласан. Байгалийн шохойн чулууг шатаах туршилтыг 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 болон 1050°C хэмд, уусгалтын хугацаа 5, 10, 15, 20 болон 25 минут, тунадасжуулах хугацааг 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 болон 60 секунд гэсэн  хувилбаруудтай явуулсан. Рентген флюресценцийн шинжилгээгээр байгалийн шохойн чулууны дээжинд 80.97% CaCO3, тунадасжуулсан шохойн чулууны дээжинд 94.47% CaCO3 агуулагдаж байгаа нь тогтоогдсоноос үзвэл шатаан-уусгаж-тунадасжуулах аргаар илүү цэвэршилттэй кальцийн карбонат гарган авах боломжтойг харуулж байна.  Түлхүүр үг:  Шатаах, уусгах, тунадасжуулах, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2

scholarly journals Eucalyptus Pulp Fibers with In-Situ Precipitated Calcium Carbonate – A 12-Inch Laboratory Paper Machine Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Bardhyl Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Suspension ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties

Paper manufacturing on a global scale is a highly competitive market which requires to constantly improve the manufacturing process to be competitive. To decrease production cost paper manufactures, add filler material prior to sheet forming to replace costly wood fiber based raw material. This research project investigates the use of in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate produced in the presence of eucalyptus fiber material at a 41.0% filler level prior to beating. The in-situ filler containing eucalyptus fiber suspension was used on a 12’ (304mm) wide Laboratory Fourdrinier Paper Machine together with non-filler containing eucalyptus fiber material, and a commercial precipitated calcium carbonate filler material. The manufactured in-situ fiber suspension resulted in a higher ash retention compared to the addition of the powdered commercial PCC filler material. In addition to commercial filler material retention is improved at higher filler addition above 30%. The increased ash retention is linked to the increased micro fibrillation fiber material of the in-situ filler-fiber suspension forming neckless like particles on the fibers microfibrils. Mechanical paper properties showed an improvement for in-situ precipitated filler material compared to commercial filler material addition. Optical properties could be improved in comparison to the eucalyptus fiber without filler addition for in-situ precipitated filler material and a combination of in-situ and commercial filler material.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

Transjøen, a Groundwater Influenced Lake with Special Redox and Sulphate Conditions

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Bremmeng ◽  
A. E. Kloster
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

Transjøen, a lake in S.E. Norway investigated hydrographically from October 1969 to October 1971, consists of two basins, both of which are meromictic (lake with lower layer which does not participate in the periodic circulations). The lake has a large influx of groundwater of very varying chemical composition. The calcium content is high and precipitated calcium carbonate and electrolyte rich groundwater is assumed to be the main reason for the meromictic stability. The redox potentials of monimolimnion (the lower layer which does not participtate in the periodic circulation) are extremely low, but in spite of this fact the content of sulphate is high.

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