A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Using a Limestone and its Application in Paper Filler and Coating Color

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hwan Cho ◽  
Jin Koo Park ◽  
Seung Kwan Lee ◽  
Sung Min Joo ◽  
Im Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction Process ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Paper Filler ◽  
Tearing Strength

Homogeneous precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC) was synthesized by calcinations, hydration and carbonation of limestone which has been deposited in Danyang, Korea. In the reaction process, shapes(scalenohedral and cubic) and sizes(0.2~0.3μm and 2.0μm) of the powder were controlled by reaction temperature. Synthesized PCC was applied to hand-made paper as filler and coated paper. For the prepared papers, physical/optical properties(brightness, whiteness, opacity, roughness, gloss, tensile strength, internal tearing strength, stiffness, bursting strength) and printability(ink gloss, ink set-off, dry pick, wet pick) were characterized

Study of Coating Binder Migration and Affected Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Zhen ◽  
Zheng Shun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Pigment Type ◽  
Binder Concentration ◽  
Coating Color

Because of the coating binder migration in cross-section of coating layer, the binder concentration will be different in z-direction of coating layer, which affect some properties of coated paper. The Paper studied the effects of pigment type, coating color solid content and dying temperature on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. The mechanism of binder migration was also proposed. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration is directly proportional to the drying temperature, that the increase of the ratio of calcium carbonate in the pigment content, coating surface binder concentration increased. The result also indicated that the degree of binder migration was increased with reduced the coating solid content.

scholarly journals Fresh and Hardened Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Modified Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmed Qadri ◽  
Huzaifah Hameed ◽  
Osama Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Chloride Induced Corrosion ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The durability of concrete has been studied ever since it was first used. Researchers have incorporated several materials to make concrete strong and durable. This research focuses on the infusion of styrene butadiene rubber polymer (SBR) as a partial replacement of cement and studies its effects on fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Samples were prepared using partial replacement of SBR in proportions of 0%, 5%, 10% and 20%. Results showed that the fresh density of concrete decreased with the addition of SBR whereas the trends of workability showed an increase with cement replacement. Compressive strength increased at lower percentage replacements however the flexural and tensile strength increased till 15% SBR addition after which it decreased. The total porosity in terms of water absorption decreased which makes SBR modified concrete feasible for concretes exposed to moist conditions and the decreased porosity would increase its durability against chloride induced corrosion.

Relationship of Surface Strength and Bulk Strength Properties in Uncoated Woodfree Paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD ◽  
SANNA NURMI
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Surface Strength ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase

Various uncoated woodfree papers produced on a pilot paper machine were characterized for picking resistance, using an IGT printability tester, and standard sheet properties. The papers were produced with and without surface sizing or a debonding agent, with different filler types (ground calcium carbonate [GCC] or precipitated calcium carbonate [PCC]) and levels (20% and 25%), and by varying the calendering conditions. The goal was to assess the relationship between surface strength of these sheets and their bulk strength properties, such as tensile strength and internal bond. Variables such as the use of a debonding agent or the application of surface size had equal effect on picking resistance and tensile strength. Increase of filler content in paper or replacement of GCC with PCC reduced picking resistance, tensile strength, and internal bond. Increase of the calendering load, for both GCC and PCC sheets, reduced picking resistance but left tensile strength and internal bond unaffected. Picking resistance of the 25% PCC-containing sheets was affected at a significantly larger extent by an increase in calendering load than picking resistance of the 25% GCC-containing sheets. These results point out that the surface of a highly filled PCC sheet is particularly sensitive to surface damage by calendering.

Determination of calcium carbonate and styrene-butadiene latex content in the coating layer of coated paper

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhao ◽  
Qingxi Hou ◽  
Yimei Hong ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The Development and Characterisation of Porous Clay - Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yasmin ◽  
M.N. Mazlee ◽  
A.H. Norzilah ◽  
J.B. Shamsul ◽  
Rahmat Azmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Ceramic Foam ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray

Ceramic foams, a porous material with a gyroid structures, are becoming highly demanded for various applications such as heat insulation, bone implantation and filtration, because of their unique properties such as high specific surface area, high porosity and low heat transfer rate. In this study, the development of ceramic foam utilised white clay with a combination of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The ceramic foam was successfully developed using this combination after the sample was sintered at 1250 °C for 2 hours holding time. The various compositions of PCC (10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5 and 25.0 wt.%) affected the chemical composition and compressive strength of the ceramic foam. The chemical composition of ceramic foam was analysed by using X -ray fluorescence (XRF) and the result indicated that the PCC was successfully transformed into calcium oxide (CaO) after the sintering process. The mineralogical composition of the ceramic foam was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and has shown the presence of mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2), gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (2CaAl2Si2O8) after the sintering process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the presence of porosity on the strut of the ceramic foam. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of the ceramic foam increased from 0.03 to 1.31 MPa, which is directly proportional to the increased amount of PCC.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN SIFAT CETAK KERTAS SALUT DENGAN PIGMEN PRESIPITASI KALSIUM KARBONAT BERUKURAN SUBMIKRON ( DEVELOPMENT OF PRINTING PROPERTIES ON COATED PAPER USING SUBMICRON PIGMENT PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE )

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Oktavia ◽  
Sonny Kurnia Wirawan ◽  
Nina Elyani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
White Paper ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Oil Penetration ◽  
High Degree

This research has been conducted to maximize the calcium carbonate usage without optical brigthening agent additional. The improvement on printing properties and a high degree of white paper was addressed the problem of meta-stable materials coated on the submicron of crystalline vaterite precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) by composite it with latex. This study characterized the coating pigment, preparation of coating color, applied to paper sheets and compared with previous research and Indonesia National Standard specification of coated printing paper (SNI 0154:2010). The use of mixed submicron PCC (SPCC) and regular PCC (RPCC) as a white-coated paper produces a high brightness, low roughness, low oil penetration, high picking strength, high gloss, and low water absorption. Mostly those testing parameters meet the requirement of the Indonesia Standard National of printing coated-paper SNI 0154: 2010. Improvement also achieved on composite of submicron PCC-binder latex. A significant improvement of gloss value of the laboratory-scale processes was equal with supercalender using the paper machine and 23.6-28.9% of increasing of brigthness prior to previous study. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bermaksud untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan pigmen kalsium karbonat tanpa menggunakan tambahan optical brigthening agent. Sifat cetak dan derajat cerah kertas ditingkatkan dengan cara mengatasi masalah meta-stabil pada bahan salut presipitat kalsium karbonat (PCC) submikron bentuk kristal vaterit melalui pembentukan komposit dengan lateks. Penelitian ini meliputi tahap karakterisasi bahan salut, pembuatan bahan salut, dan aplikasinya pada kertas, serta analisis sifat fisik, cetak dan optis pada kertas cetak salut, lalu membandingkannya dengan penelitian sebelumnya dan SNI spesifikasi kertas cetak salut SNI 0154:2010. Penggunaan campuran PCC submikron (SPCC)dengan PCC reguler (PCC) sebagai bahan salut menghasilkan derajat cerah kertas tinggi, kekasaran rendah, penetrasi minyak rendah, ketahanan cabut tinggi, kilap tinggi, dan daya serap air rendah. Sebagian besar parameter tersebut memenuhi standar SNI spesifikasi kertas cetak salut (SNI 0154 : 2010). Peningkatan juga terjadi pada komposit PCC submikron (SPCC) dengan binder lateks. Peningkatan signifikan terjadi pada analisa kilap kertas cetak salut skala laboratorium yang menunjukkan hasil sama dengan superkalender pada mesin kertas, dan terjadi peningkatan derajat cerah yaitu sekitar 23,6 – 28,9% terhadap penelitian sebelumnya.Kata kunci: bahan salut, kertas cetak salut, kilap tinggi, SNI 0154:2010 

Influence of the Coating Layer Characteristics on the Dynamic Permeability and Printing of Ink-Jet Paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 731 ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Zheng Jian Zhang ◽  
Ji Hui Xin ◽  
Li Ying Yang ◽  
Bo Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Dynamic Permeability ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Color Density

In order to investigate the influence of coating layer characteristics on the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper, coating was prepared by the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and white latex used as bottom coating (recipe label:A,B),and coating formula was made by silica (SiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol used as surface coating (recipe label:a,b,c).Then paper were coated respectively on single bottom, single surface and multilayer. Then the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper were analyzed systematically. The results showed that whether single layer or multilayer, the values of Ct, Ci were minimum when the ration of pigment and adhesive was 70:30, because the hole diameter of the coating layer was smallest, and the absorption was strongest, so the dynamic permeability was best, and the ability of ink absorption was best, color density and tone reproducibility were best. It concluded that when the proportion of SiO2 and PVA was 70:30, the dynamic permeability and printing ability of ink-jet paper were relative better.

scholarly journals Studying the influence of the preparation of a new copolyamide as adhesive for wood-wood surfaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (72) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Mohammad N. AL-Baiati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Wood Surfaces ◽  
Standard Tests

In this research, a new copolyamid was prepared from reaction Aceglutamide with Formaldehyde by esterfication process, and used this copolymer as adhesive between wood – wood surface. Five different weight ( 0.2, 0.4 , 0.6, 0.8 & 1.0 gm ) from the prepared copolymer respectively, were used as adhesive to prepared the specimens of wood / adhesive . Four standard test methods were used to measured the adhesion properties which are; ASTM: D-790, ASTM: D- 695,  ISO – 179                   &   ASTM: D-638 . The results obtained from these tests indicated that, the specimens of               wood / adhesive containing 1.0 gm from the prepared copolymer have high values in all standard tests; Impact strength was 45 MPa, Compressive strength was 40 MPa, Flexural strength was 250 MPa and Tensile strength was 8150.41 MPa ; compared with the other specimens which contain on less weight from the prepared copolymer.

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