scholarly journals Feminism and Gynecocracy in Classical Autors Dona María de Zayas Sotomayor and Tirso de Molain

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Cossi Basile Medenou

This study based on María de Zayas Sotomayor and Tirso de Molina, especially on their classical Golden Age books Prudence in Woman and Amorous and Exemplary Novels, has for purposes to raise the question of women empowerment again and analyze their handling approaches of the feminist subject matter, to identify and suggest solutions to the hindrances of the solvency of that social phenomenon of women discrimination now a days. We carried it out by socio-critical approach and with objective, comparative, esthetical and analytic heuristic methods. It turns out of our work that both of María de Zayas Sotomayor and Tirso de Molina are feminist writers, but there are some subtle differences between them: Tirso de Molina put special emphasis on women political skills, whereas María de Zayas develops femininity, condemns their objectification by men and advocates their intellectual and social emancipation. Apart from that, our analyzes revealed that social and cultural obstacles continue to maintain the phenomenon. We proposed a cleaning up of the habits and the lifting of old fashioned taboo, mainly in African cultural areas where such habits are still unchanging.     

1918 ◽  
Vol 64 (265) ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
Hubert J. Norman

Human perfectibility, or even entire social amelioration, appear with the passage of time to recede into a yet further distance; and, whilst forming subject-matter for academic discussion and for visionary imagination, they hardly come within the range of practical politics. With them, as with disquisitions about the hereafter, there has been a tendency to allow “other worldliness” to obscure the necessity for doing our duty here and now, and letting the distant future take care of itself. To those who object that this view is a sordid, or at least a selfish one, it may be answered that if we observe the Golden Rule—if even we practise but a negative virtue by refraining from doing evil—we shall yet make for the desired goal, possibly as rapidly as those who, their eyes fixed on that distant point, fail to observe the obstacles which lie immediately in their path, and who have, again and again, to arise bruised and disheartened by their stumbles and disappointments. It may indeed be that their aims are but illusions, mere figments of the fancy, impossible of realisation. “Uniform and universal knowledge, social salvation and sovereign goodness, a golden age to come excelling a past golden age, a Paradise regained in lieu of a Paradise lost, in fact, a kingdom of heaven on earth or elsewhere, are not yet matters with which the sober-minded scientist can grapple;” and nescience can only formulate them in phraseology which lacks verisimilitude even to those who utter it. It is doubtful whether the projectors of ideal commonwealths would have desired to have been themselves inhabitants thereof; even if they had had the will it is certain that they would not have had the ability to carry it into effect. Much of their work is perchance energy misdirected, and the words of Milton may be applicable to others as well as to him of whom he uttered them. “Plato, a man of high authority indeed, but least of all for his Commonwealth, in the book of his laws, which no City ever yet received, fed his fancie with making many edicts to his ayrie Burgomasters, which they who otherwise admire him wish had been rather buried and excused in the genial cups of an Academick night-sitting.” It is no use, as he further remarks, “to sequester out of the world into Atlantick and Eutopian politics, which never can be drawn into use, and will not mend our condition; but to ordain wisely as in this world of evil.”


Author(s):  
Sarah Martindale

This article revisits the 71st Academy Award Ceremony in 1999 when Shakespeare in Love picked up seven Oscars from thirteen nominations, controversially beating Saving Private Ryan to be named Best Picture. It is rare for a romantic comedy to win this coveted award, but then this is not just a film about love; it is a film about Shakespeare in love. In its depiction of cultural heritage Shakespeare in Love foregrounds ‘the very business of show’, remaking the playwright and his theatre in the image of millennial Hollywood. By reducing the distance between the two, the film makes claims to cultural quality worthy of recognition and reward. Shakespeare in Love reflected and capitalised on taste culture of the time and cemented Miramax's reputation as a purveyor of ‘Oscar-bait’. This article looks closely at a production context of which this film represents an epitome. Peter Biskind has christened the period between Disney’s purchase of Miramax in 1993 and Shakespeare in Love’s Best Picture Oscar as a ‘Golden Age’, in which the company profited from the benefits of being a studio subsidiary while still enjoying the kudos they had cultivated as an indie. Thanks to the financial weight lent by their parent studio, Miramax was able to market and distribute the film widely – it played on nearly two thousand screens in America at the peak of its theatrical run, during Oscar season – and to forcefully promote it among the ranks of the Academy voters. Complementing the authoritative cultural pedigree of the film’s subject matter was Miramax’s own reputation for ‘quality filmmaking’, which the film simultaneously drew upon and sought to perpetuate. In this way Shakespeare in Love offered mainstream studio production and romantic comedy content, while also projecting an aura of superior substance thanks to the connotations of the names Shakespeare and Miramax. Cultural hybridity is at the root of the film’s Oscar-winning success.


A state-of-the-art scientific evidence is provided that supports the need of tourism scholars to adopt a critical approach when evaluating the various aspects of climate change. The extent of uncertainties regarding the subject matter does not allow those who study climate change and tourism to dismiss substantial doubts and counterevidence with the usual response about "consensus" or "climate deniers." Human-induced climate change is a phenomenon not yet well understood, and thus advocating greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for the tourism industry is precipitous and likely to inflict enormous costs and involve serious pitfalls.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf

<p class="ABSTRACT">The purpose of this article is to discuss the humanism approach in Arabic teaching tests. This paper relies on bibliographic sources in the form of books and articles (literature study) that are in a scientific journal related to the subject matter. Reading the data of academics' thinking by using a constructive critical approach and meaningful content with content analysis. Based on studies that have been conducted, teaching tests in the humanist approach must be proportional in measuring each domain that exists in students (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor). The form of tests to measure the domain of cognition can be done by presenting objective tests and description tests. As for the affection domain measurement, it can be done by compiling a Likert scale and semantic different. Meanwhile, to measure the psychomotor domain test can be done in the form of task analysis.</p>


Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Felisardo Cardoso

Os conceitos de gênero e sexo, outrora, eram tidos como vocábulos carregados com o mesmo sentido. Atualmente, no entanto, compreende-se que são duas terminologias com significados distintos. Sexo é entendido, então, como algo relacionado ao biológico, enquanto gênero passa a ser considerado como um fenômeno social. Visto que discussões sobre essa temática vêm ganhando espaço na sociedade, este estudo visa analisar a maneira como dicionários definem ambos os termos. Para isso, objetiva-se especificamente: 1) verificar se os dicionários tratam dos verbetes gênero e sexo dentro de uma perspectiva contemporânea e 2) analisar se as obras tratam os significados desses conceitos dentro da visão de diferenças biológicas e culturais, como compreendidas atualmente. Dessa maneira, foram selecionados sete dicionários de áreas e datas distintas, a título de exemplo, Língua Portuguesa, Sociologia e Análise do Discurso. Por conseguinte, os verbetes sexo e gênero foram analisados, tendo em vista se são significados da forma como são compreendidos no momento atual. Verificou-se que os dicionários de Língua Portuguesa, em sua maioria, conceituam os verbetes analisados ainda de maneira desacertada, tratando gênero e sexo com significações de sentidos semelhantes. Contudo, os dicionários de outras áreas, como o de Sociologia, conceituam gênero e sexo com definições distintas, abrangendo as diferenças sociais e biológicas. Os resultados demonstram que há ainda a necessidade de discussão e de entendimento acerca dos conceitos analisados nos Dicionários, carecendo de um melhor entendimento sobre a significação de sexo e gênero na sociedade. Palavras-chave: Lexicografia. Léxico. Verbetes. AbstractThe concepts of gender and sex, once were seen as words bearing the same meaning. Currently, however, it is understandable that these are two terminologies with distinct meanings. Sex is understood, so far, as something related to Biology, while gender started to be considered a social phenomenon. Seeing that discussions with this subject-matter have been gaining space in our society, this study intends to analyze the way dictionaries define both terms. Therefore, it was specifically aimed to 1) verify if the dictionaries take both of the entries, gender and sex, in a contemporary perspective and 2) analyze if the works deal with the meaning of such concepts inside the view of biological and cultural differences, as currently understood. Thus, seven dictionaries were selected of distinct locations and dates, for instance, Portuguese Language, sociology and speech analysis. Therefore, the entries sex and gender were analyzed, in view of if they are meant in the same way as they are understood nowadays. As results, it was verified that the Portuguese language dictionaries, in their majority, conceptualize the analyzed entries still in a wrongful way, treating gender and sex as meanings of similar sense. Yet, the dictionaries of other areas, like sociology, designate gender and sex with different definitions, reaching the social and biological differences. The outcome shows that there is still the need to discuss and understand the concepts analyzed in dictionaries, lacking a better understandment of the meaning of sex and gender in our society.Keywords: Lexicography. Lexicon. Entries.


2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eucharia N. Nwagbara ◽  
Grace R. Etuk ◽  
Michael Baghebo

Elements ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Georescu

While Catholic virtues should have been the highest moral authority in a society as fervently religious as Spain during its Golden Age, the protection of personal honor steered the moral code in practice. Examining four theatrical works by prominent authors of the period-including Pedro Calderon de la Barca, Ana Caro, Tirso de Molina, and Lope de Vega-reveals double standard implicit in the societal attitude toward lies. Lying in order to uphold reputation was rewarded, while lying for any other reason, such as personal satisfaction, was often punishable by death. It remains uncertain whether authors of the time included this duality in order to reflect their time or to criticize it, but the insight they provide is clear: People were more concerned with maintaining a good opinion in the eyes of their peers than in the eyes of God. This article explores the paradoxical manner in which dishonorable acts were tolerated in order to maintain honor in the Golden Age.


PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.


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