On Systematic Uncertainties in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

Author(s):  
Demetrios Matsakis
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-426
Author(s):  
Vincze Gy. Szasz A.

Phenomena of damped harmonic oscillator is important in the description of the elementary dissipative processes of linear responses in our physical world. Its classical description is clear and understood, however it is not so in the quantum physics, where it also has a basic role. Starting from the Rosen-Chambers restricted variation principle a Hamilton like variation approach to the damped harmonic oscillator will be given. The usual formalisms of classical mechanics, as Lagrangian, Hamiltonian, Poisson brackets, will be covered too. We shall introduce two Poisson brackets. The first one has only mathematical meaning and for the second, the so-called constitutive Poisson brackets, a physical interpretation will be presented. We shall show that only the fundamental constitutive Poisson brackets are not invariant throughout the motion of the damped oscillator, but these show a kind of universal time dependence in the universal time scale of the damped oscillator. The quantum mechanical Poisson brackets and commutation relations belonging to these fundamental time dependent classical brackets will be described. Our objective in this work is giving clearer view to the challenge of the dissipative quantum oscillator.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aris

Paper ini adalah archival research dengan content analysis sebagai metodenya yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dinamika yang terjadi pada kriteria penentuan awal bulan qamariah penanggalan Umm al-Qura Saudi Arabia. Berdasarkan data-data baik yang berupa dokumen atau tulisan anggota komisi supervisor penanggalan Umm al-Qura' dan korespondensi yang dilakukan dengan informan kunci, ditemukan bahwa: Pertama, dinamika kriteria penentuan awal bulan qamariah dalam penanggalan Umm al-Qura' merupakan produk dialog antar tiga kepentingan, yaitu: 1) kepentingan modernisasi birokrasi pemerintahan yang diwakili oleh kerajaan, 2) kepentingan syariat yang diwakili oleh ulama yang berbasis rukyat murni, dan 3) kepentingan ilmiah-astronomis yang diwakili oleh ilmuan di KACST. Dialog antar tiga kepentingan tersebut tidak terjadi sebelum 1393 H karena penanggalan Umm al-Qura' sebelum tahun tersebut merupakan penanggalan bulanan dengan kriteria rukyat. Pasca oil booming dan modernisasi birokrasi pemerintahan, penanggalan berbasis rukyat tidak lagi memadahi. Pemerintah Saudi Arabia membutuhkan sistem organisasi waktu jangka panjang berbasis tahunan. Persoalan ini membawa penanggalan Umm al-Qura' harus merubah kriterianya dari rukyat kepada kriteria hisab astronomis. Dialog antar tiga kepentingan di atas mulai muncul pada 1393 H, ketika Fad}l Ahmad diminta oleh pemerintah Saudi Arabia mengkompilasi penanggalan Umm al-Qura' untuk beberapa tahun ke depan. Fadl Ahmad sebagai seorang astronom menawarkan konjungsi sebelum pukul 00:00 GMT berbasis Universal Time (UT). Pada saat itu, kriteria tawaran Fadl Ahmad bisa diterima oleh para ulama, namun hanya sementara, karena pada tahun 1422 H kriteria penanggalan Umm al-Qura' diganti dengan Moonset after Sunset di Mekah. Ulama menolak dengan tegas penggunaan waktu UT (00:00 GMT) yang mereka anggap sebagai sistem waktu orang kafir, mereka menginginkan waktu Islam, maka waktu Mekah (zona +3) dijadikan sebagai referensinya. Kriteria konjungsi juga diganti karena seringkali hilal baru terlihat satu atau dua hari setelah tanggal yang ditentukan pada penanggalan Umm al-Qura'. Ketidaksinkronan antara penanggalan Umm al-Qura' pada periode kedua ini dengan praktek rukyat di Saudi juga menjadi dasar perubahan tersebut. Pada tahun 1423 H, kriteria penanggalan Umm al-Qura' mengalami perubahan lagi. Konjungsi yang pada periode ketiga (1420 H-1422H) dihilangkan, digunakan lagi. Kriteria penanggalan Umm al-Qura' pada periode ini terdiri dari dua parameter astronomis yaitu konjungsi sebelum Magrib dan Moonset after Sunset di Mekah. Kriteria ini sering disebut dengan wila>dah al-hilal syar’iyyan. Kedua, astronom dalam keanggotaan komisioner memegang peran penting dalam rumusan kriteria penentuan awal bulan dalam penanggalan Umm al-Qura' dalam setiap periode perkembangannya.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseline Rosales-Cabara ◽  
Giovanni Manfredi ◽  
Gabriel Schnoering ◽  
Paul-Antoine Hervieux ◽  
Laurent Mertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Haisch ◽  
Amando Hala

Abstract We estimate the form factors that parametrise the hadronic matrix elements of proton-to-pion transitions with the help of light-cone sum rules. These form factors are relevant for semi-leptonic proton decay channels induced by baryon-number violating dimension-six operators, as typically studied in the context of grand unified theories. We calculate the form factors in a kinematical regime where the momentum transfer from the proton to the pion is space-like and extrapolate our final results to the regime that is relevant for proton decay. In this way, we obtain estimates for the form factors that show agreement with the state-of-the-art calculations in lattice QCD, if systematic uncertainties are taken into account. Our work is a first step towards calculating more involved proton decay channels where lattice QCD results are not available at present.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1739 ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
Hongbing Cai ◽  
Jingsong Xu ◽  
Shaojie Chen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nowak ◽  
A.F. Żarnecki

Abstract One of the important goals at the future e+e− colliders is to measure the top-quark mass and width in a scan of the pair production threshold. However, the shape of the pair-production cross section at the threshold depends also on other model parameters, as the top Yukawa coupling, and the measurement is a subject to many systematic uncertainties. Presented in this work is the study of the top-quark mass determination from the threshold scan at CLIC. The most general approach is used with all relevant model parameters and selected systematic uncertainties included in the fit procedure. Expected constraints from other measurements are also taken into account. It is demonstrated that the top-quark mass can be extracted with precision of the order of 30 to 40 MeV, including considered systematic uncertainties, already for 100 fb−1 of data collected at the threshold. Additional improvement is possible, if the running scenario is optimised. With the optimisation procedure based on the genetic algorithm the statistical uncertainty of the mass measurement can be reduced by about 20%. Influence of the collider luminosity spectra on the expected precision of the measurement is also studied.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baobiao Yue ◽  
Jiajun Liao ◽  
Jiajie Ling

Abstract Neutrino magnetic moment (νMM) is an important property of massive neutrinos. The recent anomalous excess at few keV electronic recoils observed by the XENON1T collaboration might indicate a ∼ 2.2 × 10−11μB effective neutrino magnetic moment ($$ {\mu}_{\nu}^{\mathrm{eff}} $$ μ ν eff ) from solar neutrinos. Therefore, it is essential to carry out the νMM searches at a different experiment to confirm or exclude such a hypothesis. We study the feasibility of doing νMM measurement with 4 kton fiducial mass at Jinping neutrino experiment (Jinping) using electron recoil data from both natural and artificial neutrino sources. The sensitivity of $$ {\mu}_{\nu}^{\mathrm{eff}} $$ μ ν eff can reach < 1.2 × 10−11μB at 90% C.L. with 10-year data taking of solar neutrinos. Besides the abundance of the intrinsic low energy background 14C and 85Kr in the liquid scintillator, we find the sensitivity to νMM is highly correlated with the systematic uncertainties of pp and 85Kr. Reducing systematic uncertainties (pp and 85Kr) and the intrinsic background (14C and 85Kr) can help to improve sensitivities below these levels and reach the region of astrophysical interest. With a 3 mega-Curie (MCi) artificial neutrino source 51Cr installed at Jinping neutrino detector for 55 days, it could give us a sensitivity to the electron neutrino magnetic moment ($$ {\mu}_{\nu_e} $$ μ ν e ) with < 1.1 × 10−11μB at 90% C.L. . With the combination of those two measurements, the flavor structure of the neutrino magnetic moment can be also probed at Jinping.


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