Neutrino interaction measurements with the MicroBooNE and ArgoNeuT liquid argon time projection chambers

Precise modeling of neutrino interactions on argon is crucial for the success of future experiments such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program, which will use liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) technology. Argon is a large nucleus, and nuclear effects—both on the initial and final-state particles in the interaction—are expected to be large in neutrino–argon interactions. Therefore, measurements of neutrino scattering cross sections on argon will be of particular importance to future DUNE and SBN oscillation measurements. This article presents a review of neutrino–argon interaction measurements from the MicroBooNE and ArgoNeuT collaborations, using two LArTPC detectors that have collected data in the NuMI and Booster Neutrino Beams at Fermilab. Measurements are presented of charged-current muon neutrino scattering in the inclusive channel, the ‘0$$\pi $$ π ’ channel (in which no pions but some number of protons may be produced), and single pion production (including production of both charged and neutral pions). Measurements of electron neutrino scattering are presented in the form of $$\nu _e+\bar{\nu }_e$$ ν e + ν ¯ e inclusive scattering cross sections.

Ordinary Versus Novel Particle With the Example of Their Spontaneous Transition

The bicubic equation of particle limiting velocity formalism yields three solutions c1, c2 and c3, (primary, secondary and tertiary) limiting velocities in terms of the congruent parameter  which is defined in terms of m, v, and E, respectively being particle mass, velocity and energy. The bicubic equation discriminant D is given in terms of the congruent parameter z(m). When one has z2(m) ≤ 1 with the discriminant satisfying D ≤ 0 then we are talking about limiting velocities of ordinary particles. Good examples are the relativistic particles such as electron, neutrino,etc., with luminal limiting velocity c3 = c and calculated superluminal c2, and imaginary superluminal c1, all corresponding to the real particle energy. On the specific level, the situations like these, we discuss in the muon neutrino velocities with the OPERA detector and the electron velocities from the 2010 Grab Nebula Flare. The z(m) = 1 value separates the ordinary particles from novel particles, associated with D ⪰ 0 and z2 ⪰ 1 with new novel particle limiting velocity solutions c1, c2 and c3 which depend, in addition to z(m), also on the congruent angle α(m), nonlinearly related to z(m). These solutions are discussed on the newly defined sterile neutrino which here is modeled as an ordinary particle with z2 ⪯ 1 spontaneously transiting via z(m) = 1 into the modeled novel sterile neutrino with z2 ⪰ 1. All ordinary and novel particles limiting velocities carry real particle energies; the ordinary particle limiting velocity solutions being in quadratic forms, while the novel particle limiting velocity solutions being respectively, in quadratic complex form, linear complex form, and just congruent angle α complex quadratic form.

Neutrons magnetic Mass

In Quantum Physics, the Spin of an elementary particle is defined to be an intrinsic,inherent property. The same to the magnetic moment (μ) due to the spin of chargedparticles - like Electron (me) and Proton (mp). So the intrinsic spin (S=1/2h-bar) of theelectron entails a magnetic moment because of charge (e). However, a magnetic momentof a charged particle can also be generated by a circular motion (due to spin) of anelectric charge (e), forming a current. Hence the orbital motion (of charge around a massnucleus)generates a magnetic moment by Ampère’s law. This concept must lead to analternative way calculating the neutrino mass (mν) while looking at the beta decay of aneutron into fragments: proton, electron, neutrino and corresponding kinetic energies. Thechange of neutrons magnetic moment (μn) during the decay process is a fact based onenergy and spin and charge conservation, so should allow to calculate the restmass ofthe charge-less neutrino due to a significant change of: μe= -9.2847647043(28)E-24J/Tdown to μev= -9.2847592533(28)E-24J/T (while assuming mv=0.30eV to be absorbed and if(g-2)/2 from QED remains constant). As always the last word has the experiment.

In the footsteps of Einstein end Wiener

To date the recognition of universal, a priori inherent in them connection between the objects of the world around us is quite rightly considered almost an accomplished fact. But on what laws do these or those sometimes rather variegated systems function in live and inert nature (including - in modern computer clusters)? Where are the origins of their self-organization activity lurked: whether at the level of still hypothetical quantum-molecular models, finite bio-automata or hugely fashionable now artificial neural networks? Answers to all these questions if perhaps will ever appear then certainly not soon. That is why the bold innovative developments presented in following article are capable in something, possibly, even to refresh the database of informatics so familiar to many of us. And moreover, in principle, the pivotal idea developed here, frankly speaking, is quite simple in itself: if, for example, the laws of the universe are one, then all the characteristic differences between any evolving objects should be determined by their outwardly-hidden informative (or, according to author’s terminology - “mental") rationale. By the way, these are not at all empty words, as it might seem at first glance, because they are fully, where possible, supported with the generally accepted physical & mathematical foundation here. So as a result, the reader by himself comes sooner or later to the inevitable conclusion, to wit: only the smallest electron-neutrino ensembles contain everything the most valuable and meaningful for any natural system! At that even no matter, what namely global outlook paradigm we here hold

Neutrons magnetic Mass

In Quantum Physics the Spin of an elementary particle is defined to be an „intrinsic, inherent“ property. The same to the magnetic moment (μ) due to the spin of charged particles - like Electron (me) and Proton (mp). So the intrinsic spin (S=1/2h-bar) of the electron entails a magnetic moment because of charge (e). However, a magnetic moment of a charged particle can also be generated by a circular motion (due to spin) of an electric charge (e), forming a current. Hence the „orbital motion of charge“ around a „mass-nucleus“ generates a magnetic moment by Ampère’s law. This concept leads to an alternative way calculating the neutrino mass (mν) while discussing the beta decay of a neutron into fragments: proton, electron, neutrino and binding energy. The change of neutrons magnetic moment (μn) during the decay process based on energy and spin and charge conservation should allow to calculate the restmass of the neutrino. (KATRIN <1.1eV (2019) about 0.2eV (2021). Estimation from μn: 0.10(20)eV (2020).

Sterile Neutrinos with Neutrino Telescopes

Searches for light sterile neutrinos are motivated by the unexpected observation of an electron neutrino appearance in short-baseline experiments, such as the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) and the Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE). In light of these unexpected results, a campaign using natural and anthropogenic sources to find the light (mass-squared-difference around 1 eV2) sterile neutrinos is underway. Among the natural sources, atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique gateway to search for sterile neutrinos due to the broad range of baseline-to-energy ratios, L/E, and the presence of significant matter effects. Since the atmospheric neutrino flux rapidly falls with energy, studying its highest energy component requires gigaton-scale neutrino detectors. These detectors—often known as neutrino telescopes since they are designed to observe tiny astrophysical neutrino fluxes—have been used to perform searches for light sterile neutrinos, and researchers have found no significant signal to date. This brief review summarizes the current status of searches for light sterile neutrinos with neutrino telescopes deployed in solid and liquid water.

Neutrons magnetic Mass

In Quantum Physics the Spin of an elementary particle is defined to be an „intrinsic, inherent“ property. The same to the magnetic moment (μ) due to the spin of charged particles - like Electron (me) and Proton (mp). So the intrinsic spin (S=1/2h-bar) of the electron entails a magnetic moment because of charge (e). However, a magnetic moment of a charged particle can also be generated by a circular motion (due to spin) of an electric charge (e), forming a current. Hence the „orbital motion of charge“ around a „mass-nucleus“ generates a magnetic moment by Ampère’s law. This concept leads to an alternative way calculating the neutrino mass (mν) while discussing the beta decay of a neutron into fragments: proton, electron, neutrino and binding Energy. The change of neutrons magnetic moment during the decay process based on energy and spin and charge conservation allows to calculate the restmass of the neutrino: mν = 0.10(20)eV.

Data reduction for a calorimetrically measured $$^{163}\mathrm {Ho}$$ spectrum of the ECHo-1k experiment

The electron capture in $$^{163}\mathrm {Ho}$$ 163 Ho experiment (ECHo) is designed to directly measure the effective electron neutrino mass by analysing the endpoint region of the $$^{163}\mathrm {Ho}$$ 163 Ho electron capture spectrum. We present a data reduction scheme for the analysis of high statistics data acquired with the first phase of the ECHo experiment, ECHo-1k, to reliably infer the energy of $$^{163}\mathrm {Ho}$$ 163 Ho events and discard triggered noise or pile-up events. On a first level, the raw data is filtered purely based on the trigger time information of the acquired signals. On a second level, the time profile of each triggered event is analysed to identify the signals corresponding to a single energy deposition in the detector. We demonstrate that events not belonging to this category are discarded with an efficiency above 99.8%, with a minimal loss of $$^{163}\mathrm {Ho}$$ 163 Ho events of about 0.7%. While the filter using the trigger time information is completely energy independent, a slight energy dependence of the filter based on the time profile is precisely characterised. This data reduction protocol will be important to minimise systematic errors in the analysis of the $$^{163}\mathrm {Ho}$$ 163 Ho spectrum for the determination of the effective electron neutrino mass.