The Use of Self-Information and Environment in Counseling Process

Counseling as one of the forms and techniques of assistance provided by schools in the context of implementing overall guidance, this is given to help students in their efforts to solve all problems. The availability of this information makes it easy for students to obtain the information needed for example to implement a decision, want to know about something both in terms of themselves and their environment. The use of self and environmental information in the counseling process occurs in the creation of rapport, in exploring, discovering the real problem, exploring and studying alternative problem solving, decision making, implementation of decisions taken and in evaluation and follow-up. Therefore the information used must meet the requirements: that is, careful and not prejudiced, up to date, comprehensive and available information sources. In addition to the above conditions, the principles of time saving, non-authoritarian and feedback are also taken into account, so that this can cause self and environmental information in the counseling process to be very important material for both the counselor and the client.

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KAJIAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI KUANTITATIF SISWA SMA 8 KOTA BENGKULU

Jurnal Pengabdi ◽

10.26418/jplp2km.v2i1.31487 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Siska Yosmar ◽

Nur Afandi ◽

Baki Swita

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Literacy Skills ◽

Quantitative Literacy ◽

Mathematical Literacy ◽

Mathematical Concepts ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Absolute Requirement ◽

Almost All

Quantitative literacy is the ability and confidence in using basic mathematical concepts and calculating operations needed for problem solving, decision making of economic problems and their applications in everyday life. Mastery of basic mathematics is an absolute requirement for achieving good quantitative literacy skills. The aim of this activity was to improve mathematical literacy skills of the students at SMA 8 Bengkulu City. The activities were begun by giving pre-tests to students, preparing of modules, presenting the materials of the modules in classroom, practicing through LKS and post-tests. Several techniques, methods and approaches in number counting operations have been presented in this activity. This activity has provided an increase in quantitative literacy skills in class XI IIS-1 SMA 8 Kota Bengkulu. Even so, the improvement of students' abilities can be said to be less optimal because there are still some questions that cannot be answered by almost all students. Therefore, cooperation and involvement of all parties is needed to improve students' quantitative literacy skills and follow-up activities in an effort to strengthen quantitative literacy skills.

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Some reasons why evidence from educational research is not particularly popular among (pre-service) teachers: A discussion

Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie ◽

10.1024/1010-0652/a000311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (2-3) ◽

pp. 209-214

Author(s):

Frank Fischer

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Teacher Education ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Educational Research ◽

Information Sources ◽

Research Evidence ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Special Issue ◽

The Individual

Abstract. This discussion first highlights novel aspects that the individual articles contribute to the special issue on (future) teachers' choice, use, and evaluation of (non-)scientific information sources about educational topics. Among these highlights are the conceptualizations of epistemic goals and the type of pedagogical task as moderators of the selection and use of scientific evidence. The second part raises overarching questions, including the following: How inclusive do we want the concept of evidence to be? How should teachers use research evidence in their pedagogical problem-solving and decision-making? To what extent is multidisciplinary teacher education contributing to epistemological confusion, possibly leading to (pre-service) teachers' low appreciation of educational research?

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Promoting Problem-Posing Explorations

Teaching Children Mathematics ◽

10.5951/tcm.11.4.0180 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 180-186

Author(s):

Phyllis Whitin

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Fourth Grade ◽

Problem Posing ◽

Geometric Problem ◽

Good Opportunity ◽

Limited Experience ◽

Fixed Area ◽

Curricular Decision Making

My fourth-grade class had just completed an exploration of pentominoes (polygonal shapes with an area of five square units). Finding all twelve shapes gives children valuable geometric problem-solving practice by highlighting transformations (flips, slides, and turns) and congruence (shapes can be differently oriented, yet congruent). Before moving on to another lesson, I realized that the students might use the same twelve shapes to examine perimeter and area. Eleven of the shapes have a perimeter of twelve units. Only one shape yields a different perimeter, ten units (see fig. 1). The children had limited experience with perimeter and area; I doubted that they understood that shapes with a fixed area could have perimeters of different lengths. Because they were so familiar with the pentominoes, I felt that this material would give them a good opportunity to address these concepts in more detail. Although I did expect them to calculate the perimeters and areas of the twelve shapes, I did not foresee that the children's follow-up discussion would open an opportunity for problem-posing explorations. This article describes my evolving curricular decision making, the children's investigations, and what I learned from this unanticipated experience.

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A New Hybrid Possibilistic-Probabilistic Decision-Making Scheme for Classification

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e23010067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Basel Solaiman ◽

Didier Guériot ◽

Shaban Almouahed ◽

Bassem Alsahwa ◽

Éloi Bossé

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Sources ◽

Epistemic Uncertainty ◽

Soft Information ◽

Aleatory Uncertainty ◽

Real World Applications ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Available Information ◽

Probabilistic Nature ◽

Probabilistic Type

Uncertainty is at the heart of decision-making processes in most real-world applications. Uncertainty can be broadly categorized into two types: aleatory and epistemic. Aleatory uncertainty describes the variability in the physical system where sensors provide information (hard) of a probabilistic type. Epistemic uncertainty appears when the information is incomplete or vague such as judgments or human expert appreciations in linguistic form. Linguistic information (soft) typically introduces a possibilistic type of uncertainty. This paper is concerned with the problem of classification where the available information, concerning the observed features, may be of a probabilistic nature for some features, and of a possibilistic nature for some others. In this configuration, most encountered studies transform one of the two information types into the other form, and then apply either classical Bayesian-based or possibilistic-based decision-making criteria. In this paper, a new hybrid decision-making scheme is proposed for classification when hard and soft information sources are present. A new Possibilistic Maximum Likelihood (PML) criterion is introduced to improve classification rates compared to a classical approach using only information from hard sources. The proposed PML allows to jointly exploit both probabilistic and possibilistic sources within the same probabilistic decision-making framework, without imposing to convert the possibilistic sources into probabilistic ones, and vice versa.

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Problem Solving

Art & Science in the Choral Rehearsal ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190863760.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Sharon J. Paul

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Collaborative Problem Solving ◽

Socratic Method ◽

Collaborative Problem ◽

Autonomous Decision ◽

Natural Tendency ◽

Rehearsal Strategies ◽

Tuning Forks

This chapter examines how to design rehearsal strategies that take advantage of the brain’s natural tendency to learn efficiently through problem solving. After a brief discussion of the science of learning, this chapter offers pragmatic exercises and ideas to increase singer engagement through the embedding of problem solving throughout the rehearsal process. Areas explored include how to begin rehearsal with a problem to solve, encouraging autonomous decision-making from your singers, experimentation with tuning forks, and teaching your students to self-monitor. It also looks at ways to allow for singer analysis and experimentation, create provisions for follow up, incorporate reflective exercises, use the Socratic method, and utilize collaborative problem-solving techniques in rehearsal.

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A Social-Cognitive Educational Protocol for Parents with Adolescents at Risk of Substance Use: Impact on Adolescents' Life Skill

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.18502/ijps.v16i3.6255 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Gharaati Sotoudeh ◽

Masoud Aref Nazari ◽

Malek Mirhashemi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

At Risk ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Substance Use ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Life Skills ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Self Control ◽

The Mean

Objective: The aim of this study was to instruct social cognitive protocol based on life skills and parenting skills to parents with teenagers at substance use risk and also to investigate its effectiveness among teenagers. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up approach with a group in 3 stages of measurement. The statistical population included 70 adolescents at risk of substance abuse who were selected using the available sampling method. The survey consisted of 40 questions about adolescents' life skills in four subscales of self-control skills, assertiveness and saying no skills, decision-making skills, and problem-solving skills, and the reliability of the entire questionnaire was estimated to be 0.98 using the Cronbach's alpha method. In this study, adolescents were first given a test, and after two weeks, their parents learned the social cognitive protocol over a 12-week period and were asked to impart these skills to their adolescents at home. After that, the adolescents gave the same test after the intervention (posttest). Two months after the posttest, the follow-up test was performed without any training. Results: Comparison of the mean of the three stages of measurement showed that the effect of the overall life skills score, according to the value of Wilkes Lambda multivariate test (0.666) with degrees of freedom two and 40, can be rejected as a null hypothesis (P <0.01). In addition, in the subscales of decision-making skills (0.781), problem-solving (0.688), and self-control (0.816), the mean score of the participants in the three measurements was simultaneously different; and in the follow-up stage, the scores were significantly different than the pretest. However, in terms of assertiveness and the skill of saying no, the scores did not differ simultaneously in the three measurements (0.986). Conclusion: These scores show that teaching social cognitive protocol to parents of adolescents who are at risk of substance abuse is effective.

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Smart Agent and it’s effect on Artificial Intelligence : A Review Study

ICONTECH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ◽

10.46291/icontechvol5iss4pp1-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Renas Rajab Asaad ◽

Veman Ashqi Saeed ◽

Revink Masud Abdulhakim

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Decision Support ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Information Sources ◽

Software Agents ◽

Information Filtering ◽

The Internet ◽

Intelligent Software ◽

Intelligent Software Agents ◽

Use Of The Internet

Current networking technologies, as well as the ready availability of large quantities of data and knowledge on the Internet-based Infosphere, offer tremendous opportunities for providing more abundant and reliable information to decision makers and decision support systems. The use of the Internet has increased at a breakneck pace. Some prevailing features of the Infosphere, however, have hindered successful use of the Internet by humans or decision support machine systems. To begin with, the information available on the internet is disorganized, multi-modal, and spread around the globe on server pages. Second, every day, the number and variety of data sources and services grows dramatically. In addition, the availability, type, and dependability of information services are all changing all the time. Third, the same piece of knowledge can be obtained from a number of different sources. Fourth, due to the complex existence of information sources and possible information updating and maintenance issues, information is vague and probably incorrect. As a result, collecting, filtering, evaluating, and using information in problem solving is becoming increasingly difficult for a human or computer device. As a consequence, identifying information sources, accessing, filtering, and incorporating data in support of decision-making, as well as managing information retrieval and problem-solving efforts of information sources and decision-making processes, has become a critical challenge. To fix this issue, the idea of "Intelligent Software Agents" has been suggested. Although a precise definition of an intelligent agent is still a work in progress, the current working definition is that Intelligent Software Agents are programs that act on behalf of their human users to perform laborious information gathering tasks such as locating and accessing information from various on-line information sources, resolving inconsistencies in the retrieved information, filtering out irrelevant data.

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