scholarly journals Digital long-term preservation in Albania, determining the right file formats

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardiana Topi ◽  
Aleksandër Xhuvani
Keyword(s):  
File Formats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Long Term Preservation

scholarly journals Lost in migration: document quality for batch conversion to PDF/A

2018 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Erwin Suri ◽  
Mohamed El-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Batch Processing ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Adobe Acrobat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Text Document ◽  
File Formats ◽  
Long Term Preservation

PurposeChanges in file format specifications challenge long-term preservation of digital documents. Digital archives thus often focus on specific file formats that are well suited for long-term preservation, such as the PDF/A format. Since only few customers submit PDF/A files, digital archives may consider converting submitted files to the PDF/A format. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe authors evaluated three software tools for batch conversion of common file formats to PDF/A-1b: LuraTech PDF Compressor, Adobe Acrobat XI Pro and 3-HeightsTMDocument Converter by PDF Tools. The test set consisted of 80 files, with 10 files each of the eight file types JPEG, MS PowerPoint, PDF, PNG, MS Word, MS Excel, MSG and “web page.”FindingsBatch processing was sometimes hindered by stops that required manual interference. Depending on the software tool, three to four of these stops occurred during batch processing of the 80 test files. Furthermore, the conversion tools sometimes failed to produce output files even for supported file formats: three (Adobe Pro) up to seven (LuraTech and 3-HeightsTM) PDF/A-1b files were not produced. Since Adobe Pro does not convert e-mails, a total of 213 PDF/A-1b files were produced. The faithfulness of each conversion was investigated by comparing the visual appearance of the input document with that of the produced PDF/A-1b document on a computer screen. Meticulous visual inspection revealed that the conversion to PDF/A-1b impaired the information content in 24 of the converted 213 files (11 percent). These reproducibility errors included loss of links, loss of other document content (unreadable characters, missing text, document part missing), updated fields (reflecting time and folder of conversion), vector graphics issues and spelling errors.Originality/valueThese results indicate that large-scale batch conversions of heterogeneous files to PDF/A-1b cause complex issues that need to be addressed for each individual file. Even with considerable efforts, some information loss seems unavoidable if large numbers of files from heterogeneous sources are migrated to the PDF/A-1b format.

scholarly journals Government to Business E-Services – Accountability and Trust

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Stančić ◽  
Tomislav Ivanjko ◽  
Ana Garic
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Services Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Eu

The authors divide their research in several phases. First, they conduct a literature review in order to identify relevant studies and theoretical papers covering the topic of governmental e-services. Then, they conduct an environmental scan in order to identify relevant governmental e-services in the EU countries. Further, the authors focus their research on eight European countries and conduct a deeper analysis of the implemented Government to Business (G2B) e-services. Research is centered on the eight G2B e-services. The identified e-services are firstly ranked according to their maturity level, and then analysed by using a developed questionnaire. The aim was to systematically collect enough information on the e-services in order to be able to conclude if the users may consider an e-service as responsible, reliable, accurate, secure, transparent and trustworthy as well as to conclude if an e-service addresses privacy issues, duties to remember, and the right to be forgotten. The comparative analysis of the identified G2B e-services in the eight European countries identifies weak spots of e-services and points them out in order for them to be improved. The identified gaps refer to the long-term service continuity plans, policies giving information on storage and preservation methods, long-term preservation of digitally signed records, use of clients’ data etc. One of the by-products of this research is a check list which can be used by the users of e-services as guidance for establishing trust in an e-service they (intend to) use but it also can be used as guidelines by e-service providers. The authors conclude that not only the comparative study provides an insight into the state of development of G2B e-services in the investigated countries but it also reveals the areas of possible improvements in the context of establishing accountability and trust in governmental e-services in general.

An analysis of file format control in institutional repositories

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Termens ◽  
Mireia Ribera ◽  
Anita Locher
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
File Formats ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Metadata Harvesting ◽  
Open Archives ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Open Archives Initiative

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the file formats of the digital objects stored in two of the largest open-access repositories in Spain, DDUB and TDX, and determines the implications of these formats for long-term preservation, focussing in particular on the different versions of PDF. Design/methodology/approach – To be able to study the two repositories, the authors harvested all the files corresponding to every digital object and some of their associated metadata using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) and Open Archives Initiative Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) protocols. The file formats were analyzed with DROID software and some additional tools. Findings – The results show that there is no alignment between the preservation policies declared by institutions, the technical tools available, and the actual stored files. Originality/value – The results show that file controls currently applied to institutional repositories do not suffice to grant their stated mission of long-term preservation of scientific literature.

Long-term Preservation and Archival File Formats: Concepts and solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Peter Fornaro ◽  
Lukas Rosenthaler
Keyword(s):  
File Formats ◽  
Long Term Preservation

scholarly journals Examining Attributes of Open Standard File Formats for Long-term Preservation and Open Access

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun G Park ◽  
Sam Oh
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
File Format ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
File Formats ◽  
Open Standard ◽  
Standard File Format ◽  
Long Term Preservation

This study examines the attributes that have been used to assess file formats in literature and compiles the most frequently used attributes of file formats in order to establish open standard file format selection criteria.  A comprehensive review was undertaken to identify the current knowledge regarding file format selection criteria. The findings indicate that the most common criteria can be categorized into five major groups: functionality, metadata, openness, interoperability and independence. These attributes appear to be closely related. Additional attributes include presentation, authenticity, adoption, protection, preservation, reference and others. 

Problems of treatment of primary openangle glaucoma in combination with thrombosis of the central retinal vein

GlaucomaNews ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
T.E. Lipatkina ◽  
◽  
Е.V. Karlova ◽  
A.V. Zolotarev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Retinal Edema ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ophthalmic hypertension have an increased likelihood of developing occlusions (thrombosis) of the central retinal vein. Different groups of antihypertensive drugs differ in their mechanism of action and may affect concomitant ocular pathology, in particular, retinal edema, which occurs, for example, in occlusion of the central retinal vein. Used in most patients with glaucoma, prostaglandin analogs can contribute to the long-term preservation of macular edema due to the effect on the permeability of the vascular wall. Preparations of other pharmacological groups, reducing the production of aqueous humor, on the contrary, may contribute to its regression. Therefore, the question of choosing a drug for antihypertensive therapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and concomitant macular edema is relevant and is for further study.

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