scholarly journals Opportunities to craftsmanship education in the late 1800s under the Industrial Code of 1884

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Kanczné Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

The study explores the possibilities of becoming an industrialist by examining an industrial law published in the second half of the 19th century. It focuses on the process of children and young people becoming industrialists. It shows what conditions and permits were needed to start the industry. It highlights the rules that have played a role in educating apprentices. From the analysis, we can form a picture of the contemporary process of becoming an apprentice, the life of the child, the circumstances of their schooling. The range of professions available in the late 1800s is also presented. At the same time, the spirit of the law, its values, and its commitment to the development of industry are outlined.

scholarly journals Książka popularnonaukowa dla dzieci i młodzieży w oczach krytyków — rekonesans badawczy

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 247-269
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wandel
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
Science Book ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
The 19Th Century

POPULAR SCIENCE BOOK FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS IN THE EYES OF CRITICS — A RESEARCH RECONNAISSANCEThe aim of the article is to determine the position of popular science books for children and young people in Polish literary criticism and book studies, and to specify the terminology used by scholars. Opinions about such books have been formulated by theorists and practitioners of children’s books since the 19th century, with the criteria of their assessment changing in accordance with the current literary fashions and trends in pedagogy. Critics’ interest in such works was strong until the end of the 19th century, when books for children were expected mainly to serve utilitarian purposes. The phenomenon intensified especially in the era of positivism; among the most enthusiastic advocates of popular science books were Adolf Dygasiński and the co-editor of Bluszcz Maria Ilnicka. The stature of popular science books is also evidenced by the fact that their titles often appeared in recommended bibliographies at the time. A later change in the perception of the tasks of literature for the youngest readers diminished the critics’ interest in such works. In addition, there was a growing rift between literary criticism and pedagogical-library criticism. In communist Poland the perception of popular science books was also affected by the promotion of works not suited to the expectations and needs of the readers. Today, the stature of popular science books rises with their market success and innovative projects in the area. That is why there are numerous reviews of such works in professional journals Guliwer, Nowe Książki, Świat Książki Dziecięcej etc. and websites Mądre książki, 10 książek: na start do nauki etc. as well as studies devoted to the history and evolution in the content and editorial form of such publications, and their usefulness in the teaching and self-education of young readers.

On the Rate of Mortality Prevailing amongst the Families of the Peerage during the 19th Century

1861 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 305-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Hutcheson Bailey ◽  
Archibald Day
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

In a note in the introduction to Milne's Treatise on Annuities, the author remarks—“There can, I think, be no doubt but that the mortality is greater among the higher than the middle classes of society. They form too small a proportion of the population to have any sensible effect here; but it would be of importance to the Life Offices to determine the law of mortality among them.” Since the publication of this work, forty-six years ago, some attempts have been made to test the accuracy of this assertion, and to supply the desideratum; but none with which we are acquainted are by any means conclusive.

scholarly journals Seasonality in Multiple Maternities

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Fellman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Correct Association

In the 19th century, a series of international statistical congresses introduced common rules for the national demographic registers. This activity contributed to the genesis of statistical research. During the history of twin research, Hellin's law has played a central role because it is an approximately correct association between the rates of multiple maternities. However, it has been mathematically proven that Hellin's law cannot hold exactly. The majority of all studies of Hellin's law are based on empirical rates of multiple maternities. Such studies can never confirm the law, but only identify errors too large to be characterized as random. It is of particular interest to examine why the rates of higher multiple maternities are sometimes too high or too low when Hellin's law is used as a benchmark. However, divergences from the law are often difficult to explain and/or eliminate. Different improvements to the law have been proposed. In this article, we study the seasonality of multiple maternities. We apply Hellin's law to compare the seasonality of twin and triplet rates.

scholarly journals Reformatorskie koncepcje działań oświatowych i opiekuńczo- -wychowawczych wobec dzieci zaniedbanych w Królestwie Polskim na przełomie XIX i XX wieku na tle rozwiązań europejskich

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Aneta Bołdyrew
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
National Society ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Tragic Consequence ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Socially Maladjusted ◽  
The 19Th Century

Reformative Concepts of Education and Protective Activities Toward Neglected Children in the Kingdom of Poland at the Turn of the XIX-th Century in Comparison with European SolutionsAfter the January Uprising in the Kingdom of Poland, across half of the following century, industrial development was mostly connected with social reforms. One tragic consequence of it was the increase in the number of children without parental protection, juvenile beggars, tramps, young criminals and prostitutes. During the last thirty years of the 19th century it became a priority in the Kingdom of Poland to pay attention to the education and protection of children and teenagers from the poorest families. Numerous innovative and educational concepts were formulated at that time; some of them were used in centres for socially maladjusted young people, for instance in Studzieniec, Mariańska Wilderness or Struga, in centres for young prostitutes. The activity of educational centres and societies which organised the protection of children  (for example, The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children) was given as an example.

scholarly journals Land Politics in Hungary between the Two World Wars

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Peres
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Land Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

Land Politics in Hungary between the Two World Wars The paper discusses the Hungarian legislation that regulated the ownership referring to real property in the period between the World Wars. The discussion included also the review of the law on colonization and division of the land, as well as the law on bank loans offered to those who were professionally engaged in farming. In addition, the authoress made an analysis of the archaic institution of fideicomissum. While depicting the background of legislative efforts of the time, the authoress recalled the developments that took place prior to the discussed changes in the ownership relationships. Therefore she discussed also the 19th century reforms that abolished serfdom and serf labour, introduced the land and mortgage register etc.

scholarly journals A Group Portrait of the Sophists

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1033
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to a major change of meaning of the word "sophist" (σοφιστής) in the testimonies of ancient authors. Initially term “sophist” was applied to various groups of people - poets, rhapsodes, sages and legislators were called sophists, it was synonymous with the word "sage" (σοφός). But in the middle of the 5th century it was used to refer only to the teachers of virtue and rhetoric, which appeared in Greece and began to call themselves sophists following Protagoras. Most or all of the fifth-century sophists tend to require a fee, to travel from city to city, to educate young people, promising to teach virtue and rhetoric. The influence of Plato in determination and evaluation of the sophists played a decisive role. In his dialogues, Plato calls Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias and others as sophists. Besides that, Plato gave the word σοφιστής all well-known negative connotations, among them a liar and a charlatan. Negative assessments of the activities of the sophists persisted until the middle of the 19th century, until the English historian of Antiquity George Grote began a long process of their rehabilitation.

scholarly journals EDWARDA MUSZALSKIEGO KONCEPCJA NARODOWEGO PRAWA CYWILNEGO

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Ewa Kozerska ◽  
Tomasz Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

Edward Muszalski’s Idea of National Private LawSummary The paper presents the views of Polish lawyer Edward Muszalski on the state of private law in Europe and Poland of the interwar period and his proposals for changes. Muszalski assumed that the law was shaped by two schools of thought : liberal and socialist. In the 18th and 19th century the liberal school dominated, the result of which was the creation of the Napoleonic Code and the BGB. In the 19th century, socialism also influenced the law, which resulted in the creation of labor legislation and trade unions. In the 20th century, the bad qualities of both schools came together in the law of the Soviet Union. However it was possible to combine the good qualities of liberal and socialist law by assuming that the fundamental category of private law is the nation. According to Muszalski, national private law assumes, among others, the dominance of common law over statues, limitation of property rights, strengthening of family stability, limiting rights of will making and abandoning the principle of the will of the parties as the basis for interpreting contracts. Attempts to create national private law were made in Germany under the rule of Hitler and in Italy under the rule of Mussolini. However in both cases full-range law reforms failed, and in both countries private law remains liberal.

Neurodisability and trauma in children and young people in contact with the law

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-109
Author(s):  
Huw Williams ◽  
Leigh Schrieff ◽  
Nathan Hughes ◽  
James Tonks ◽  
Prathiba Chitsabesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Law
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