scholarly journals History of Thai maritime trade

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. Proof
Author(s):  
Somchart Krailassuwan
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

The Thai commercial fleet can carry about 10% of the volume of imports and exports. History of  Thai maritime trade is divided into 1) Sukhothai period era  2) Ayutthaya and Thonburi period 3) Rattanakosin period 4) The first of the national fleet period. .Sukhothai period era  trade with various foreign countries. In the King Ramkhamhaeng era is a prosperous.. 1) The Gulf of Thailand trade with China 2) Trade on the Andaman sea is a merchant ship from India. Ayutthaya and Thonburi period. Traders of various nationalities come to trade. The Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea) and the Indian Ocean. Trading in Ayutthaya is a monopoly trade, operated by monarchs and noblemen.Rattanakosin period Thailand entered into a Treaty of Burney, the outcome of the agreement was that the country had to cancel its monopoly trade and the end of trade by the government. The growth of the trade has increased. The production structure from the old to be self-transformed into production for export. The first of the national fleet period 1918 - 1925 After the First World War I King Rama VI established a Thai merchant fleet in April 1918, the name of Siam Commercial Maritime Company Limited. It was terminated in 1925. On June 22, 1940, the cabinet approved the establishment of Thai Maritime Navigation Company Limited for international maritime shipping. The The cabinet was terminated in 2011 .The role of Thai National Maritime Navigation.The merchant fleet were not growing. Because lack of and thai merchant fleet too small, there was a lack of negotiating power with the foreign merchant fleet. The government must set up a policy to promote the merchant  fleet.

Ontogenetic variation in diet and habitat of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Jackson‐Ricketts ◽  
R. Iliana Ruiz‐Cooley ◽  
Chalatip Junchompoo ◽  
Surasak Thongsukdee ◽  
Atichat Intongkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Ontogenetic Variation ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand

scholarly journals Prospects of Federalism in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol III (II) ◽  
pp. 356-368
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Malik ◽  
Ghulam Qumber
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distribution Of Powers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Federalism is created by a state having heterogeneous population with a desire to have provisions for adequate distribution of economic resources within a democratic form of government. The economic interaction is usually guaranteed by the constitutional arrangement of the land. The desire for the creation of a federation may be the economic interaction, interdependence on each other by the Centre and federating units. Proper distribution of powers between the Centre and Federating Units flourish when the residuary powers are vested in the federating units. The 18th Constitutional Amendment made a landmark in the history of Pakistan as it introduced a paradigm shift in the democratic set-up of the country. This shift had long been cherished by most of the mainstream political parties as it gives an opportunity to the ruling parties to complete the tenure of the government.

A new subspecies of Finlayson’s squirrel from an isolated island offshore of the Indochina Peninsula in southern Vietnam

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong Thuy Vu ◽  
Son Truong Nguyen ◽  
Masaharu Motokawa ◽  
Tu Ngoc Ly ◽  
Phuong Huy Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Indochina Peninsula ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract We describe a new subspecies of Finlayson’s squirrel (Callosciurus finlaysonii) from Hon Nghe Island in the Gulf of Thailand. This island is located off the coast of southern Vietnam. In addition, we discussed the phylogenetic relationships among C. finlaysonii subspecies distributed on the isolated islands in the Gulf of Thailand. The new subspecies (C. finlaysonii honnghensis), which is endemic to Hon Nghe Island, differs from other C. finlaysonii subspecies in pelage colouration. The mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences showed that this squirrel is closely related to C. finlaysonii albivexilli and C. finlaysonii frandseni, which are endemic to the Koh Kut and Koh Chang islands, respectively, suggesting that the three subspecies diverged approximately 30,000 years ago. After the last glacial maximum, many small islands were formed by the sea level rise in the Gulf of Thailand, which was a consequence of global warming. Following the continuous fragmentation of the Sunda Continent, each C. finlaysonii subspecies could have evolved in each geographically isolated island in this gulf. Thus, studying C. finlaysonii subspecies may be used to track the recent geological history of the Gulf of Thailand.

The First Women’s Studies Research Centre: A History of Women’s Studies and Its Progenitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-233
Author(s):  
Maithreyi Krishnaraj
Keyword(s):  
Women's Studies ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Women's Issues ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University

The beginning of Women’s Studies has a special history in India. It owes its origin not only to some stalwarts but also to the historical times in which its birth took place. Its location in the SNDT Women’s University in Mumbai was at the initiative of Dr Neera Desai, a Professor of Sociology at that university. Her own work on women’s issues in her Master’s thesis and her involvement in the women’s movement gave her the background for envisaging that a women’s university should engage with analysis of women’s condition and not just teach women other academic disciplines. It was with this motive, that the Research Centre for Women’s Studies was set up in 1974, a year before the publication of the report Towards Equality of the Government of India. The university - originally begun at the initiative of the educationist Shri Dhondo Kheshav Karve received a handsome grant from the industrialist Shri Damodar Thackersey and got named after his mother Shrimathi Nathibai Damodar Thackersey hereafter SNDT Women’s University. The Centre with the involvement of able and farsighted administrators at this university spearheaded the development of this Centre, which became the torch bearer for raising women’s issues.

scholarly journals Population genetics of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea: fisheries management implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaros Phinchongsakuldit ◽  
Puangtip Chaipakdee ◽  
James F. Collins ◽  
Mullica Jaroensutasinee ◽  
John F. Y. Brookfield
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Rachycentron Canadum ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand

The Radium Committee of the Royal Society and the fate of the substances purchased by it

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Todd
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Fund ◽  
World War ◽  
Ernest Rutherford ◽  
History Of ◽  
Government Laboratory ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time

In this article, documents relating to the history of the Radium Committee of the Royal Society are collated for the first time. Founded in 1903, the committee had its status enhanced in 1904, when the Goldsmiths' Company donated £1000 for the establishment of a Radium Research Fund. Two years later the fund was used to purchase 500 kg of pitchblende residues from the Austrian government. The French chemist Armet de Lisle was contracted to perform the first stage of extraction, and the process of purification was performed at the Government Laboratory during 1907 by the Government Analyst, T. E. Thorpe, yielding an estimated 70 mg of radium chloride. In 1914 the unexpended balance of about £500 was awarded to Ernest Rutherford, but the bulk was not used until 1921, when Rutherford had moved to Cambridge. The fund was then used to purchase radium that had been on loan to him from Austria before World War I. After Rutherford's death in 1937 the Committee was wound up, and the Society's radium was controlled on a more ad hoc basis. After Thorpe's work in 1907, the radium was lent out successively to several leading scientists until its existence was last recorded in 1953.

Treatment of military cases of cerebrospinal fever during WWI: the concerted efforts of the RAMC, MRC and Lister Institute to make serum therapy work

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
Edward J Wawrzynczak
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Military Patients ◽  
The Military

Cerebrospinal fever was rare in the British Army prior to World War I. An outbreak of the disease on Salisbury Plain in late 1914 posed new challenges. The War Office established the Central Cerebrospinal Fever Laboratory at the Royal Army Medical (RAM) College early in 1915 to conduct research, develop diagnostic tests and coordinate the military response. The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) set up dedicated cerebrospinal wards for the hospitalisation and treatment of patients. The new Medical Research Committee (MRC) supported bacteriological studies of epidemic strains of the meningococcus responsible for the outbreak. The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, an independent research institution, acted as a key supplier of antimeningococcus serum. The mortality of military patients during 1915 was poor because the testing infrastructure was still developing, the RAMC had limited experience of treating cases, and the therapeutic serums available at the time seemed ineffective. The survival rate of home troops improved during the war—through the concerted efforts of the RAMC, MRC and Lister Institute—due to timely diagnosis, and early, intensive and prolonged treatment with improved serums. The Official History of the War highlights subsequent trials undertaken with strain-specific MRC serums in late 1918 and 1919 but fails to acknowledge that in late 1917/early 1918 the Lister Institute supplied the RAM College with large quantities of an efficacious multivalent serum and corresponding monovalent serums that were not included in a formal trial.

On the distribution of the marine genus Thinolestris Grootaert & Meuffels (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with a description of a new species from Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1134 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
PATRICK GROOTAERT ◽  
NEAL L. EVENHUIS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
The Moment ◽  
A New Species

Four species of Thinolestris Grootaert & Meuffels are known so far, including T. nigra sp. nov., which is described here from Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. New morphological data on the genus are given. At the moment, Thinolestris is only known from Andaman Sea, Strait of Singapore, South China Sea, Celebes Sea, Bismarck Sea and the Coral Sea. It is not yet known from North Australia nor from the Gulf of Thailand, or farther north. Thinolestris adults are active on beaches with small pebbles mixed with sandy patches. It is not found on rocks, pure sandy beaches nor mangroves.

Biodiversity and host specificity of sponge-associated barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Chen Yu ◽  
Benny K K Chan ◽  
Gregory A Kolbasov ◽  
Monthon Ganmanee
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Barnacle Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand

Abstract We examined the diversity and host use of sponge-associated barnacles of Thailand (Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand) using a combined morphological and molecular approach. Eight barnacle species (including two new species) were collected from 12 host sponges. Host-specific barnacle species includes Acasta lappasp. nov., which exclusively inhabits the sponge Mycale sp. Acasta milkaesp. nov. was only collected from the sponge Callyspongia cf. diffusa (Ridley, 1884). Multatria filigranus (Broch, 1916) were found in the encrusting soft sponges Monanchora unguiculata (Dendy, 1922) and Clathria sp. Pyrgospongia stellula (Rosell, 1975) inhabits the sponges Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884). Generalist barnacle species includes Euacsta ctenodentia (Rosell, 1972), E. porata (Nilsson-Cantell, 1921), E. zuiho (Hiro, 1936), and Acasta cyathus Darwin, 1854, which inhabit a wide range of sponges with various textures.

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