Socio-spatial dynamics of contentious politics: A case of urban warfare in the Kurdish region of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-270
Author(s):  
Ronay Bakan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Urban Warfare

The literature on contentious politics often explains the dynamics of collective action as a product of sequential events in national and international politics. This time-centred perspective disregards the spatial dynamics of contention. Similarly, analysis on the relation between the Turkish state and Kurdish national movement tends to focus on dynamics and actors in macro politics. However, in the case of urban warfare, macro-level explanations cannot by themselves illustrate why certain localities experienced urban warfare while other districts in the same city or region continued their everyday life. Therefore, this article shifts the focus from macro-political dynamics to micro politics to examine the emergence of urban warfare in Suriçi, Diyarbakır, in 2015. It argues that socio-spatial dynamics comprised significant mechanisms that facilitated the conflict. Overall, it claims that the urban warfare in Suriçi demonstrates that dynamics of mobilization can be captured through a dialectical approach to macro and micro-level politics. Abstract in Kurmanji Dînamîkên sosyo-mekanî yên siyaseta dijwar: Nimûneya şerê bajaran li herêma kurd a Tirkiyeyê Lêkolînên heyî yên li ser siyaseta dijwar pirê caran dînamîkên tevgera kolektîf weke encama bûyerên peyhatî yên di siyaseta netewî û navnetewî de rave dikin. Ev nêrina zeman-navendî dînamîkên mekanî yên dijwariyê paşguh dikin. Herwiha, analîzên li ser têkiliya di navbera dewleta tirk û tevgera neteweyî ya kurd meyldar in ku bala xwe bidin dînamîk û aktorên makro-siyasetê. Lê belê, di mînaka şerê bajaran de, ravekirinên di asta makro de nikarin nîşan bidin ka çima hin herêman şerê bajaran tecrube kir lê di heman demê de navçeyên din ên heman bajarî an herêmê jiyana xwe ya rojane berdewam kir. Ji ber vê yekê, ev gotar balê ji dînamîkên makro-siyasetê dikşîne ser mîkro-siyasetê ku derketina şerê bajarî ya li Suriçiya Diyarbekirê, ya 2015an, binirxîne. Nîqaş dike ku dînamîkên sosyo-mekanî mekanîzmayên girîng pêk anîn ku pevçûn hêsantir kirin. Bi giştî, îdia dike ku şerê bajaran yê Suriçiyê nîşan dide ku dînamîkên seferberiyê bi rêya nêzîkbûneke dîalektîk a siyaseta di astên mîkro û makro de dikarin bên fehmkirin. Abstract in Sorani Daynamîkekanî cvakî-cêgeyî syasete mlimlanêyyekan: Dosyeyekî şerrî şarîy le herêmî kurdî le turkya Edebyatî syasetî mlimlanê zorcar daynemîkî karî bekomell wek berhemî rûdawe yek le dway yekekan le syasetî neteweyî û nêwdewlletîda rûn dekatewe. Em rwange katgeraye daynemîkî cêgeyî mlimlanê feramoş dekat. Be heman şêwe,  şrove leser peywendî nêwan dewlletî turk û bzûtnewey neteweyî kurdîş meylî terkîzkirdne ser  daynemîkekan û ekterekanî naw makro syasetî heye. Bellam, leprisî şerrî şarîyda, rûnkirdnewekanî rehendî-makro natwanin betenya ewe rûn bkenewe ke boçî lekatêkda hendêk le xellkî xocêyî şerrî şarîyan ezmûn kird le nawçekanî dîkey heman şar yan herêmda xellk le jyanî rojaney xoyan da berdewam bûn. Boye em wtare bo hellsengandinî serhelldanî şerrî şarîy le surîçî dyarbekir le sallî 2015 da, sernic le daynamîkî makrro syasî degwazêtewe bo maykrro syaset. Be giştî, babeteke cext lewe dekat şerrî şarîy le surîçî ewe derdexat ke daynemîkî mobalîzekirdin dekrêt leser astî makro û maykro syasetda wêna bikrêt. Abstract in Zazaki Dînamîkê soyso-herêmkîyî yê polîtîkaya şerkere: Dewaya cengê şaristanan ê herêmanê kurdan ê Tirkîya Edebîyatê polîtîkayanê şerkeran de zafêrî dînamîkê tevgeranê kolektîfan sey netîceyê serebûtanê sîyasetê neteweyî û mîyanneteweyîyan ê rêzkîyan îzah benê.  No perspektîfo wextmerkezkî dînamîkê şerkerî yê herêmkîyî îhmal keno. Bi eynî usûlî, analîzê têkilîya mabênê dewleta Tirkîya û tevgerê kurdan ê neteweyî zafane dînamîk û kerdoxanê makropolîtîka ser o vindeno. Çi esto ke cengê şaristanan de nê tewir îzahê sewîyeya pêroyî bi xo nêeşkenê bimusnê ke çira tayê cayan de cengê şaristanan qewimîyeno û eynî dem de taxanê eynî şaristanî yan zî mintiqayanê bînan de cuya rojanîye dewam kena. Coka na meqale bale dînamîkanê makropolîtîkan ra ancena mîkropolîtîka ser ke wina destpêkerdişê cengê şaristanî yê taxa Sûrî ya Dîyarbekirî yê serra 2015î analîz bibo. Tede munaqeşe beno ke dînamîkê sosyo-herêmkîyî mekanîzmayanê muhîmanê ke dest dayî lejî, înan xo de hewêneno. Pêroyî, vajîyena ke cengê şaristanî yê Sûrî musneno ke dînamîkê seferî pê teşebusêko dîyalektîk yê makro- û mîkropolîtîka bêrê dîyene.  

18. Political Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-335
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual’s probability to become politically active.

18. Political participation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual's probability to become politically active.

Cross-Regional Comparisons: The Arab Uprisings as Political Transitions and Social Movements

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Paczynska
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Political Transitions ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
New Research ◽  
And Diffusion

The Arab uprisings, like the fall of the Berlin Wall more than two decades ago, are watershed events that have raised fundamental questions about our understanding of the processes of political change, the emergence and diffusion of contentious collective action, and the role of the international context in facilitating or hindering political change. The uprisings have further strengthened a growing focus within Middle Eastern studies on framing questions about the social, economic, and political dynamics in the region in ways that allow for more robust linkages with comparative theorizing about the dynamics of contentious collective action and the processes of political change. In other words, the Arab uprisings have injected new energy into the comparative study of contentious politics. In addition to new research agendas the uprisings have also provided opportunities for introducing students in survey and theory courses to the region's political dynamics, enriching students' engagement with theoretical concepts and honing their critical thinking and analytical skills while making the Middle East less “exceptional” for the students. Here, I focus on how incorporating of Middle Eastern cases allows instructors to raise questions and engage students in discussions about the emergence and diffusion of contentious collective action.

Theories on the Adoption and Appropriation of Mobile Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Veronika Karnowski
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual

This chapter reviews key theories on the adoption and appropriation of mobile media. It highlights the differences between the binary adoption concept and the concept of appropriation, focusing on everyday life integration, by contrasting the benefits and drawbacks of both concepts. In a second step key factors influencing the adoption and appropriation of mobile media both on a societal macro level and the individual micro level are discussed based on recent empirical evidence. Especially mobile media, consisting of clusters of embedded innovations, pose theoretical and methodological challenges to researching adoption and appropriation processes. This chapter introduces current attempts to overcome these issues and outlines possible avenues for future theorizing of the adoption and appropriation of mobile media.

scholarly journals The Making of Everyman’s Capitalism in Sweden: Micro-Infrastructures, Unlearning, and Moral Boundary Work

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Orsi Husz ◽  
David Larsson Heidenblad
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Financial Practices

This article analyzes the so-called turn to the market in Sweden, with an emphasis on aspects that are typically absent from large-scale narratives. How did the changes known as neoliberalization and financialization enter everyday life and mundane financial practices? And which analytical tools can historians use to meaningfully connect the experience of changes on the micro level to those on the macro level? Zooming in on the the year 1979 and focusing on two empirical cases—the popularization of stock saving and the domestication of consumer credit—allows us to elaborate and apply a set of analytical entry points about (1) mundane micro-infrastructures, (2) financial knowledge as learning and unlearning, and (3) moral boundary work. This framework offers a way of exploring when and in what ways new financial practices were experienced and eventually embraced by those who had previously been skeptical or even hostile. It also reveals the role played by actors and institutions not typically seen as agents of marketization.

scholarly journals Mobile Media and Social Space: How Anytime, Anyplace Connectivity Structures Everyday Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariek Vanden Abeele ◽  
Ralf De Wolf ◽  
Rich Ling
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level

Using Giddens’ (1984) structuration theory we examine how social structures in mobile communication technologies shape the everyday life of individuals, thereby re-shaping power dynamics that underlie the social organization of society. We argue that the anytime, anyplace connectivity afforded by mobile communication technologies structures society by imposing a network, social and personal logic. We discuss how each logic both reproduces and challenges traditional power structures, at the micro- as well as macro-level. At the micro-level, the network logic refers to mobile communication technologies’ capacity to organize activities in a networked fashion, granting people greater autonomy from time and place. The social logic refers to mobile communication technologies’ capacity for perpetual contact, fostering social connectedness with social relationships. The personal logic refers to mobile communication technologies’ capacity to serve as extensions of the Self, with which people can personalize contents, services, place and time. The flipside of these logics is that, at the micro-level, the responsibility to operate autonomously, to maintain personal social networks, and to manage and act based on personal information shifts to the individual. We also notice shifts in power structures at the macro-level. For instance, to reap the benefits of mobile communication technology individuals engage in free ‘digital labor’ and tolerate new forms of surveillance and control.

Ideas and Leaders in Contentious Politics: One Parish Priest in El Salvador's Popular Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 76-101
Author(s):  
PETER M. SANCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Resource Mobilisation ◽  
The Church

AbstractThis paper examines the actions of one Salvadorean priest – Padre David Rodríguez – in one parish – Tecoluca – to underscore the importance of religious leadership in the rise of El Salvador's contentious political movement that began in the early 1970s, when the guerrilla organisations were only just beginning to develop. Catholic leaders became engaged in promoting contentious politics, however, only after the Church had experienced an ideological conversion, commonly referred to as liberation theology. A focus on one priest, in one parish, allows for generalisation, since scores of priests, nuns and lay workers in El Salvador followed the same injustice frame and tactics that generated extensive political mobilisation throughout the country. While structural conditions, collective action and resource mobilisation are undoubtedly necessary, the case of religious leaders in El Salvador suggests that ideas and leadership are of vital importance for the rise of contentious politics at a particular historical moment.

Varieties of non-obvious meaning in CL and CADS: from ‘hindsight post-dictability’ to sweet serendipity

Corpora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Partington
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Special Relevance

In this paper, I want to examine the special relevance of (non)obviousness in corpus linguistics through drawing on case studies. The research discussion is divided into two parts. The first is an examination of (non)obviousness at the micro-level, that is, in lexico-grammatical analyses, whilst the second looks at the more macro-level of (non)obviousness on the plane of discourse. In the final sections, I will examine various types of non-obvious meaning one can come across in Corpus-assisted Discourse Studies (CADS), which range from: ‘I knew that all along (now)’ to ‘that's interesting’ to ‘I sensed that but didn't know why’ (intuitive impressions and corpus-assisted explanations) to ‘I never even knew I never knew that’ (serendipity or ‘non-obvious non-obviousness’, analogous to ‘unknown unknowns’).

Panpsychism versus Panprotopsychism and the Subject-Summing Problem

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Goff
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Combination Problem ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Russellian Monism ◽  
Nature Of Matter

This is the first of two chapters discussing the most notorious problem facing Russellian monism: the combination problem. This is actually a family of difficulties, each reflecting the challenge of how to make sense of everyday human and animal experience intelligibly arising from more fundamental conscious or protoconscious features of reality. Key challenges facing panpsychist and panpsychist forms of Russellian monism are considered. With respect to panprotopsychism, there is the worry that it collapses into noumenalism: the view that human beings, by their very nature, are unable to understand the concrete, categorical nature of matter. With respect to panpsychism, there is the subject-summing problem: the difficulty making sense of how micro-level conscious subjects combine to produce macro-level conscious subjects. A solution to the subject-summing problem is proposed, and it is ultimately argued that panpsychist forms of the Russellian monism are to be preferred on grounds of simplicity and elegance.

scholarly journals Young Children’s Belonging in Finnish Educational Settings: an Intersectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maija Puroila ◽  
Jaana Juutinen ◽  
Elina Viljamaa ◽  
Riikka Sirkko ◽  
Taina Kyrönlampi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Positional Power ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Similarities And Differences

AbstractThe study draws on a relational and intersectional approach to young children’s belonging in Finnish educational settings. Belonging is conceptualized as a multilevel, dynamic, and relationally constructed phenomenon. The aim of the study is to explore how children’s belonging is shaped in the intersections between macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of young children’s education in Finland. The data consist of educational policy documents and ethnographic material generated in educational programs for children aged birth to 8 years. A situational mapping framework is used to analyze and interpret the data across and within systems levels (macro-level; meso-level; and micro-level). The findings show that the landscape in which children’s belonging is shaped and the intersections across and within the levels are characterized by the tensions between similarities and differences, majority and minorities, continuity and change, authority and agency. Language used, practices enacted, and positional power emerge as the (re)sources through which children’s (un)belonging is actively produced.

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