scholarly journals Comparison of heart rate and lactate concentration response before and after the completion of the individual time trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3.1) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Juan Alcides Zambrano Estrella ◽  
Alex Israel Coque Martínez ◽  
Jonathan Roberto Rodríguez Espín ◽  
Luisa Alejandra Sánchez Arcos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Con el objetivo de comparar la frecuencia cardiaca y la respuesta de concentración de lactato antes y después de culminada la prueba de contra reloj individual en atletas de ciclismo categoría pre-juvenil de la provincia de Cotopaxi, se realizó una investigación que tuvo como impacto, la concepción de un sistema de control de la frecuencia cardiaca partir de las concentraciones de lactato en sangre de los ciclistas. Los beneficiarios son atletas pre-juveniles de la provincia de Cotopaxi, así como el cuerpo de entrenadores de este deporte en toda la provincia. El estudio se sustentó en el enfoque de los paradigmas Cuanti-cualitativo, cuantitativo porque los resultados de la investigación de campo fueron sometidos a análisis numéricos con el apoyo de la estadística. También cualitativo porque estos resultados numéricos fueron interpretados críticamente con el fin de establecer conclusiones y recomendaciones.  De este mismo modo develamos una investigación factible porque garantiza la aplicación un proceso eminentemente científico en la determinación de cargas de los ciclistas, los cuales en Ecuador se ven obligados a extrapolar de otros deportes las tablas de valoración de las zonas de entrenamiento o de lo contario las seleccionan de otros países que no son somatotipica ni biológicamente iguales a los ciclistas de la región andina del Ecuador. Se obtiene como principales resultados una serie de medios y metodologías para el desarrollo de la resistencia a la velocidad.

scholarly journals Effects of Successive Annual Training on Aerobic Endurance Indices in Young Swimmers

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavriil G. Arsoniadis ◽  
Petros G. Botonis ◽  
Ioannis S. Nikitakis ◽  
Dimitrios Kalokiris ◽  
Argyris G. Toubekis
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
The Individual

Background: The magnitude of long-term changes on aerobic endurance indices provides useful information for understanding any training-induced adaptation during maturation. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare changes in different aerobic endurance indices within two successive training years. Methods: Eight swimmers, (five male, three female; age: 14.1±1.5, height: 163.8±9.9 cm, body mass: 55.8±10 kg) were tested at four time-points, before and after the 12-week specific preparation period, within two successive training years (at year-1: start-1, end-1, at year-2: start-2, end-2). In each time-point were timed in distances of 50, 200 and 400 m front crawl to calculate the critical speed (CS). Subsequently, performed 5x200 m front crawl progressively increasing intensity and the lactate concentration was determined after each repetition. Using the individual speed vs. lactate concentration curve, the speed corresponding to 4 mmol.L-1 concentration (V4) and the speed corresponding to lactate threshold (sLT) were calculated. Results: Aerobic endurance was increased from year-1 to year-2 (effect of time, p<0.05) and no difference was observed between V4, sLT and CS at all time-points of evaluation (p>0.05). In year-1, V4, sLT and CS were unchanged even after the 12-week period (p>0.05). During year-2 of training it was only V4 that was increased from start-2 to end-2 (p<0.05), whereas sLT and CS were unchanged at the same period (p>0.05). Conclusion: The aerobic endurance indices change similarly throughout a two-year training, independent of the maturation. Possibly, V4 is more sensitive to detect training adaptations during the specific preparation period in young swimmers.

scholarly journals Highland Dance: Heart-Rate and Blood Lactate Differences Between Competition and Class

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Baillie ◽  
Matt Wyon ◽  
Andrew Head
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After

Purpose:This study looked at the physiological effects of performance in Highland-dance competition to consider whether the traditional methods used during class and rehearsal provide an appropriate training stimulus toward this performance.Methods:Nine championship standard, female Highland dancers (age 14.2 ± 1.47 years) had their heart rate and blood lactate concentrations measured before and after 3 dances during a championship competition. Heart rate was also measured during the same 3 dances in rehearsal and during class.Results:Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in pre dance lactate concentrations between the first dance (Highland Fling, 1.4 ± 0.3 mM/L), the second dance (Sword dance, 2.3 ± 0.8 mM/L), and the third dance (Sean Truibhas, 3.5 ± 1.8 mM/L; F2,16 = 11.72, P < .01. This, coupled with a significant rise in lactate concentration during the dances (F1,8 = 76.75, P < .001), resulted in a final post dance lactate concentration of 7.3 ± 2.96 mM/L. Heart-rate data during competition, rehearsal, and class (195.0 ± 6.5, 172.6 ± 5.4, and 151.9 ± 7.4 beats/min, respectively) showed significant differences between all 3 (F2,16 = 107.1, P < .001); these are comparable to research on other dance forms.Conclusions:Given the disparity between the anaerobic predominance of competition and the aerobic predominance during class, it is suggested that the class does not provide an appropriate training stimulus as preparation for competitive performance in Highland dance.

scholarly journals Acute Physiological Responses to Ultra Short Race‐Pace Training in Competitive Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
David Williamson ◽  
Earl McCarthy ◽  
Massimiliano Ditroilo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Heart Rate ◽  
Training Modality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rate Profile

Abstract Ultra Short Race Pace training (USRPT) is an emerging training modality devised in 2011 to deviate from high-volume swimming training that is typically prescribed. USRPT aims to replicate the exact demands of racing, through its unique prescription of race-pace velocity sets with short rest intervals. It has been surmised, with little physiological evidence, that USRPT provides swimmers with the best opportunity to optimize the conditioning, technique, and psychology aspects of racing at the most specific velocity of the relevant event, with low blood lactate concentration. The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses of USRPT. Fourteen swimmers were recruited to perform a USRPT set: 20 x 25 m freestyle with a 35-s rest interval. Swimmers were required to maintain the velocity of their 100 m personal best time for each sprint. Sprint performance, blood lactate, heart rate and the RPE were measured. Blood lactate was taken before, during (after every 4 sprints) and 3 minutes after the USRPT protocol. Heart rate monitors were used to profile the heart rate. Athletes reported the RPE before- and after completion of the USRPT set. Sprint times increased by 3.3-10.8% when compared to the first sprint (p < 0.01). There was high blood lactate concentration (13.6 ± 3.1mmol/l), a significant change in the RPE from 8 ± 1.6 to 18 ± 1.6 (p < 0.01) and a substantially high heart rate profile with an average HRmax of 188 ± 9 BPM. The results show the maximal intensity nature of USRPT and portray it as an anaerobic style of training.

scholarly journals The Impact of Fatigue on Jump Shot Height and Accuracy Over a Longer Shooting Distance in Basketball

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (63) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frane Erčulj ◽  
Matej Supej
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Basketball Player ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Series

This study basically aimed to establish how a gradual increase in effort (fatigue) affects the jump height and accuracy of shots at the basket. For this purpose, an elite basketball player, Primož Brezec, performed seven series of 20 shots from a distance of 7.24 metres. All shots were executed in four-second intervals and the height of each jump shot was measured. The accuracy of shots was established on the basis of the number of goals and distance from the centre of the ball to the centre of the rim of the basket. Thus, for each shot a kinematic analysis was applied using the APAS system to calculate the parabolas of ball fl ight and the distance between the two points mentioned. During an individual series of shots the subject player performed a special basketball motor task consisting of running, a defensive slide and jumps. The effort gradually increased with each motor task and, in the meantime, the subject’s heart rate and concentration of lactates in his blood were measured. The results of the study show that the jump height decreases on average with each series of shots (with the exception of series two) and that the differences between the series are statistically signifi cant (p < 0.01). There were no statistically signifi cant differences between the individual series of shots in terms of shooting accu-racy and / or number of goals. The number of goals decreased drastically in the last series, i. e. in the conditions of maximum fatigue (heart rate: 197 beats / min, lactate concentration: 9.7 mmol / l). The average distance between the centre of the ball and the centre of the rim in the plane of the rim ranges between 13.5 and 16.6 cm, however, it does not increase with fatigue.Keywords: jump shot, kinematic analysis, accuracy, jump height, fatigue.

scholarly journals The Effect of Periodization on Training Program Adherence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12973
Author(s):  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez ◽  
Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽  
José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera ◽  
Jose A. Parraca ◽  
Nuno Batalha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Program Adherence ◽  
The Individual

The present research aimed to study the effect of three different training periodization (traditional, reverse, and free training) on the aerobic performance, motivation, and adherence of physically active athletes. We analysed the adherence to three different periodization training programs: traditional, reverse, and free training periodization on the adherence of amateur triathletes. For this aim, the individual adherence, motivation, and aerobic performance time and heart rate (in a 1000 m running test) were evaluated before and after the completion of the three different 8-week periodization programs. The level of adherence to the reverse periodization was significantly higher than in traditional and free training. The number of dropouts in reverse and traditional periodization was similar but lower than in the free training. Finally, neither of the periodization programs improved aerobic performance and reverse training periodization decreased heart rate of participants in a 1000 m running test.

scholarly journals Effects on the Profile of Circulating miRNAs after Single Bouts of Resistance Training with and without Blood Flow Restriction—A Three-Arm, Randomized Crossover Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Vogel ◽  
Daniel Niederer ◽  
Tobias Engeroff ◽  
Lutz Vogt ◽  
Christian Troidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Collateral Flow ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Individual

Background: The effects of blood flow restriction (training) may serve as a model of peripheral artery disease. In both conditions, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs) are suggested to play a crucial role during exercise-induced arteriogenesis. We aimed to determine whether the profile of circulating miRNAs is altered after acute resistance training during blood flow restriction (BFR) as compared with unrestricted low- and high-volume training, and we hypothesized that miRNA that are relevant for arteriogenesis are affected after resistance training. Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers (aged 25 ± 2 years) were enrolled in this three-arm, randomized-balanced crossover study. The arms were single bouts of leg flexion/extension resistance training at (1) 70% of the individual single-repetition maximum (1RM), (2) at 30% of the 1RM, and (3) at 30% of the 1RM with BFR (artificially applied by a cuff at 300 mm Hg). Before the first exercise intervention, the individual 1RM (N) and the blood flow velocity (m/s) used to validate the BFR application were determined. During each training intervention, load-associated outcomes (fatigue, heart rate, and exhaustion) were monitored. Acute effects (circulating miRNAs, lactate) were determined using pre-and post-intervention measurements. Results: All training interventions increased lactate concentration and heart rate (p < 0.001). The high-intensity intervention (HI) resulted in a higher lactate concentration than both lower-intensity training protocols with BFR (LI-BFR) and without (LI) (LI, p = 0.003; 30% LI-BFR, p = 0.008). The level of miR-143-3p was down-regulated by LI-BFR, and miR-139-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-197-3p, miR-30a-5p, and miR-10b-5p were up-regulated after HI. The lactate concentration and miR-143-3p expression showed a significant positive linear correlation (p = 0.009, r = 0.52). A partial correlation (intervention partialized) showed a systematic impact of the type of training (LI-BFR vs. HI) on the association (r = 0.35 remaining after partialization of training type). Conclusions: The strong effects of LI-BFR and HI on lactate- and arteriogenesis-associated miRNA-143-3p in young and healthy athletes are consistent with an important role of this particular miRNA in metabolic processes during (here) artificial blood flow restriction. BFR may be able to mimic the occlusion of a larger artery which leads to increased collateral flow, and it may therefore serve as an external stimulus of arteriogenesis.

scholarly journals Why Train Together When Racing Is Performed Alone? Drafting in Long-Track Speed Skating

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Floor A.P. van den Brandt ◽  
Inge K. Stoter ◽  
Ruby T.A. Otter ◽  
Marije T. Elferink-Gemser
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
National Level ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Speed Skating ◽  
Perceived Intensity

Purpose: In long-track speed skating, drafting is a commonly used phenomenon in training; however, it is not allowed in time-trial races. In speed skating, limited research is available on the physical and psychological impact of drafting. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of “skating alone,” “leading,” or “drafting” on physical intensity (heart rate and blood lactate) and perceived intensity (perceived exertion) of speed skaters. Methods: Twenty-two national-level long-track speed skaters with a mean age of 19.3 (2.6) years skated 5 laps, with similar external intensity in 3 different conditions: skating alone, leading, or drafting. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed differences between the 3 conditions, heart rate (F2,36 = 10.546, P < .001), lactate (F2,36 = 12.711, P < .001), and rating of perceived exertion (F2,36 = 5.759, P < .01). Results: Heart rate and lactate concentration were significantly lower (P < .001) when drafting compared with leading (heart rate Δ = 7 [8] beats·min–1, 4.0% [4.7%]; lactate Δ = 2.3 [2.3] mmol/L, 28.2% [29.9%]) or skating alone (heart rate Δ = 8 [7.1] beats·min–1, 4.6% [3.9%]; lactate Δ = 2.8 [2.5] mmol/L, 33.6% [23.6%]). Rating of perceived exertion was significantly lower (P < .01) when drafting (Δ = 0.8 [1.0], 16.5% [20.9%]) or leading (Δ = 0.5 [0.9], 7.7% [20.5%]) versus skating alone. Conclusions: With similar external intensity, physical intensity, as well as perceived intensity, is reduced when drafting in comparison with skating alone. A key finding of this study is the psychological effect: Skating alone was shown to be more demanding than leading, whereas leading and drafting were perceived to be similar in terms of perceived exertion. Knowledge about the reduction of internal intensity for a drafting skater compared with leading or skating alone can be used by coaches and trainers to optimize training conditions.

INFLUENCE OF BIOFEEDBACK-PULSE-TRAINING ON HYPOXIC STABILITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
G.N. Anufriev ◽  
M.I. Zinchenko ◽  
V.V. Gul'tyaeva ◽  
D.Yu. Uryumtsev ◽  
S.G. Krivoshchekov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Twofold Decrease

The effects of biofeedback trainings (BFT) are sufficiently detailed in scientific literature. However, the mechanism of their formation and individual characteristics of the reactions are not fully disclosed. The purpose of the paper is to study the indirect effect of biofeedback trainings aimed at managing arterial pulse on hypoxic stability and ANS state in healthy people, taking into account the individual characteristics of the response. Materials and Methods. The study involved 28 young women and 26 young men (19–23 years old), who underwent a 15-day biofeedback training. The authors measured the trial subjects’ heart rate (HR), duration of RR-intervals, blood pressure before and after the training. A hypoxic stress test was also carried out. Results. According to the results of the biofeedback trainings, all the volunteers were retrospectively divided into two groups: “reducing heart rate” (R) and “non-reducing heart-rate” (N). All females and N males demonstrated an almost twofold decrease in the number of low-resistant-to-hypoxia persons with their transition into a group of medium- and high- resistant ones. N-girls, if compared with R-girls, showed a greater increase in the number of highly resistant persons (p=0.06). Resistance comparison between male groups also showed a significant increase in highly resistant persons in N-males, if compared to R-males (p=0.01). Biofeedback-training in all groups led to a steady blood pressure decrease (both systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic (p<0.03)). Conclusion. The results obtained indicate an adaptive decrease in sympathetic activation at rest and in response to physiological (hypoxic) stress. Moreover, training effect intensity depends on the individual characteristics of the ANS initial state. Keywords: biofeedback, heart rate, hypoxic stress test, blood pressure, autonomic nervous system. Эффекты влияния тренингов с биологической обратной связью (БОС) достаточно подробно освещены в научной литературе, однако механизм их формирования и индивидуальные особенности возникающих реакций не до конца раскрыты. Цель. Изучение косвенного влияния цикла БОС-тренингов по управлению артериальным пульсом на гипоксическую устойчивость и состояние ВНС у здоровых людей с учетом индивидуальных особенностей реагирования. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 28 девушек и 26 юношей от 19 до 23 лет, которые прошли 15-дневный БОС-тренинг. До и после тренинга проводилось измерение частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС), длительности RR-интервалов, артериального давления, а также гипоксический стресс-тест. Результаты. По показателям успешности БОС-тренингов добровольцы ретроспективно были подразделены на группы «снижающих ЧСС» (С) и «неснижающих» (Н). У всех девушек и Н-юношей было выявлено практически двукратное снижение количества низкорезистентных к гипоксии лиц с переходом их в группу средне- и высокорезистентных. У Н-девушек по сравнению с С-девушками количество высокорезистентных выросло сильнее (р=0,06). Сравнение резистентности между группами юношей показало также существенный прирост высокорезистентных в группе Н-юношей по сравнению с С-группой (р=0,01). БОС-тренинг у всей группы привел к устойчивому снижению АД, как систолического (p<0,001), так и диастолического (p<0,03). Выводы. Приведённые результаты свидетельствуют об адаптивном снижении симпатической активации в покое и в ответ на физиологический (гипоксический) стресс. При этом выраженность тренировочного эффекта зависит от индивидуальных особенностей исходного состояния вегетативной нервной системы. Ключевые слова: биологическая обратная связь, частота сердечных сокращений, гипоксический стресс-тест, артериальное давление, вегетативная нервная система.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine responses to a psychosocial stress test for larger groups of participants: comparison of two test exposures

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Jakub Rajcani ◽  
Petra Solarikova ◽  
Igor Brezina ◽  
Daniela Jezova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Social Evaluative Threat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objective. Individual stress tests characterized by social evaluative threat and uncontrollability are known to elicit strong neuroendocrine responses. We tested whether a psychosocial stressor submitted to a larger group of participants (up to 60) may elicit comparable stress responses. Methods. A total of 59 adult subjects (33 women, 26 men) participated in the study, whereas 24 of them suffered from allergy and 35 were healthy. The stress test consisted of a distraction stress task followed by a speech task, in which the participants were randomly subjected to questions related to a topic that they had to prepare as well as arithmetic questions in front of their peers and a committee that responded in standardized and non-supporting manner. State and trait anxiety inventory (STAI) for anxiety state was administrated before and after the test and salivary samples taking. The test was repeated after five months. Results. The results showed that the shared psychosocial stress application in a larger group of subjects was prosperous. The larger group test (LGST) resulted in an enhanced subjectively experienced stress and an intensive sympathetic nervous system activation, reflected by elevated salivary alpha-amylase activity and the heart rate. The cortisol increment after exposure to the stress test was not significant. Repeated exposure to the test failed to reproduce the original stress responses with exception of the heart rate rise. Conclusions. In a larger group of subjects, the psychosocial stress test did elicit stress responses similar to the individual stress tests. Our data indicate that the above-mentioned stress test is apparently not an appropriate approach for the repeated use.

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