Nanostructures and their application in antimicrobial drug delivery system

As multiresistant and pan-resistant infections continue to emerge, and because the development of novel antimicrobial drugs is a slow process, nanotechnology offers valuable alternatives for fighting resistant bugs, mainly by improving the therapeutic effect of current antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest global health threats of the 21st century, but nanotechnology is offering new solutions to the problem. Nanostructured biomaterials, nanoparticles in particular, have unique physicochemical properties such as ultra small and controllable size, large surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity, and functionalizable structure. These properties can be applied to facilitate the administration of antimicrobial drugs, thereby overcoming some of the limitations in traditional antimicrobial therapeutics. Carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (especially single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles) show potent antimicrobial properties. Nanocoating and shuttle systems have shown great promise in vitro and animal models. Noble metals nanostructures, particularly silver, have attracted much attention in the fields of medicine due to their unique properties which are strongly dependent on the size and shape of metal nanomaterials. Recent development of nanocarriers, improved the drug therapy of different diseases, together with the mechanisms of microbial inhibition.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of In vitro toxicity evaluation of single walled carbon nanotubes on human A549 lung cells.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1083823.536755 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Ruth Roberts

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Lung Cells ◽

Toxicity Evaluation ◽

Single Walled Carbon ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Human A549 ◽

A549 Lung

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New Mechanistic Insights on Carbon Nanotubes’ Nanotoxicity Using Isolated Submitochondrial Particles, Molecular Docking, and Nano-QSTR Approaches

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10030171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Michael González-Durruthy ◽

Riccardo Concu ◽

Juan M. Ruso ◽

M. Natália D. S. Cordeiro

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Network Models ◽

Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Docking Studies ◽

Fractal Surface ◽

Submitochondrial Particles ◽

Elastic Network ◽

Elastic Network Models ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes can induce mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase nanotoxicity through inhibition. To completely characterize the mechanistic effect triggering the toxicity, we have developed a new approach based on the combination of experimental and computational study, since the use of only one or few techniques may not fully describe the phenomena. To this end, the in vitro inhibition responses in submitochondrial particles (SMP) was combined with docking, elastic network models, fractal surface analysis, and Nano-QSTR models. In vitro studies suggest that inhibition responses in SMP of F0F1-ATPase enzyme were strongly dependent on the concentration assay (from 3 to 5 µg/mL) for both pristine and COOH single-walled carbon nanotubes types (SWCNT). Besides, both SWCNTs show an interaction inhibition pattern mimicking the oligomycin A (the specific mitochondria F0F1-ATPase inhibitor blocking the c-ring F0 subunit). Performed docking studies denote the best crystallography binding pose obtained for the docking complexes based on the free energy of binding (FEB) fit well with the in vitro evidence from the thermodynamics point of view, following an affinity order such as: FEB (oligomycin A/F0-ATPase complex) = −9.8 kcal/mol > FEB (SWCNT-COOH/F0-ATPase complex) = −6.8 kcal/mol ~ FEB (SWCNT-pristine complex) = −5.9 kcal/mol, with predominance of van der Waals hydrophobic nano-interactions with key F0-ATPase binding site residues (Phe 55 and Phe 64). Elastic network models and fractal surface analysis were performed to study conformational perturbations induced by SWCNT. Our results suggest that interaction may be triggering abnormal allosteric responses and signals propagation in the inter-residue network, which could affect the substrate recognition ligand geometrical specificity of the F0F1-ATPase enzyme in order (SWCNT-pristine > SWCNT-COOH). In addition, Nano-QSTR models have been developed to predict toxicity induced by both SWCNTs, using results of in vitro and docking studies. Results show that this method may be used for the fast prediction of the nanotoxicity induced by SWCNT, avoiding time- and money-consuming techniques. Overall, the obtained results may open new avenues toward to the better understanding and prediction of new nanotoxicity mechanisms, rational drug design-based nanotechnology, and potential biomedical application in precision nanomedicine.

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Profiling of Sub-Lethal in Vitro Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reveals Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11040883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 883 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sandeep Keshavan ◽

Fernando Torres Andón ◽

Audrey Gallud ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Knut Reinert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Chemokine Receptors ◽

Research Centre ◽

Target Cells ◽

Joint Research ◽

Chemokine Signaling ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Downstream Analysis ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Engineered nanomaterials are potentially very useful for a variety of applications, but studies are needed to ascertain whether these materials pose a risk to human health. Here, we studied three benchmark nanomaterials (Ag nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) procured from the nanomaterial repository at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Having established a sub-lethal concentration of these materials using two human cell lines representative of the immune system and the lungs, respectively, we performed RNA sequencing of the macrophage-like cell line after exposure for 6, 12, and 24 h. Downstream analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed significant effects on chemokine signaling pathways. CCR2 was identified as the most significantly upregulated gene in MWCNT-exposed cells. Using multiplex assays to evaluate cytokine and chemokine secretion, we could show significant effects of MWCNTs on several chemokines, including CCL2, a ligand of CCR2. The results demonstrate the importance of evaluating sub-lethal concentrations of nanomaterials in relevant target cells.

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Biocompatibility Characteristics of Titanium Coated with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes—Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12020224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 224 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jung-Eun Park ◽

Yong-Seok Jang ◽

Tae-Sung Bae ◽

Min-Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Multi walled carbon nanotubes-hydroxyapatite (MWCNTs-HA) with various contents of MWCNTs was synthesized using the sol-gel method. MWCNTs-HA composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HA particles were generated on the surface of MWCNT. Produced MWCNTs-HA nanocomposites were coated on pure titanium (PT). Characteristic of the titanium coated MWCNTs-HA was evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and XRD. The results show that the titanium surface was covered with MWCNTs-HA nanoparticles and MWCNTs help form the crystalized hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, the MWCNTs-HA coated titanium was investigated for in vitro cellular responses. Cell proliferation and differentiation were improved on the surface of MWCNT-HA coated titanium.

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Bioactive poly(etheretherketone) composite containing calcium polyphosphate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for bone repair: Mechanical property and in vitro biocompatibility

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/0883911518783214 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 543-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jianfei Cao ◽

Yue Lu ◽

Hechun Chen ◽

Lifang Zhang ◽

Chengdong Xiong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Property ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Injection Molding Process ◽

Molding Process ◽

Calcium Polyphosphate ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Poly(etheretherketone) exhibits good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, and bone-like stiffness. However, the natural bio-inertness of pure poly(etheretherketone) hinders its applications in biomedical field, especially when direct bone-implant osteo-integration is desired. For developing an alternative biomaterial for load-bearing orthopedic application, combination of bioactive fillers with poly(etheretherketone) matrix is a feasible approach. In this study, a bioactive multi-walled carbon nanotubes/calcium polyphosphate/poly(etheretherketone) composite was prepared through a compounding and injection-molding process for the first time. Bioactive calcium polyphosphate was added to polymer matrix to enhance the bioactivity of the composite, and incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to composite was aimed to improve both the mechanical property and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the microstructures, surface hydrophilicity, and mechanical property of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/calcium polyphosphate/poly(etheretherketone) composite, as well as the cellular responses of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells to this material were investigated. The mechanical testing revealed that mechanical performance of the resulting ternary composite was significantly enhanced by adding the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the mechanical values obtained were close to or higher than those of human cortical bone. More importantly, cell culture tests showed that initial cell adhesion, cell viability, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly promoted on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes/calcium polyphosphate/poly(etheretherketone) composite. Accordingly, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes/calcium polyphosphate/poly(etheretherketone) composite may be used as a promising bone repair material in dental and orthopedic applications.

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