scholarly journals Evaluation of Three Botanicals, Bavistin and BAU-Biofungicide for Controlling Leaf Spot of Groundnut Caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
MH Hossain ◽  
I Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three selected botanicals namely leaf extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Debdaru (Polyalthia longifolia) and datura (black) (Datura metel) along with Bavistin (Carbendazim) and BAU-biofungicide (Trichoderma harzianum) against leaf spot disease (tikka) of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum at the Field Research Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2009-10. The most effective treatments were Bavistin, BAU-biofungicide (seed treatment + spray), BAU-biofungicide (spray) and leaf extract of Neem. Bavistin increased pod and dry haulm yield by 53.51 and 24-80 %, respectively. Maximum pod yield and dry haulm weight were recorded under Bavistin. BAU-biofungicide (seed treatment + spray) produced the second highest pod and dry haulm yield followed by leaf extract of Neem and BAU-biofungicide (spray). BAU-biofungicide (seed treatment + spray) and leaf extract of Neem may be recommended for controlling leaf spot disease of groundnut. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19579 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 41-49

scholarly journals Incidence of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Cercosporidium personatum in Resistant, Susceptible and Hybridized Population of Groundnut Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
M. C. Kottayi ◽  
D. D. Saoji ◽  
S. E. Pawar ◽  
A. D. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Mutant Lines

The disease incidence of Cercosporidium personatum in field was analysed in the hybridized population derived from the resistant mutant lines of the cultivar ICGV-87304 and TAG-24 & TG-26. Reciprocal crosses were performed using the same parents. The comparison of disease incidence in hybridized population was made with resistant cultivar Girnar-1. Susceptible parents TAG-24 and TG-26 showed disease incidence of 14.08 and 16.40%, respectively while Girnar-1 and the resistant mutant parents showed percentage infection ranging from 0.06-0.96%. The plants raised from the hybridized population showed the percent infection ranging from 0.01 to 0.02 %.

Inheritance of Resistance to Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum in Six Virginia-type Peanut Lines1,3

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia L. Kornegay ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract The inheritance of resistance to two cercospora leaf-spots, Cercospora arachidicola (early leafspot) and Cercosporidium personatum (late leafspot) in Virginia-type peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), was determined using F1 and F2 generations and parental lines from a six parent diallel cross under natural field conditions. Two techniques for rating disease severity were employed. General combining ability, determined from both rating techniques, was significant for both F1 and F2 generations, indicating that resistance to both fungi and tolerance to infection i. e., minimal leaf defoliation, was primarily due to additive genetic effects. The six parents produced offspring with different levels of resistance to both fungi. From the estimates of general combining ability effects, only NC-GP 343 and NC 5 produced progeny resistant to both early and late leaf-spot. NC 3033 was resistant to early leafspot, but susceptible to late leafspot. NC-Ac 3139, Florigiant and NC 2 were resistant to late leafspot, but susceptible to early leaf-spot. Disease indices ranked NC 3033 and NC-GP 343 as, overall, the most resistant of the six lines and the most useful to include in a cercospora leafspots resistance breeding program.

scholarly journals Effects of Postemergence Herbicides on Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Early Leaf Spot of Peanut1

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Baysinger ◽  
H. A. Melouk ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Abstract Early leaf spot is a common disease of peanut caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola Hori. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of postemergence herbicides on the conidial germination of C. arachidicola and on the incidence of early leaf spot disease in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a greenhouse. Conidial germination was enhanced (≥ 100%) at concentrations of 1, 100, and 1000 mg/L of 2,4-DB compared with the untreated control. Lactofen reduced conidial germination by 42% compared with the control at concentrations as low as 100 mg/L and completely inhibited germination at concentrations ≥ 5000 mg/L. A concentration of 10,000 mg/L acifluorfen and 2,4-DB completely inhibited conidial germination. Acifluorfen, acifluorfen plus 2,4-DB, and lactofen decreased the sporulation of early leaf spot lesions. Lactofen reduced leaf spot incidence 12% and decreased sporulation of lesions 22% compared with the control. None of the herbicides increased the incidence of early leaf spot on peanut plants or the number of early leaf spot lesions per leaflet when compared with plants that received no herbicide.

scholarly journals Effect of botanicals and biofungicide on controlling tikka disease (Cercospora sp.) of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Hasan ◽  
I. Hossain ◽  
M. A. Kashem ◽  
M. M.A. Mondal ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Vigour Index

The leaf spot or Tikka disease (<italic>Cercospora arachidicola</italic> and <italic>Cercosporidium personatum</italic>) of groundnut (<italic>Arachis hypogea</italic> L<italic>.</italic>) is a predominant, devastating and economically important foliar fungal disease and a major yield reducing factor of groundnut, not only in Bangladesh, but also all over the world. The yield loss was calculated in the groundnut variety Dhaka-1 due to early and late leaf spot (Tikka) by over 30-48% in Bangladesh. The efficacy of NLEFS (<italic>Azadirachta indica</italic>), DebLEFS (<italic>Polyalthia longifolia</italic>), DLEFS (<italic>Datura metel</italic>), <italic>Trichoderma</italic> based biofungicides (BBST, BBFS and BBSFS) along with a check (Bavistin) and control were evaluated in the pot and field research. Among the treatments, BBSFS, NLEFS, DLEFS and DebLEFS showed better performance in controlling leaf spot and increasing pod yield by 53.61, 51.91, 40.85 and 38.72%, respectively as compared to control in the field. In case of seedling germination, BBSFS gave 97.77% germination followed by NLEFS (88.14%), DLEFS (93.33%) and DebLEFS (95.55%). BBSFS produced higher length and weight of shoot and root and vigour index as compared to control. Maximum vigour index was observed under BBFS (1583.88). BBSFS gave higher plant height, number of leaves and minimum number of infected leaves in the pots and field as compared to control. Minimum leaf area diseased was obtained with BBSFS followed by Bavistin in the field. Biofungicide (BBST, BBFS and BBSFS), NLEFS, DLEFS and DebLEFS showed promising performance in number and weight of pods and pod yield in the pots and field. Maximum weight of pods/plant and weight of mature pods/plant was achieved with BBSFS (20.05 g and 18.55 g) followed by NLEFS (19.83 g and 18.22 g). The highest net profit was recorded with the use of BBSFS by Tk. 176768.00/ha followed by NLEFS Tk. 172275.00/ha, BBFS Tk. 168818.00/ha, while the lowest Tk. 96443.00/ha in untreated control. Maximum Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) 1: 2.77 was found in BBSFS followed by BBST (1: 2.65), BBFS (1: 2.64) and NLEFS (1:2.62).

scholarly journals Effect of Cyhexatin (Plictran) on Growth, Conidial Germination And Sporulation of Cercospora arachidicola1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Melouk
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Percent Germination

Abstract Growth of Cercospora arachidicola Hori, the causal agent of early leaf spot disease on peanuts, was completely inhibited on Czapek-Dox broth medium amended with the acaricide cyhexatin (Plictran) at ≤ 73.5 μg/ml; however, at 14.7 μg/ml traces of growth occurred after 6 weeks of incubation at 27±2C and continuous fluorescent light (800 lux). Aqueous preparations of cyhexation at ≤ 147.0 μg/ml completely inhibited the germination of conidia of C. arachidicola. At a concentration of cyhexatin ≤ 73.5 and 14.7 μg/ml, less than two percent of the conidia germinated as compared with more than 95 percent germination in distilled water. Misting of aqueous preparations of cyhexatin at ≤ 147.0 μg/ml on the adaxial or both surfaces of peanut leaflets with mature leafspot lesions was very effective in reducing the sporulating potential of C. arachidicola.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Leaf Spot Disease Development Under Four Disease Management Programs1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
B. A. Besler ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod yield and response to early and late leaf spots [caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Deighton, respectively] were evaluated on six runner-type cultivars under four leaf spot spray programs using tebuconazole at 0.23 kg ai/ha and chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha. The four leaf spot spray programs included unsprayed, 14-d schedule, 21-d schedule, and 28-d schedule. With the 14- and 21-d schedule, chlorothalonil was applied at the first and last applications with a maximum of four tebuconazole applications for the middle sprays. On the 28-d schedule, tebuconazole was applied four times. Under conditions of heavy leaf spot disease pressure where no fungicide was applied, Southern Runner and Georgia Browne were slightly less susceptible (although not significantly) to early or late leaf spot than Florunner, GK-7, Georgia Runner, or Sunrunner. Less leaf spot was present in the 14-d schedule compared to 21- or 28-d schedules. Although there was no yield difference between the 14-, 21-, or 28-d schedules, the plots sprayed on a 14-d schedule yielded 43% more than the unsprayed. When averaged across all spray schedules, Georgia Browne yielded 15% more peanuts than Georgia Runner.

scholarly journals In-vitro studies of some selected botanicals and baubiofungicide on mycelial growth and conidial germination of Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Hossain ◽  
I Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Achras Sapota

Efforts have been made to assess some plant extracts namely, Lycopersicon esculentum, Tagetus patula, Achras sapota, Azadirachta indica, Datura metel, Cymbopogon citrates, Polyalthia longifolia, Allium sativum and Allium cepa in vitro for the management of leaf spot (tikka) disease of groundnut cultivar Dhaka-1 caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Results indicated that all the tested plant extracts and BAUBiofungicide suppressed the growth of mycelium and inhibition of conidial germination of C. arachidicola and C. personatum. Among the treatments, the leaf extracts of L. esculentum showed the most effective followed by leaf extract of D. metel, A. indica and BAU-Biofungicide in case of mycelial growth and conidial germination. Other plant extracts also had inhibitory effects. In case of conidial germination and germination inhibition, the least effective plant extract was C. citrates. Leaf extract of A. sapota was the least effective in case of mycelial growth. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17842 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 36-40, December, 2013

scholarly journals Identification of Transcripts Involved in Resistance Responses to Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Cercosporidium personatum in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Luo ◽  
P. Dang ◽  
M. G. Bausher ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
R. D. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Spot Disease

Late leaf spot disease caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) worldwide. The objective of this research was to identify resistance genes in response to leaf spot disease using microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To identify transcripts involved in disease resistance, we studied the gene expression profiles in two peanut genotypes, resistant or susceptible to leaf spot disease, using cDNA microarray containing 384 unigenes selected from two expressed sequenced tag (EST) cDNA libraries challenged by abiotic and biotic stresses. A total of 112 spots representing 56 genes in several functional categories were detected as up-regulated genes (log2 ratio > 1). Seventeen of the top 20 genes, each matching gene with known function in GenBank, were selected for validation of their expression levels using real-time PCR. The two peanut genotypes were also used to study the functional analysis of these genes and the possible link of these genes to the disease resistance trait. Microarray technology and real-time PCR were used for comparison of gene expression. The selected genes identified by microarray analysis were validated by real-time PCR. These genes were more greatly expressed in the resistant genotype as a result of response to the challenge of C. personatum than in the susceptible genotype. Further investigations are needed to characterize each of these genes in disease resistance. Gene probes could then be developed for application in breeding programs for marker-assisted selection.

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