scholarly journals Use of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Islam ◽  
Farjana Rahman ◽  
Saurab Kisore Munshi ◽  
Jewel Ahmed ◽  
S M Mostafa Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Auramine O

Objective: Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a common problem prevailing in developing countries including Bangladesh. Present study focused on the rapid identification of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis among treatment failure cases.Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from a total of 100 category-I and category-II treatment failure cases, assumed as multidrug resistant tuberculosis, were studied through fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining under light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscope. Considering culture method as gold standard, we also compared the results of FDA staining with that of auramine O staining.Results: A total of 85% acid-fast bacilli were detected by FDA staining, 82% by auramine O staining and a total of 85% isolates were detected in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture. The sensitivity of FDA staining (96.47%) was estimated to be slightly higher than that of auramine O staining (91.76%). Moreover,76.47% cases were detected as multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Conclusion: Taken together, FDA staining method has been proposed to be appropriate for the rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12605 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12

scholarly journals Detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from TB suspected diabetic patients by GeneXpert MTB/RIF method

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Asmaul Husna ◽  
Tushar Kanti Dhar ◽  
Saurab Kishore Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Auramine O ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become one of the major public health menace in the developing countries which have destructive consequences in immunocompromised patients. Rapid detection of such cases is indispensable to initiate the early and proper treatment of the infected individuals. Present study was conducted to determine the frequency of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among the TB suspected diabetic patients employing GeneXpert MTB/RIF method. A total of 1311 sputum specimens were tested among which 154 (11.7%), 109 (8.3%) and 92 (7%) were found to carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis by GeneXpert, auramine O staining and Zeihl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining methods, consecutively. The relative positivity of the GeneXpert method was 40.3% and 29.2% higher than that of Z-N and auramine O staining methods. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of GeneXpert method were found to be higher when compared to these microscopic techniques. An estimation of 12.9% (n=132) of the positive cases was found among the diabetic patients (n=1027), whereas 7.7% (n=22) of the non-diabetic patients (n=284) showed positivity by GeneXpert method. Four (2.6%) among the MTB positive cases exhibited rifampicin resistance of which 3 were diabetic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22754 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 9-12

scholarly journals Analysis ofembCABMutations Associated with Ethambutol Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from China

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 2045-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-li Zhao ◽  
Qing Sun ◽  
Hai-can Liu ◽  
Xiao-cui Wu ◽  
Tong-yang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Beijing Family ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Candidate Predictor ◽  
Mdr Tb

ABSTRACTEthambutol (EMB) plays a pivotal role in the chemotherapy of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Resistance to EMB is considered to be caused by mutations in theembCABoperon (embC,embA, andembB). In this study, we analyzed theembCABmutations among 139 MDR-TB isolates from China and found a possible association betweenembCABoperon mutation and EMB resistance. Our data indicate that 56.8% of MDR-TB isolates are resistant to EMB, and 82.2% of EMB-resistant isolates belong to the Beijing family. Overall, 110 (79.1%) MDR-TB isolates had at least one mutation in theembCABoperon. The majority of mutations were present in theembBgene and theembAupstream region, which also displayed significant correlations with EMB resistance. The most common mutations occurred at codon 306 inembB(embB306), followed byembB406,embA(−16), andembB497. Mutations atembB306 were associated with EMB resistance. DNA sequencing ofembB306–497 was the best strategy for detecting EMB resistance, with 89.9% sensitivity, 58.3% specificity, and 76.3% accuracy. Additionally,embB306 had limited value as a candidate predictor for EMB resistance among MDR-TB infections in China.

scholarly journals Bazedoxifene Suppresses Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth by Enhancing Autophagy

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Ouyang ◽  
Kehong Zhang ◽  
Dachuan Lin ◽  
Carl G. Feng ◽  
Yi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
New Host ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Negative Side Effects

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading killer caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. There is a clear need for new treatment strategy against TB. It has been reported that tamoxifen, known as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), exhibits antimycobacterial activity and inhibits M. tuberculosis growth in macrophages. However, it remains unknown whether such antimicrobial activity is a general property of all SERMs and how it works. In this study, we identified that bazedoxifene (BZA), a newer SERM, inhibits intracellular M. tuberculosis growth in macrophages. BZA treatment increases autophagosome formation and LC3B-II protein expression in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. We further demonstrated that the enhancement of autophagy by BZA is dependent on increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and associated with phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR signaling. In summary, our data reveal a previously unappreciated antimicrobial function of BZA and suggest that future investigation focusing on the mechanism of action of SERMs in macrophages may lead to new host-directed therapies against TB. IMPORTANCE Since current strategies for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have low efficacy and highly negative side effects, research on new treatments including novel drugs is essential for curing drug-resistant tuberculosis. Host-directed therapy (HDT) has become a promising idea to modulate host cell responses to enhance protective immunity against pathogens. Bazedoxifene (BZA), which belongs to a new generation of SERMs, shows the ability to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis in macrophages and is associated with autophagy. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized antibacterial function of BZA. We propose that the mechanism of SERMs action in macrophages may provide a new potential measure for host-directed therapies against TB.

scholarly journals Association between embB Codon 306 Mutations and Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2618-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Shen ◽  
Guo-miao Shen ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Xiao-hong Gui ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Candidate Marker ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT embB306 mutants were detected in both ethambutol (EMB)-resistant and EMB-susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains had a higher proportion of embB306 mutants than non-MDR strains (odds ratio, 6.78; P < 0.001). The embB306 locus is a candidate marker for rapid detection of MDR and extremely drug resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Novel drugs against tuberculosis: a clinician's perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Diana Olaru ◽  
Florian von Groote-Bidlingmaier ◽  
Jan Heyckendorf ◽  
Wing Wai Yew ◽  
Christoph Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Phase Ii Clinical Trials ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Phase Ii And Iii

The United Nations Millennium Development Goal of reversing the global spread of tuberculosis by 2015 has been offset by the rampant re-emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, in particular fluoroquinolone-resistant multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. After decades of quiescence in the development of antituberculosis medications, bedaquiline and delamanid have been conditionally approved for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, while several other novel compounds (AZD5847, PA-824, SQ109 and sutezolid) have been evaluated in phase II clinical trials. Before novel drugs can find their place in the battle against drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid has been compassionately used with success in the treatment of fluoroquinolone-resistant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This review largely discusses six novel drugs that have been evaluated in phase II and III clinical trials, with focus on the clinical evidence for efficacy and safety, potential drug interactions, and prospect for using multiple novel drugs in new regimens.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Adultsundergoing Treatment For Tuberculosis In Tigray Region, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kidane Zereabruk ◽  
Tensay Kahsay ◽  
Hiyab Teklemichael ◽  
Woldu Aberhe ◽  
Abrha Hailay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs namely, Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has continued to be a challenge for tuberculosis control globally. Globally 600,000 people were newly eligible for Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment with an estimated 240,000 deaths annually. There are few numbers of multi drug resistant tuberculosis studies in different regions of Ethiopia. However, most of these studies were restricted only to a single hospital and there is no published information regarding multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Tigray region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the determinants of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among adults undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in Tigray region, Ethiopia.Methods A hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted from April to June, 2019. Simple random sampling method was used to select 85 cases and 169 controls. Primary data was collected by face-to-face interview and secondary data by reviewing patients’ charts using pretested structured questionnaires. The data were entered and cleaned using Epi data manager then exported to SPSS for analysis. Binary Logistic regression model was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit and Variance inflation factor was used to assess multi collinearity between the independent variables. Variables at p-value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis was entered into a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Finally, level of significance was declared at p-value <0.05.Results A total of 254 participants with 85 cases and 169 controls were included in this study. Of the respondents, 62 (36.7%) among the controls and 48 (56.5%) among the cases were living in rural residence. Rural residence [AOR=2.54;95%CI=1.34,4.83], HIV[AOR=4.5;95%CI=1.4,14.2], relapse [AOR=3.86;95%CI;1.98,7.5], return after lost follow up [AOR=6.29;95% 1.64,24.2], treatment failure [AOR=5.87; CI=1.39,24.8] were among the determinants of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.Conclusion Rural residence, HIV, relapse, return after lost follow up and treatment failure were the identified determinant factors of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Status of antituberculosis drug resistance in Saudi Arabia 1979-98

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 664-670
Author(s):  
K. K. Abu Amero
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

All published material on the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis within Saudi Arabia over the period 1979-98 was reviewed. The prevalence of single-drug-resistant tuberculosis ranged from 3.4% to 41% for isoniazid, 0% to 23.4% for rifampicin, 0.7% to 22.7% for streptomycin and 0% to 6.9% for ethambutol. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [defined by WHO as resist1qance to two or more first-line antituberculosis drugs] ranged from 1.5% to 44% in different regions. No strong conclusions could be drawn owing to variations in the populations studied, geographical origins, site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation [pulmonary or extrapulmonary] and drug sensitivity testing. However, the need to develop a standardized national policy for surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia is clear

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