scholarly journals Determinants Of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Adultsundergoing Treatment For Tuberculosis In Tigray Region, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kidane Zereabruk ◽  
Tensay Kahsay ◽  
Hiyab Teklemichael ◽  
Woldu Aberhe ◽  
Abrha Hailay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs namely, Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has continued to be a challenge for tuberculosis control globally. Globally 600,000 people were newly eligible for Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment with an estimated 240,000 deaths annually. There are few numbers of multi drug resistant tuberculosis studies in different regions of Ethiopia. However, most of these studies were restricted only to a single hospital and there is no published information regarding multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Tigray region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the determinants of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among adults undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in Tigray region, Ethiopia.Methods A hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted from April to June, 2019. Simple random sampling method was used to select 85 cases and 169 controls. Primary data was collected by face-to-face interview and secondary data by reviewing patients’ charts using pretested structured questionnaires. The data were entered and cleaned using Epi data manager then exported to SPSS for analysis. Binary Logistic regression model was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit and Variance inflation factor was used to assess multi collinearity between the independent variables. Variables at p-value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis was entered into a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Finally, level of significance was declared at p-value <0.05.Results A total of 254 participants with 85 cases and 169 controls were included in this study. Of the respondents, 62 (36.7%) among the controls and 48 (56.5%) among the cases were living in rural residence. Rural residence [AOR=2.54;95%CI=1.34,4.83], HIV[AOR=4.5;95%CI=1.4,14.2], relapse [AOR=3.86;95%CI;1.98,7.5], return after lost follow up [AOR=6.29;95% 1.64,24.2], treatment failure [AOR=5.87; CI=1.39,24.8] were among the determinants of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.Conclusion Rural residence, HIV, relapse, return after lost follow up and treatment failure were the identified determinant factors of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Adults Undergoing Treatment For Tuberculosis In Tigray Region, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kidane Zereabruk ◽  
Tensay Kahsay ◽  
Hiyab Teklemichael ◽  
Woldu Aberhe ◽  
Abrha Hailay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs namely, Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has continued to be a challenge for tuberculosis control globally. Globally 600,000 people were newly eligible for Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment with an estimated 240,000 deaths annually. There are few numbers of multi drug resistant tuberculosis studies in different regions of Ethiopia. However, most of these studies were restricted only to a single hospital and there is no published information regarding multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Tigray region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the determinants of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among adults undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in Tigray region, Ethiopia.Methods A hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted from April to June, 2019. Simple random sampling method was used to select 85 cases and 169 controls. Primary data was collected by face-to-face interview and secondary data by reviewing patients’ charts using pretested structured questionnaires. The data were entered and cleaned using Epi data manager then exported to SPSS for analysis. Binary Logistic regression model was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit and Variance inflation factor was used to assess multi collinearity between the independent variables. Variables at p-value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis was entered into a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Finally, level of significance was declared at p-value <0.05.Results A total of 254 participants with 85 cases and 169 controls were included in this study. Of the respondents, 62 (36.7%) among the controls and 48 (56.5%) among the cases were living in rural residence. Rural residence [AOR=2.54;95%CI=1.34,4.83], HIV[AOR=4.5;95%CI=1.4,14.2], relapse [AOR=3.86;95%CI;1.98,7.5], return after lost follow up [AOR=6.29;95% 1.64,24.2], treatment failure [AOR=5.87; CI=1.39,24.8] were among the determinants of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.Conclusion Rural residence, HIV, relapse, return after lost follow up and treatment failure were the identified determinant factors of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric reactions induced by cycloserine in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: what an Indian female patient tells us

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e230993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Intini ◽  
Girija Kishore ◽  
Luca Richeldi ◽  
Zarir F Udwadia
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Group B

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to be a public health crisis. Urgent action is required to improve the coverage and quality of diagnosis, treatment and care for people affected by drug-resistant tuberculosis. To implement tuberculosis control, in 2018, WHO recommended cycloserine as one of the Group B drugs. Following this recommendation, cycloserine should be generally included in the starting line-up in the longer regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. However, neurological toxicity associated with this drug concerns clinicians and limits its use. In this paper, we present a case of a 48-year-old woman with a diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treated with cycloserine, who developed psychiatric adverse events after 3 months of administration. This case shows the need for close psychiatric follow-up to promptly detect adverse events in patients receiving regimens for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Modelling the Role of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Health Education on Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maliyoni ◽  
P. M. M. Mwamtobe ◽  
S. D. Hove-Musekwa ◽  
J. M. Tchuenche
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis, an airborne disease affecting almost a third of the world’s population remains one of the major public health burdens globally, and the resurgence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa calls for concern. To gain insight into its qualitative dynamics at the population level, mathematical modeling which require as inputs key demographic and epidemiological information can fill in gaps where field and lab data are not readily available. A deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis to assess the impact of diagnosis, treatment, and health education is formulated. The model assumes that exposed individuals develop active tuberculosis due to endogenous activation and exogenous re-infection. Treatment is offered to all infected individuals except those latently infected with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Qualitative analysis using the theory of dynamical systems shows that, in addition to the disease-free equilibrium, there exists a unique dominant locally asymptotically stable equilibrium corresponding to each strain. Numerical simulations suggest that, at the current level of control strategies (with Malawi as a case study), the drug-sensitive tuberculosis can be completely eliminated from the population, thereby reducing multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

Exploring patient-provider factors for risk of developing Multi-drug Resistance Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia: Qualitative Operation Research (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitagesu Habtu ◽  
Tesema Bereku ◽  
Girma Alemu ◽  
Ermias Abera
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND Ethiopia is one of among thirty high burden countries of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the regions of world health organization. Contextual evidence on the emergence of the disease is limited at a program level. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to explore patient-provider factors that may facilitate the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. METHODS We used a phenomenological study design of qualitative approach from June to July, 2015. We conducted ten in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions with purposely selected patients and providers. We designed and used an interview guide to collect data. Verbatim transcribes were exported to open code 3.4 for emerging thematic analysis. Domain summaries were used to support core interpretation. RESULTS The study explored patient-provider factors facilitating the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. These factors as underlying, health system and patient-related factors. Especially, the a shows conflicting finding between having a history of discontinuing drug-susceptible tuberculosis and emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS The patient-provider factors may result in poor early case identification, adherence to and treatment success in drug sensitive or multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Our study implies the need for awareness creation about multi-drug resistant tuberculosis for patients and further familiarization for providers. This study also shows that patients developed multi-drug resistant tuberculosis though they had never discontinued their drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment. Therefore, further studies may require for this discording finding.

scholarly journals Use of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Islam ◽  
Farjana Rahman ◽  
Saurab Kisore Munshi ◽  
Jewel Ahmed ◽  
S M Mostafa Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Auramine O

Objective: Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a common problem prevailing in developing countries including Bangladesh. Present study focused on the rapid identification of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis among treatment failure cases.Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from a total of 100 category-I and category-II treatment failure cases, assumed as multidrug resistant tuberculosis, were studied through fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining under light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscope. Considering culture method as gold standard, we also compared the results of FDA staining with that of auramine O staining.Results: A total of 85% acid-fast bacilli were detected by FDA staining, 82% by auramine O staining and a total of 85% isolates were detected in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture. The sensitivity of FDA staining (96.47%) was estimated to be slightly higher than that of auramine O staining (91.76%). Moreover,76.47% cases were detected as multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Conclusion: Taken together, FDA staining method has been proposed to be appropriate for the rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12605 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12

Prospects for the use of new generation of anti-tuberculosis drugs in treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Mariia V. Pavlova ◽  
Tatiana I. Vinogradova ◽  
Natalia V. Zabolotnykh ◽  
Elena S. Ershova ◽  
Nadezhda V. Sapozhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

The aim of this work was an experimental and clinical study of increasing of the efficiency of therapy of respiratory tuberculosis with drug resistant pathogen by including a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs of new generation Bedaquiline (Bq) and Thioureidoiminomethylpyridi-nium perchlorate (perchlozone, Tpp) into treatment regimens. The presented results were obtained: in the experiment on a model of tuberculosis infection in 103 male C57black / 6 mice, reproduced by inserting into the lateral vein of the tail of a suspense of clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with multi-drug resistance (MDR) and with various combinations of mutations in the genes; in the clinic on the basis of examination and treatment of 148 patients with multidrug-resistant respiratory tuberculosis. It is shown that the application of the therapy schemes for multiple and broad drug resistant tuberculosis, containing Bq and Tpp in combination with drugs, selected taking into account the drug sensitivity of mycobacteria, allows to significantly reduce the periods of relief of symptoms of intoxication, regression of inflammatory changes, abacillation and achieving positive X-ray dynamics. Undesirable phenomena against the background of combined prescription of new generation drugs, as a rule, corresponded to light and moderate severity, and in frequency of development and expression did not differ from control groups of observation.

scholarly journals Novel drugs against tuberculosis: a clinician's perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Diana Olaru ◽  
Florian von Groote-Bidlingmaier ◽  
Jan Heyckendorf ◽  
Wing Wai Yew ◽  
Christoph Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Phase Ii Clinical Trials ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Phase Ii And Iii

The United Nations Millennium Development Goal of reversing the global spread of tuberculosis by 2015 has been offset by the rampant re-emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, in particular fluoroquinolone-resistant multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. After decades of quiescence in the development of antituberculosis medications, bedaquiline and delamanid have been conditionally approved for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, while several other novel compounds (AZD5847, PA-824, SQ109 and sutezolid) have been evaluated in phase II clinical trials. Before novel drugs can find their place in the battle against drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid has been compassionately used with success in the treatment of fluoroquinolone-resistant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This review largely discusses six novel drugs that have been evaluated in phase II and III clinical trials, with focus on the clinical evidence for efficacy and safety, potential drug interactions, and prospect for using multiple novel drugs in new regimens.

scholarly journals A case of moyamoya disease in a patient with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2215
Author(s):  
Kedar M. Tilak ◽  
Sandhya V. Haribhakta
Keyword(s):  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Cerebral Angiopathy

Moyamoya cerebral angiopathy is characterized by progressive stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery or its branches with subsequent development of basilar collaterals. It is commonly seen in Asian population. Authors present a case report of a 12 year-old boy with Multidrug resistant tuberculosis with Moyamoya disease. Moyamoya disease rarely coexists with tuberculosis. However, we can infer that tuberculosis may coexist in a patient in a patient of Moyamoya disease.

scholarly journals Status of antituberculosis drug resistance in Saudi Arabia 1979-98

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 664-670
Author(s):  
K. K. Abu Amero
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

All published material on the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis within Saudi Arabia over the period 1979-98 was reviewed. The prevalence of single-drug-resistant tuberculosis ranged from 3.4% to 41% for isoniazid, 0% to 23.4% for rifampicin, 0.7% to 22.7% for streptomycin and 0% to 6.9% for ethambutol. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [defined by WHO as resist1qance to two or more first-line antituberculosis drugs] ranged from 1.5% to 44% in different regions. No strong conclusions could be drawn owing to variations in the populations studied, geographical origins, site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation [pulmonary or extrapulmonary] and drug sensitivity testing. However, the need to develop a standardized national policy for surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia is clear

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document