scholarly journals Menopause and Hormone Therapy

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Nahid Yasmin ◽  
Sayeeda Sultana ◽  
Shahin Akhter Jahan Habib
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Menopause Hormone Therapy

Background: Menopause is a natural biological process, not a medical illness. Although it is associated with hormonal, physical and psychosocial changes in life, it is not the end of youth or of sexuality. Several generations ago, few women lived beyond menopause, Today, women may spend as much as half of their life after menopause. Hormone therapy (HT) has been widely used in recent decades to relieve the signs and symptoms of menopause and - doctors thought- to prevent disease associated with aging. However, new long term evidence has demonstrated that hormone therapy may actually increase risk of serious health conditions, such as heart disease , breast cancer and stroke. Oestrogen therapy is still a safe, short -term option for some women, but numerous other therapies also are available to help women manage menopausal symptoms and stay healthy during this important phase of life.   DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v36i2.3612 Bangladesh Medical Journal 36(2) 2007 48-51

scholarly journals Caregivers’ Mental Health and Somatic Symptoms During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung S Park
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Objectives This study examines differences in the mental and physical health of the U.S. population during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic among 3 groups: noncaregivers, short-term caregivers (1 year or less), and long-term caregivers (greater than 1 year). Methods Data from the Understanding America Study are used to describe group differences in reports of psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Logistic and negative binomial regression models are used to examine whether these differences persist after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and prepandemic health conditions. To understand within-group differences in caregiving demands, the intensity of care provided by short-term and long-term caregivers, as well as selected patients’ health conditions are summarized. Results Adults’ mental and physical health varied substantially by caregiver status. Caregivers continued to fare worse than noncaregivers in terms of mental health and fatigue, and long-term caregivers were more likely to report headache, body aches, and abdominal discomfort than both short-term caregivers and noncaregivers, net of controls. The nature of caregiving differed between short-term and long-term caregivers, with the latter more likely to provide greater hours of care, and to be looking after patients with permanent medical conditions. Discussion Efforts to understand and mitigate the impact of the pandemic on population health should include caregivers, whose mental and physical health were already vulnerable before COVID-19.

scholarly journals Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Saygın Avşar ◽  
Hugh McLeod ◽  
Louise Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and the postpartum period has serious health outcomes for the mother and infant. Although some systematic reviews have shown the impact of maternal SDP on particular conditions, a systematic review examining the overall health outcomes has not been published. Hence, this paper aimed to conduct an umbrella review on this issue. Methods A systematic review of systematic reviews (umbrella review) was conducted according to a protocol submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42018086350). CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CRD Database and HMIC databases were searched to include all studies published in English by 31 December 2017, except those focusing exclusively on low-income countries. Two researchers conducted the study selection and quality assessment independently. Results The review included 64 studies analysing the relationship between maternal SDP and 46 health conditions. The highest increase in risks was found for sudden infant death syndrome, asthma, stillbirth, low birth weight and obesity amongst infants. The impact of SDP was associated with the number of cigarettes consumed. According to the causal link analysis, five mother-related and ten infant-related conditions had a causal link with SDP. In addition, some studies reported protective impacts of SDP on pre-eclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum and skin defects on infants. The review identified important gaps in the literature regarding the dose-response association, exposure window, postnatal smoking. Conclusions The review shows that maternal SDP is not only associated with short-term health conditions (e.g. preterm birth, oral clefts) but also some which can have life-long detrimental impacts (e.g. obesity, intellectual impairment). Implications This umbrella review provides a comprehensive analysis of the overall health impacts of SDP. The study findings indicate that while estimating health and cost outcomes of SDP, long-term health impacts should be considered as well as short-term effects since studies not including the long-term outcomes would underestimate the magnitude of the issue. Also, interventions for pregnant women who smoke should consider the impact of reducing smoking due to health benefits on mothers and infants, and not solely cessation.

scholarly journals Gold Standard of Symptomatic treatment in Parkinson disease: Carbidopa / Levodopa

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslam Pathan ◽  
Abdulrahman Alshahrani
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Pharmacological Data

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders, affecting approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years and causing progressive disability that can be slowed but not halted, by treatment. The goal of the medical management of Parkinson's disease is to provide control of signs and symptoms for as long as possible while minimizing adverse effects. Levodopa coupled with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (PDI), such as carbidopa, remains the gold standard of symptomatic treatment of motor features of Parkinson's disease. It provides the greatest antiparkinsonian benefit with the fewest adverse effects in the short term. However, its long-term use is associated with the development of fluctuations and dyskinesias. This review article is written to summarize the clinical and pharmacological data of carbidopa and levodopa which will be helpful to neurologists and physicians.

scholarly journals Apportionment of Funds to Mining-Impacted Communities within Forest Reserve Environments in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Gordon Foli ◽  
George Obeng ◽  
Michael Adjaloo ◽  
Donald Amrago ◽  
Ebenezer Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forest Reserve

This paper uses risk assessment of socio-economic and environmental indicators to develop criteria for apportionment (AP) of funds to communities impacted by mining activities within a Forest Reserve environment in Ghana. A t-test statistic of assessment data shows that factors such as; cost of living, health conditions, air pollution, water contamination, land degradation and distance (D km) are significant. Ratings of the factors using a 1-5 intensity scale to determine risk values (RV) for communities indicate that RV of 25 requires no remediation, while (25-RV) is remediation factor. A long-term AP criterion using the ranked risk (RR) values is defined by the equation APRR%=7.45-0.233(RR) with R2 of 0.961. Based on this criterion, communities D and S which are located at 1.5 and 16.1km from the mining focus have APRR values of 7.23% and 2.26%, respectively. APRR% in relation to distance is defined by the equation APRR%=7.22-0.281(D) with R2 of 0.647. RR-dependent distance equation (APD %) is used to deduce a short-term criterion defined by K*APD%=4.13-0.097(RR), where K is a constant. The expression of (APRR-K*APD) represents the residual apportionment required after a long-term assessment. The findings in this research demonstrate well-defined patterns that can be replicated for similar future projects.

scholarly journals Surgical vs Natural Menopause: Cognitive Issues

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
VW Henderson ◽  
BB Sherwin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Surgical Menopause ◽  
Cognitive Consequences

Abstract Objective Women who undergo both natural and surgical menopause experience the loss of cyclic ovarian production of estrogen, but hormonal and demographic differences distinguish these two groups of women. Our objective was to review published evidence on whether the premature cessation of endogenous estrogen production in women who underwent a surgical menopause has deleterious consequences for cognitive aging and to determine whether consequences differ for women if they undergo natural menopause. Studies of estrogen-containing hormone therapy are relevant to this issue. Design We reviewed evidence-based research, including the systematic identification of randomized clinical trials of hormone therapy with cognitive outcomes that included an objective measure of episodic memory. Results As inferred from very small, short-term, randomized, controled trials of high-dose estrogen treatment, surgical menopause may be accompanied by cognitive impairment that primarily affects verbal episodic memory. Observational evidence suggests that the natural menopausal transition is not accompanied by substantial changes in cognitive abilities. For initiation of hormone therapy during perimenopause or early postmenopause when the ovaries are intact, limited clinical trial data provide no consistent evidence of short-term benefit or harm. There is stronger clinical trial evidence that initiation of hormone therapy in late postmenopause does not benefit episodic memory or other cognitive skills. Conclusion Further research is needed on the long-term cognitive consequences of surgical menopause and long-term cognitive consequences of hormone therapy initiated near the time of surgical or natural menopause. A potential short-term cognitive benefit might be weighed when a premenopausal woman considers initiation of estrogen therapy at the time of, or soon after, hysterectomy and oophorectomy for benign conditions, although data are still quite limited and estrogen is not approved for this indication. Older postmenopausal women should not initiate hormone therapy to improve or maintain cognitive skills.

Growth hormone therapy in children: predictive factors and short-term and long-term response criteria

Endocrine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Pozzobon ◽  
Cristina Partenope ◽  
Stefano Mora ◽  
Gisella Garbetta ◽  
Giovanna Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Growth Hormone Therapy ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Response

Short-term clinical outcome after acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (05) ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Conget ◽  
Remedios Otero ◽  
David Martí ◽  
Carlos Escobar ◽  
Consolación Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Arterial Hypotension ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Recurrent Vte

SummaryThough studies have identified clinical variables that predict adverse events in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), they have typically not differentiated short-term from long-term predictors.This multicenter prospective cohort study included consecutive outpatients with objectively confirmed symptomatic acute PE.We analyzed the incidence and time course of death, venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence, and major bleeding, and we compared event rates during short-term (first week) and long-term (3 months) follow-up after the diagnosis of PE.We also assessed risk factors for short-term mortality. During the first three months after diagnosis of PE, 142 of 1,338 (10.6%) patients died.Thirty-six deaths (2.7%) occurred during the first week after diagnosis of PE,and 61.1% of these were due to PE.Thirty-eight patients (2.8%) had recurrent VTE during the three-month follow-up, though none of the recurrences occurred during the first week after diagnosis of PE. During the three-month follow-up, major bleeding occurred in 48 patients (3.6%). Twenty-one (1.6%) major bleeds occurred during the first week of follow-up,and nine of these were fatal. Short-term mortality was significantly increased in patients who initially presented with systolic arterial hypotension (odds ratio [OR] 3.35; 95% CI, 1.51-5.41) or immobilization due to a medical illness (OR 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-6.39).In con-clusion,during the first week after the diagnosis of PE, death and major bleeding occur more frequently than recurrent VTE. Patients with systolic arterial hypotension and immobilization at the time of PE diagnosis had an increased isk of short-term mortality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document