scholarly journals Apportionment of Funds to Mining-Impacted Communities within Forest Reserve Environments in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Gordon Foli ◽  
George Obeng ◽  
Michael Adjaloo ◽  
Donald Amrago ◽  
Ebenezer Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forest Reserve

This paper uses risk assessment of socio-economic and environmental indicators to develop criteria for apportionment (AP) of funds to communities impacted by mining activities within a Forest Reserve environment in Ghana. A t-test statistic of assessment data shows that factors such as; cost of living, health conditions, air pollution, water contamination, land degradation and distance (D km) are significant. Ratings of the factors using a 1-5 intensity scale to determine risk values (RV) for communities indicate that RV of 25 requires no remediation, while (25-RV) is remediation factor. A long-term AP criterion using the ranked risk (RR) values is defined by the equation APRR%=7.45-0.233(RR) with R2 of 0.961. Based on this criterion, communities D and S which are located at 1.5 and 16.1km from the mining focus have APRR values of 7.23% and 2.26%, respectively. APRR% in relation to distance is defined by the equation APRR%=7.22-0.281(D) with R2 of 0.647. RR-dependent distance equation (APD %) is used to deduce a short-term criterion defined by K*APD%=4.13-0.097(RR), where K is a constant. The expression of (APRR-K*APD) represents the residual apportionment required after a long-term assessment. The findings in this research demonstrate well-defined patterns that can be replicated for similar future projects.

scholarly journals Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Ilaria Piccoli ◽  
Felice Sartori ◽  
Riccardo Polese ◽  
Maurizio Borin ◽  
Antonio Berti
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
P Balance

Agri-environmental indicators such as nutrient balance may play a key role in soil and water quality monitoring, although short-term experiments might be unable to capture the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the reliability of long-term experimental N and P balance estimates to predict real field (RF) (i.e., short-term transitory) conditions; and (ii) to compare the sustainability of short- and long-term experiments. The LTE-based predictions showed that crops are generally over-fertilised in RF conditions, particularly maize. Nutrient balance predictions based on the LTE data tended to be more optimistic than those observed under RF conditions, which are often characterised by lower outputs; in particular, 13, 44, and 47% lower yields were observed for winter wheat, maize, and soybean, respectively, under organic management. The graphical evaluation of N and P use efficiency demonstrated the benefit of adopting crop rotation practices and the risk of nutrient loss when liquid organic fertiliser was applied on a long-term basis. In conclusion, LTE predictions may depend upon specific RF conditions, representing potential N and P use efficiencies that, in RF, may be reduced by crop yield-limiting factors and the specific implemented crop sequence.

scholarly journals Caregivers’ Mental Health and Somatic Symptoms During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung S Park
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Objectives This study examines differences in the mental and physical health of the U.S. population during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic among 3 groups: noncaregivers, short-term caregivers (1 year or less), and long-term caregivers (greater than 1 year). Methods Data from the Understanding America Study are used to describe group differences in reports of psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Logistic and negative binomial regression models are used to examine whether these differences persist after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and prepandemic health conditions. To understand within-group differences in caregiving demands, the intensity of care provided by short-term and long-term caregivers, as well as selected patients’ health conditions are summarized. Results Adults’ mental and physical health varied substantially by caregiver status. Caregivers continued to fare worse than noncaregivers in terms of mental health and fatigue, and long-term caregivers were more likely to report headache, body aches, and abdominal discomfort than both short-term caregivers and noncaregivers, net of controls. The nature of caregiving differed between short-term and long-term caregivers, with the latter more likely to provide greater hours of care, and to be looking after patients with permanent medical conditions. Discussion Efforts to understand and mitigate the impact of the pandemic on population health should include caregivers, whose mental and physical health were already vulnerable before COVID-19.

Integrative Nursing Management of Intestinal Disturbances

2018 ◽  
pp. 240-257
Author(s):  
Cheryl Lacasse ◽  
Kelly Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Normal Function ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Disturbances of the intestinal system are common across all populations and range from short term, self-limiting alterations in normal function to long-term alterations that have a major impact on overall health and wellbeing. This chapter reviews two of the most common intestinal disturbances—constipation and diarrhea. A comprehensive overview of each symptom provides a physiologic basis for understanding constipation and diarrhea. The discussion of each symptom includes key assessment data that provides a person-centered view of the symptom. In addition, in-depth, evidence-informed information on interventions is discussed. Both key assessment data and interventions are based on an integrative nursing approach to care. The chapter concludes with a complex case study that applies principles of integrative nursing and evidence-informed principles to assessment and treatment of an individual with intestinal disturbances.

scholarly journals Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Saygın Avşar ◽  
Hugh McLeod ◽  
Louise Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and the postpartum period has serious health outcomes for the mother and infant. Although some systematic reviews have shown the impact of maternal SDP on particular conditions, a systematic review examining the overall health outcomes has not been published. Hence, this paper aimed to conduct an umbrella review on this issue. Methods A systematic review of systematic reviews (umbrella review) was conducted according to a protocol submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42018086350). CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CRD Database and HMIC databases were searched to include all studies published in English by 31 December 2017, except those focusing exclusively on low-income countries. Two researchers conducted the study selection and quality assessment independently. Results The review included 64 studies analysing the relationship between maternal SDP and 46 health conditions. The highest increase in risks was found for sudden infant death syndrome, asthma, stillbirth, low birth weight and obesity amongst infants. The impact of SDP was associated with the number of cigarettes consumed. According to the causal link analysis, five mother-related and ten infant-related conditions had a causal link with SDP. In addition, some studies reported protective impacts of SDP on pre-eclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum and skin defects on infants. The review identified important gaps in the literature regarding the dose-response association, exposure window, postnatal smoking. Conclusions The review shows that maternal SDP is not only associated with short-term health conditions (e.g. preterm birth, oral clefts) but also some which can have life-long detrimental impacts (e.g. obesity, intellectual impairment). Implications This umbrella review provides a comprehensive analysis of the overall health impacts of SDP. The study findings indicate that while estimating health and cost outcomes of SDP, long-term health impacts should be considered as well as short-term effects since studies not including the long-term outcomes would underestimate the magnitude of the issue. Also, interventions for pregnant women who smoke should consider the impact of reducing smoking due to health benefits on mothers and infants, and not solely cessation.

Analysing tourists’ arrivals from the US to Taiwan for various purposes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Yen-Hsun Chen
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Many ◽  
Term Analysis

Faced with the many diverse products supplied by modern tourism agents, it is important to understand the differences among tourists’ demands, based on their different travelling purposes. This paper tries to sort US tourists by their purposes for which they came to Taiwan and to understand how economic factors affect US tourists’ decisions to travel. For the long-term analysis, Johansen’s cointegration test is used to discern if a long-term relationship exists. To conduct a short-term analysis, this paper employs vector autoregression to estimate the responses of US tourists for specific purposes to the shocks of changes in gross national income, cost of living and substitute price. The short-term equilibrium adjustment processes are discussed in terms of generalised impulse responses.

scholarly journals Menopause and Hormone Therapy

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Nahid Yasmin ◽  
Sayeeda Sultana ◽  
Shahin Akhter Jahan Habib
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Menopause Hormone Therapy

Background: Menopause is a natural biological process, not a medical illness. Although it is associated with hormonal, physical and psychosocial changes in life, it is not the end of youth or of sexuality. Several generations ago, few women lived beyond menopause, Today, women may spend as much as half of their life after menopause. Hormone therapy (HT) has been widely used in recent decades to relieve the signs and symptoms of menopause and - doctors thought- to prevent disease associated with aging. However, new long term evidence has demonstrated that hormone therapy may actually increase risk of serious health conditions, such as heart disease , breast cancer and stroke. Oestrogen therapy is still a safe, short -term option for some women, but numerous other therapies also are available to help women manage menopausal symptoms and stay healthy during this important phase of life.   DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v36i2.3612 Bangladesh Medical Journal 36(2) 2007 48-51

scholarly journals Innovative Variance Corrected Sen’s Trend Test on Persistent Hydrometeorological Data

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Wenpeng Wang ◽  
Yuelong Zhu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yuanfang Chen ◽  
Xu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Trend Detection ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Stepwise Procedure ◽  
Factual Data ◽  
Over Time

Trend detection in observations helps one to identify anthropogenic forces on natural hydrological and climatic systems. Hydrometeorological data are often persistent over time that deviates from the assumption of independence used by many statistical methods. A recently proposed Sen’s trend test claimed to be free of this problem and thereby received widespread attention. However, both theoretical derivation and stochastic simulation of the current study implies that persistence inflates the trend significance, leading to false trends. To tackle this problem, we incorporate the feature of persistence into the variance of the trend test statistic, whereby an innovative variance-corrected Sen’s trend test is developed. Two theoretical variances of the trend test statistic are newly derived to account for short-term and long-term persistent behavior. The original variance for independent data is also corrected because of its negative bias. A stepwise procedure, including steps to specify the underlying persistent behavior and to test trend with new statistic, is outlined for performing the new test on factual data. Variance-corrected Sen’s trend test can effectively restore the inflated trend significance back to its nominal state. This study may call for the reassessment of published results of the original Sen’s trend test on data with persistence.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

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