scholarly journals Biology of common rose butterfly, Pachliopta aristolochiae Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) on the host plant, Aristolochia indica L. (Aristolochiaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Md Maksudul Alam ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
Humayun Reza Khan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Feeding Potential ◽  
Potential Rate

To study the biology of Pachliopta aristolochiae on its host plant Aristolochia indica singly laid eggs on the host plant were collected from the field and reared in the laboratory under optimum conditions of temperature (28 ± 3 °C) and relative humidity (70 ± 5% RH). Incubation period of the egg was 5.0 ± 0.6 days, larval developmental period was 11 ± 0.3 days, pre?pupal period was 0.87 ± 0.08 day, and the pupation took 12 ± 0.63 days. The length of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae were 4.0 ± 0.63, 9 ± 0.63, 22.6 ± 5.2 and 38.2 ± 4.70 mm, respectively. The feeding potential rate of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae were 11.4 ± 5.04, 29.6 ± 5.12, 51.4 ± 6.0 and 72.8 ± 4.9%, respectively. The weight of the faeces of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae were 0.012 ± 0.004, 0.047 ± 0.018, 0.0114 ± 0.023 and 0.274 ± 0.045 gm, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i2.20090 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 109-117, 2014

scholarly journals Biology of Gram Blue Butterfly, Euchrysops Cnejus (Fabricius) (Lycaenidae: Lapidoptera) and its Relationship with the Phenology of Host-plant (Vigna Unguiculata: Fabaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajeda Akand ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
Humayun Reza Khan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Blue Butterfly

The biology of the gram blue butterfly, Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius) (Lycaenidae: Lapidoptera) and its relationship with the phenology of host plant cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. (Fabaceae) were studied. Eggs were reared under the laboratory conditions at 28 ± 20C and 74 ± 3% RH. The incubation period of the eggs found to be 2.33 ± 0.51 days, larval developmental period 14.65 ± 0.51 days, pre-pupal period 0.30 ± 0.04 day and pupal period 5.66 ± 0.51 days. The species took 22.94 ± 0.55 days for development from egg to adult under the laboratory condition. The length of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae was 3.66 ± 0.40, 6.16 ± 0.51, 12.16 ± 0.51 and 15.33 ± 0.40 mm, respectively. The pre-pupal length was 9.16 ± 0.61 mm and the pupal length was 9.08 ± 0.37 mm. The host-plant occurs in the field from February to July. The butterfly appeared in March. The coincidence of the gram blue butterfly to its host-plant occurred between April and early July. The oviposition behaviour, incubation and immature stages were found to be profoundly related with host plant-phenological phases.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 39, No. 2, 241-248, 2015

scholarly journals Effects of temperature, relative humidity and host on the biology of anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: pteromalidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
KN Ahmed ◽  
MR Hasan ◽  
H Ahmed ◽  
MA Hannan ◽  
SK Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Rhizopertha Dominica ◽  
Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Developmental period of the pteromalid wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae, was observed in the laboratory using two types of hosts at different constant temperature and relative humidity. The developmental period ranged from 28.6 ± 6.6 days at 20°C temperature and 90% R.H. to 10.7 ± 2.1 days at 35°C and 90% R.H. Mating of the adult parasites occurred shortly after emergence at all the temperature regimes and relative humidities under study period. The female started laying eggs within 1 day at 25, 30 and 35°C and in about 1.5 – 2.0 days at 20°C. Relative humidity had no appreciable effect on oviposition. The incubation period was 2.1 ± 0.1 days at 20°C and 50% R.H. The larval period decreased from 9.3 ± 0.1 days at 20°C to 3.2 ± 0.1 days at 35°C. The relative humidity played no pronounced effect on the larval durations. The developmental period from egg to adult with Rhizopertha dominica as host was found to be shorter, being approximately one day less than that of S. oryzae as host. The duration of developmental period of male was less than that of female irrespective of temperatures and relative humidity conditions. The pupal period in female individuals decreased from 15.5 ± 0.1 days at 20ºC to 5.1 ± 0.1 days at 35ºC. The variations in relative humidity at different constant temperatures lengthened the pupal period to a lesser extent as was revealed form the experiments performed.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(1): 87-96, 2013

scholarly journals Biology of the Wild SilkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) in the Kakamega Forest of Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mbahin ◽  
S. K. Raina ◽  
E. N. Kioko ◽  
J. M. Mueke
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Indigenous Forest

A study on the life cycle of the silkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) was conducted in two different habitats of the Kakamega Forest in western Kenya: Ikuywa, an indigenous forest, and Isecheno, a mixed indigenous forest. Eggs were laid in clusters, and the incubation period ranged from 40 to 45 days. Larvae fed onBridelia micrantha(Hochst) and passed through seven instars. The developmental period took between 83 to 86 days in the dry season and 112 to118 days in the rainy season. The pupal period ranged between 158 and 178 days in the rainy season and, on the other hand, between 107 and 138 days in the dry season. But the later caught up in development with those that formed earlier. Moths emerged from mid-October until mid-May. Longevity of adultAnaphe pandamoths took between 4 and 6 days, but generally females seemed to live longer than males. The moth also seems to have higher lifespan in the indigenous forest compared to the mixed indigenous forest.

Observations on the biology of Lycts Brunneus (Steph.)

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Gay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Wood Moisture Content ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Wood Moisture

An account is given of certain aspects of the biology of Lyctus brunneus (Steph.). Female beetles are able to oviposit within 24 hr. after emerging from infested timber and deposit an average of more than 70 eggs per female over a period of 1-2 weeks. Eggs are deposited at depths of 1.0-6.5 mm. in the wood vessels, preferentially from a transverse surface, but also through radial and tangential faces. The incubation period of the eggs ranges from about 1 week at 26�C, to 3 weeks at 15�C. The egg-adult developmental period ranges from 4 months at 26�C. to 16 months or more at 15�C. Under optimal conditions of temperature, relative humidity (and hence wood moisture content), and nutrition, the life cycle may be as short as 2 months. The sex ratio of L. brunneus is 1 : 1 and the adult beetles live from 2.5 to 7 weeks, depending upon the temperature, females being somewhat longer-lived than males. The larvae of L. brunneus are somewhat more resistant to heat treatment than are the eggs, but one 1/2hr. exposure to 50�C. is completely lethal to both stages.

scholarly journals BIONOMICS OF THE JUTE YELLOW MITE, POLYPHAGOTARSONEMUS LATUS (BANKS) (ACARI: TARSONEMIDAE) IN JUTE (CORCHORUS OLITORIUS L.) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Md. Nazrul Islam ◽  
Khandakar Shariful Islam ◽  
Mahbuba Jahan ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Successive Generations

The jute yellow mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus constitutes one of the major pests of jute crop in Bangladesh. The objective of this work was to study the biology of the P.latus, to determine its temperature-humidity responces in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) var. O-9897. Bionomics of jute yellow mite, Polyphagotarsonemus laenerationtus (Banks) were studied in the laboratory of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute during March 2013 to September 2013. The incubation period of yellow mite on the variety O-9897 was 1.95 days for female and 1.90 days for male; larval period of 1.00 days for female, 0.75 days for male ; pupal period of 0.70 days for female and 0.71 days for male ; egg-adult period of 3.65 days for female and 3.44 days for male were highest in the 1st generation with 25.55±0.15oC and 56±1.47% relative humidity among three generations. pre-oviposition and oviposition period was o.65 days and 12.25 days. The highest longevity 13.45 days for female and 8.50 days for male. The daily mean of eggs were 2.20, 1.91 and 1.75 eggs in three successive generations. The number of eggs laid per female in her life time was 28.6, 24.8 and 12.2 eggs.

scholarly journals Development of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) on the foliage of Quercus cerris L., Q. Petraea (matt) Liebl. and Q. Robur L. in the controlled conditions

2007 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Quercus Cerris

The development of Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) was monitored in laboratory conditions, on the foliage of the species Quercus cerris L. Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercus robur L. The experiment was established in the controlled environmental conditions, at the temperature of 25?C, photoperiod 14:10 (day: night) and relative humidity 70%. The objective of the research was to determine the suitability of the study host plant species for gypsy moth development. The study results show that Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. petraea foliage had a lower survival, higher number of moultings, longer preadult development and lower fecundity, which makes this species less suitable compared to the other two. Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. cerris foliage had the highest survival degree the lowest number of moultings, the shortest preadult development and the highest fecundity, which makes this species the most favourable for gypsy moth development. Q. robur was between the former two species in this respect.

scholarly journals Optimum Conditions for Phenol Oxidase (Laccase) Production from Azotobacter chroococcum by Submerged Fermentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ali J. R. AL-Sa'ady ◽  
Lamees M.R. Abbas ◽  
Hutaf A.A. ALsalim
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Production Conditions

Phenol oxidases (laccase), copper-containing oxidase enzymes, are found in many plants, fungi and microorganisms. Many factors that influence laccase production from Azotobacter chroococcum are determined in this study, these factors are: carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, incubation temperature and incubation period. The results showed that the best carbon and nitrogen sources for laccase production are sucrose and yeast extract respectively, and the best factors for laccase production conditions are pH 7.0 with an incubation period of 6 days at temperature 30 Cᵒ.

Improvement of delta-endotoxin production from local Bacillus thuringiensis Se13 using Taguchi’s orthogonal array methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardahan Eski ◽  
Zihni Demirbağ ◽  
İsmail Demir
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Taguchi Methods ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Delta Endotoxin ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Objective The insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis directly depends on the yield of delta-endotoxins. In this study, various nutritional and cultural parameters influencing delta-endotoxin synthesis by a local isolate of B. thuringiensis Se13 were investigated using Taguchi methods. Methods In the first experiment, four factors, incubation period, incubation temperature, initial pH and medium, each at four levels, were selected and an orthogonal array layout of L16 was carried out. In the second experiment, Taguchi’s orthogonal array method of L27 was used to evaluate the effects of the different concentration of medium components. Taguchi’s signal–noise ratio and variance analysis were applied to determine the effect of the factors. After each experiment, verification studies were carried out using determined optimum conditions. Results The optimum conditions for incubation period, incubation temperature, initial pH, and medium determined as 72 h, 30°C, pH 9, and M4 medium, respectively. In the second experiment, soybean flour (5%), glucose (5%), KH2PO4 (0.3%), K2HPO4 (0.1%), MgSO4 (0.4%) were determined as the optimum conditions. The delta-endotoxin yield was elevated to 1559.25 μg mL−1 when the factors were adjusted to optimum level. Conclusion Optimization using the Taguchi method appeared to be a good choice for the overproduction of delta-endotoxin.

scholarly journals Effect of Gamma Radiation on Growth and Development of Rust Red Flour Beetle Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Tandon ◽  
Anuradha Singh ◽  
Sudha Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Flour Beetle

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Growth and Development of Rust Red Flour BeetleTribolium Castaneum(Herbst.)Study on the sterilizing and lethal effects of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation on the larval and adult stages of rust red flour beetleTribolium castaneum(Herbst.) was done at 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 150, 300 and 500 gray (Gy). Irradiation severely affected pupal period, pupal formation and survivability of larvae and adults. The developmental period of the pest was found to increase along with the increase in the radiation doses. The irradiation at 70 Gy was found to cause complete sterility in the insect.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of Large Birds: Migrants do it Faster

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Meiri ◽  
Yoram Yom-Tov
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Migrating Birds

Abstract We compared incubation and fledging times between large (>2 kg) migrating and sedentary birds. We found that while length of incubation period does not differ between migrants and nonmigrants, fledging period is significantly shorter in the former. This pattern is apparent in the class as a whole, as well as within orders, families, and genera. Additional, albeit weak, evidence suggests that clutch sizes of migrants are smaller than those of closely related resident birds. We hypothesize that the need to migrate constrains the length of developmental period of large migrating birds, especially in species that undertake long-distance migration. Ontogenia de Aves Grandes: Los Migrantes lo Hacen más Rápido Resumen. Comparamos los tiempos de incubación y emplumamiento entre aves grandes (>2 kg) migratorias y sedentarias. Encontramos que mientras la longitud del período de incubación no difiere entre migrantes y no migrantes, el período de emplumamiento es significativamente más corto en las migrantes. Este patrón resulta evidente a nivel de toda la clase, así como al interior de órdenes, familias y géneros. Existe evidencia adicional, aunque débil, que sugiere que las nidadas de las migrantes son más pequeñas que las de aves residentes estrechamente relacionadas. Proponemos la hipótesis de que la necesidad de migrar limita la longitud del período de desarrollo de las aves migrantes grandes, especialmente en las especies que realizan migraciones a través de grandes distancias.

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