scholarly journals Stable Angina Treatment Strategies and Current Practices in Lahore, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed ◽  
Maria Tanveer ◽  
Naheed Bano ◽  
Gul Majid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Stable Angina ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The purpose of the study was to analyze the prescription trends in the treatment of stable angina and to identify the therapeutic agents being prescribed majorly In Pakistan and to analyze that whether the current prescription patterns are in accordance with evidence based guidelines. A concurrent type of study was conducted from 24-01-2015 to 24-04-2015, through collection of data from prescriptions of patients suffering from stable angina in public sector hospitals of Lahore Pakistan. Data observations from the total 200 prescriptions collected from the hospitals of Lahore graphically demonstrate the trends of drug classes per prescription. The study identified that in the treatment of stable angina Antiplatelet are the most frequently prescribed drug class in Lahore and adjacent areas. Followed by CCBs on 2nd rank and nitrates on 3rd rank, ACE inhibitors and ARBs on 4th number, after which statins occupy the 5th position, lastly comes the position of beta blocker i.e. 6th and diuretics are the least prescribed class. The anti-platelet blocker drugs were the most prescribed drug class in the management of chronic stable angina followed by calcium channel and vasodilators occupying the second and third rank respectively. The study also revealed that men are 1.5 times more vulnerable to the development of angina than the females. The study is also showing concrete evidence that there is strong need to follow guidelines for proper treatment.Ahmed et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, December 2016, 6(1): 1-5http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue1/01.pdf

scholarly journals Trends in diabetes medication use in Canada, England, Scotland and Australia: a repeated cross-sectional analysis (2012-2017)

2020 ◽  
pp. bjgp20X714089
Author(s):  
Michelle Greiver ◽  
Alys Havard ◽  
Juliana Bowles ◽  
Sumeet Kalia ◽  
Chen Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background: Several new classes of glucose lowering medications have been introduced in the past two decades. Some, such as Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2s), have evidence of improved cardiovascular outcomes, while others, such as Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4s), do not. It is therefore important to identify their uptake, in order to find ways to support the use of more effective medications. Aims: We studied the uptake of these new classes amongst patients with type 2 diabetes. Design and setting: Retrospective repeated cross-sectional analysis. We compared rates of medication uptake in Australia, Canada, England and Scotland. Method: We used primary care Electronic Medical Data on prescriptions (Canada, UK) and dispensing data (Australia) from 2012 to 2017. We included persons aged 40 years or over on at least one glucose-lowering drug class in each year of interest, excluding those on insulin only. We determined proportions of patients in each nation, for each year, on each class of medication, and on combinations of classes. Results: By 2017, data from 238,609 patients were included. The proportion of patients on sulfonylureas (SUs) decreased in three out of four nations, while metformin decreased in Canada. Use of combinations of metformin and new drug classes increased in all nations, replacing combinations involving SUs. In 2017 more patients were on DPP4s (between 19.1% and 27.6%) than on SGLT2s (between 10.1% and 15.3%). Conclusions: New drugs are displacing SUs. However, despite evidence of better outcomes, the adoption of SGLT2s lagged behind DPP4s.

scholarly journals Association Between Reduced Handgrip Strength and Commonly Prescribed Medications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Love ◽  
Erin M. Mitchell ◽  
LeAnn B. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Decreased handgrip-strength has become an increasingly important measure of overall health status and fitness. This was a cross-sectional analysis among adult participants in the 2011-2012 NHANES survey. Handgrip-strength was assessed using a digital dynamometer and a standard protocol, and medication use was assessed by self-report and verification by the interviewer. Mean handgrip-strength among participants with no medication use was 87.2kg in males and 57.2kg in females. Handgrip strength decreased significantly in both men and women (ptrend<0.001 for both) with increasing medication use after adjustment for age, sex, height, arm circumference, and BMI. Statins, ACE-inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and sulfonylureas showed a consistent and significant decrease in grip strength in linear regression models. In this nationally representative survey of adults in the US, we observed a negative relationship between handgrip strength and polypharmacy. Further, several specific medications, mostly cardiovascular drug classes, were associated with reduced handgrip-strength.

scholarly journals Oromandibular Dystonia: A Clinical Examination of 2,020 Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Scorr ◽  
Stewart A. Factor ◽  
Sahyli Perez Parra ◽  
Rachel Kaye ◽  
Randal C. Paniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Oromandibular Dystonia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbances ◽  
Segmental Dystonia ◽  
Expert Center ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

Objective: The goal of this study is to better characterize the phenotypic heterogeneity of oromandibular dystonia (OMD) for the purpose of facilitating early diagnosis.Methods: First, we provide a comprehensive summary of the literature encompassing 1,121 cases. Next, we describe the clinical features of 727 OMD subjects enrolled by the Dystonia Coalition (DC), an international multicenter cohort. Finally, we summarize clinical features and treatment outcomes from cross-sectional analysis of 172 OMD subjects from two expert centers.Results: In all cohorts, typical age at onset was in the 50s and 70% of cases were female. The Dystonia Coalition cohort revealed perioral musculature was involved most commonly (85%), followed by jaw (61%) and tongue (17%). OMD more commonly appeared as part of a segmental dystonia (43%), and less commonly focal (39%) or generalized (10%). OMD was found to be associated with impaired quality of life, independent of disease severity. On average, social anxiety (LSA score: 33 ± 28) was more common than depression (BDI II score: 9.7 ± 7.8). In the expert center cohorts, botulinum toxin injections improved symptom severity by more than 50% in ~80% of subjects, regardless of etiology.Conclusions: This comprehensive description of OMD cases has revealed novel insights into the most common OMD phenotypes, pattern of dystonia distribution, associated psychiatric disturbances, and effect on QoL. We hope these findings will improve clinical recognition to aid in timely diagnosis and inform treatment strategies.

Treatment strategies for chronic stable angina

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2833-2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Kaski ◽  
Antonio Arrebola-Moreno ◽  
Jason Dungu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Angina ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Treatment Strategies

An observational study of clozapine-induced sedation and its pharmacological management

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S106-S106
Author(s):  
S. Ramos Perdigues ◽  
A. Mane Santacana ◽  
R.B. Sauras Quetcuti ◽  
E. Fernandez-Egea
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Efficacy Analysis ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prospective Analyses

IntroductionClozapine is the only drug approved for resistant schizophrenia, but remains underused because of its side effects. Sedation is common, but its management is unclear.ObjectivesTo analyze factors associated with clozapine-induced sedation and the efficacy of common treatment strategies.AimsTo determine clozapine-induced sedation factors and possible therapeutic strategies.MethodsUsing two years’ electronic records of a community cohort of resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorder cases on clozapine, we performed three analyses: a cross-sectional analysis of which factors were associated with number of hours slept (objective proxy of sedation), and two prospective analyses: which factors were associated with changes in hours slept, and the efficacy of the main pharmacological strategies for improving sedation.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-three patients were included; 64.7% slept at least 9 hours/daily. Among monotherapy patients (n = 30), only norclozapine levels (r = .367, P = .033) correlated with sleeping hours. Multiple regression analyses confirmed the findings (r = .865, P < .00001). Using the cohort prospectively assessed (n = 107), 42 patients decreased the number of hours slept between two consecutive appointments. Decreasing clozapine (40%) or augmenting with aripiprazole (36%) were the most common factors. In the efficacy analysis, these two strategies were recommended to 22 (20.6%) and 23 (21.5%) subjects, respectively. The majority (81.8% and 73.9%) did not report differences in the hours slept.ConclusionsSedationis common and involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors. The only correlation was a weak correlation between norclozapine plasma levels and total sleeping hours. Reducing clozapine and aripiprazole augmentation were the most successful strategies to ameliorate sedation, although both strategies were effective only in a limited numbers of subjects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Publication bias in pediatric emergence delirium: a cross-sectional analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov and ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037346
Author(s):  
Jochen Meyburg ◽  
Markus Ries
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Selective Reporting ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergence Delirium ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectivesEmergence delirium (ED) is a frequent and potentially serious complication of general anaesthesia in children. Although there are various treatment strategies, no general management recommendations can be made. Selective reporting of study results may impair clinical decision-making. We, therefore, analysed whether the results of completed registered clinical studies in patients with paediatric ED are publicly available or remain unpublished.DesignCross-sectional analysis.SettingClinicalTrials.gov and ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu.Participants and outcome measuresWe determined the proportion of published and unpublished studies registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu that were marked as completed by 1st September 2018. The major trial and literature databases were used to search for publications. In addition, the study investigators were contacted directly. For published trials, time to publication was calculated as the difference in months between study completion date and publication date.ResultsOf the 44 registered studies on paediatric ED, only 24 (54%) were published by September 2019. Published trials contained data from n=2556 patients, whereas n=1644 patients were enrolled in unpublished trials. Median time to publication was 19 months. Studies completed in recent years were published faster, but still only 9 of 24 trials were published within 12 months of completion.ConclusionThere is a distinct publication gap in clinical research in paediatric ED that may have an impact on meta-analyses and clinical practice.

scholarly journals PILL BURDEN, DRUG CLASS DISTRIBUTION AND FINANCIAL BURDEN FOR BUYING MEDICINES IN DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Pavithra Cirevalli ◽  
Harini Devi Nimmanapalli ◽  
Lalith Kumar Parlapalli ◽  
Lakshmi Sowjanya Nuthalapati ◽  
Anitha Kuttiappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pill Burden ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Distribution ◽  
Drug Classes

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the pill burden (PB), drug class distribution and financial burden for buying medicines in different treatment modalities of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in 244 CKD patients and they were divided into 4 groups as follows: pre-dialysis patients (stages 1-5) as group 1, hemodialysis (HD) patients as group 2, peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients as group 3 and renal transplant recipient (RTR) patients as group 4. Data was collected in pre-designed form through direct patient interaction.Results: Out of 244 CKD patients, PB considering the total number of pills/d in different modalities is 12±5 in pre-dialysis, 10±3 in HD, 13±5 in PD, 14±7 in RTR and for the number of drug classes/d in different modalities is 7±3 in pre-dialysis, 7±2 in HD, 8±3 in PD and 9±3 in RTR. On average mean PB in a number of pills/d is 12±5 and number of drug classes/d is 8±3. Among all the patients, the RTR individuals are having high medicinal expenditure in comparison to the other modalities.Conclusion: PB for the number of pills/d is highest in RTR and almost similar in different modalities. Great improvement in reducing the PB as well as financial burden directly or indirectly improves the patient compliance as well as the quality of life.

Ultramicrotomy as a Technique for Materials Specimen Preparation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S.R. Glanvill
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Flat Embedding ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This paper summarizes the application of ultramicrotomy as a specimen preparation technique for some of the Materials Science applications encountered over the past two years. Specimens 20 nm thick by hundreds of μm lateral dimension are readily prepared for electron beam analysis. Materials examined include metals, plastics, ceramics, superconductors, glassy carbons and semiconductors. We have obtain chemical and structural information from these materials using HRTEM, CBED, EDX and EELS analysis. This technique has enabled cross-sectional analysis of surfaces and interfaces of engineering materials and solid state electronic devices, as well as interdiffusion studies across adjacent layers.Samples are embedded in flat embedding moulds with Epon 812 epoxy resin / Methyl Nadic Anhydride mixture, using DY064 accelerator to promote the reaction. The embedded material is vacuum processed to remove trapped air bubbles, thereby improving the strength and sectioning qualities of the cured block. The resin mixture is cured at 60 °C for a period of 80 hr and left to equilibrate at room temperature.

Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Jianyuan Ni ◽  
Monica L. Bellon-Harn ◽  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Yueqing Li ◽  
Vinaya Manchaiah
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Share Information

Objective The objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus. Method The study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twitter data. Twitter content, language, reach, users, accounts, temporal trends, and social networks were examined. Results Around 70,000 tweets were identified and analyzed from May to October 2018. Of the 100 most active Twitter accounts, organizations owned 52%, individuals owned 44%, and 4% of the accounts were unknown. Commercial/for-profit and nonprofit organizations were the most common organization account owners (i.e., 26% and 16%, respectively). Seven unique tweets were identified with a reach of over 400 Twitter users. The greatest reach exceeded 2,000 users. Temporal analysis identified retweet outliers (> 200 retweets per hour) that corresponded to a widely publicized event involving the response of a Twitter user to another user's joke. Content analysis indicated that Twitter is a platform that primarily functions to advocate, share personal experiences, or share information about management of tinnitus rather than to provide social support and build relationships. Conclusions Twitter accounts owned by organizations outnumbered individual accounts, and commercial/for-profit user accounts were the most frequently active organization account type. Analyses of social media use can be helpful in discovering issues of interest to the tinnitus community as well as determining which users and organizations are dominating social network conversations.

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