scholarly journals Macro anatomical investigation of brachial plexus of the White New Zealand rabbit (Orycotolagus cuniculus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mohiuddin ◽  
ML Rahman ◽  
MA Alim ◽  
MBH Kabir ◽  
MA Kashem
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Zealand Rabbit ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cervical Spinal Nerve

In present study, the brachial plexus of the White New Zealand rabbit (Orycotolagus cuniculus) was investigated. Five adult rabbits were used and organizations of the brachial plexus of them were investigated. It was found that the brachial plexus of the rabbit was formed by rami ventralis of fifth cervical spinal nerve (C5), sixth cervical spinal nerve (C6), seventh cervical spinal nerve (C7), eighth cervical spinal nerve (C8), first thoracic spinal nerve (T1) and second thoracic spinal nerve (T2). The rami ventralis of C5 spinal nerve and T2 spinal nerve were divided into two branches. The caudal branch of C5 spinal nerve and cranial branch of T2 spinal nerve contributed to the brachial plexus. The caudal branch of C5 spinal nerve and C6 spinal nerve constituted the cranial trunk and the caudal trunk was formed by a branch which came from cranial trunk, rami ventralis of C7, C8, T1 spinal nerves and the cranial branch of ventral ramus of T2 spinal nerve. Contribution of caudal branch of ventral ramus of C5 spinal nerve and cranial branch of ventral ramus of T2 spinal nerve to the formation of the brachial plexus of rabbit and division of the brachial plexus to the caudal and cranial trunks resemble to porcupine and differ the brachial plexus of this species from those of rat, mouse and mammals.Key words: Spinal nerves; Orycotolagus cuniculus; Brachial plexus; Rabbits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i3.8825International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(3):74-76

Anatomy and Ultrasound-Guided Injection of the Medial Branch of the Dorsal Ramus of the Cervical Spinal Nerves in the Horse: A Cadaveric Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
Giorgio Corraretti ◽  
Jean-Michel Vandeweerd ◽  
Fanny Hontoir ◽  
Katrien Vanderperren ◽  
Katrien Palmers
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Medial Branch ◽  
Intervertebral Foramen ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
Cervical Spinal Nerve

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the nerves supplying the cervical articular process joint and to identify relevant anatomical landmarks that could aid in the ultrasound-guided location and injection of these nerves for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Study Design Twelve cadaveric equine necks were used. Five necks were dissected to study the anatomy of the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the cervical spinal nerves 3 to 7. Relevant anatomical findings detected during dissections were combined with ultrasonographic images obtained in one other neck. Six additional necks were used to assess the accuracy of ultrasound-guided injections of the medial branch with blue dye. Results Each examined cervical articular process joint, except for C2 to C3, presented a dual nerve supply. The articular process joints were found to be in close anatomical relationship with the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the cervical spinal nerve exiting from the intervertebral foramen at the same level, and with the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the cervical spinal nerve exiting from the intervertebral foramen one level cranial to the articular process joint of interest. A total of 55 nerves were injected under ultrasonographic guidance, 51 of which were successfully stained. Conclusion The current study provided new detailed information regarding the innervation of the cervical articular process joint. The medial branches of the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves were injected with an accuracy that would be of clinical value. Our study offers the foundations to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for pain management in cervical articular process joint arthropathy in horses.

Gait analysis after neurorrhaphy in the brachial plexus

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Reichert ◽  
Z. Kiełbowicz ◽  
J. Kuryszko ◽  
A. Bocheńska
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Animal Locomotion ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract The gait is a form of human and animal locomotion on land by using limbs. The study assessed functional recovery after end to side and side to side neurorrhaphy the ventral branches of the C5 and C6 spinal nerves to the C7 spinal nerve on the rabbit brachial plexus. Gait statistical analysis showed significant differences between the control group versus the end-to-side and side to side neurorrhaphy groups, in opposite to the comparison between the two experimentals groups. Gait analysis results corresponded with the histomorphometric results. The results indicate the potential use of gait analysis for the assessment of the recovery of nerve function.

scholarly journals The minute anatomy of the brachial plexus

1887 ◽  
Vol 41 (246-250) ◽  
pp. 423-441 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Naked Eye

It has for some time appeared probable that the spinal nerves which form the brachial plexus do not become confounded one with another, but retain each its separate course and its separate functions. To the naked eye a nerve is a bundle of parallel threads bound together, and at the same time divided by a sheath of connective tissue. It seemed to me possible that the course of the spinal nerve roots could be traced by a dissection which should follow each through the plexus to the nerves which branch therefrom, and in these to its final destination.

scholarly journals A cadaveric microanatomical study of the fascicular topography of the brachial plexus

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Sinha ◽  
G. Lakshmi Prasad ◽  
Sanjeev Lalwani
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Total Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Intervertebral Foramina ◽  
Brachial Plexus Surgery

OBJECT Mapping of the fascicular anatomy of the brachial plexus could provide the nerve surgeon with knowledge of fascicular orientation in spinal nerves of the brachial plexus. This knowledge might improve the surgical outcome of nerve grafting in brachial plexus injuries by anastomosing related fascicles and avoiding possible axonal misrouting. The objective of this study was to map the fascicular topography in the spinal nerves of the brachial plexus. METHODS The entire right-sided brachial plexus of 25 adult male cadavers was dissected, including all 5 spinal nerves (C5–T1), from approximately 5 mm distal to their exit from the intervertebral foramina, to proximal 1 cm of distal branches. All spinal nerves were tagged on the cranial aspect of their circumference using 10-0 nylon suture for orientation. The fascicular dissection of the C5–T1 spinal nerves was performed under microscopic magnification. The area occupied by different nerve fascicles was then expressed as a percentage of the total cross-sectional area of a spinal nerve. RESULTS The localization of fascicular groups was fairly consistent in all spinal nerves. Overall, 4% of the plexus supplies the suprascapular nerve, 31% supplies the medial cord (comprising the ulnar nerve and medial root of the median nerve [MN]), 27.2% supplies the lateral cord (comprising the musculocutaneous nerve and lateral root of the MN), and 37.8% supplies the posterior cord (comprising the axillary and radial nerves). CONCLUSIONS The fascicular dissection and definitive anatomical localization of fascicular groups is feasible in plexal spinal nerves. The knowledge of exact fascicular location might be translatable to the operating room and can be used to anastomose related fascicles in brachial plexus surgery, thereby avoiding the possibility of axonal misrouting and improving the results of plexal reconstruction.

Posterior subscapular approach to the brachial plexus

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie S. Dubuisson ◽  
David G. Kline ◽  
Steven S. Weinshel
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ◽  
Anterior Chest Wall ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexopathy ◽  
Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Operative Experience ◽  
Prior Operation

✓ A 15-year operative experience with 105 posterior subscapular approaches to the brachial plexus in 102 patients is presented. The procedure is indicated in carefully selected cases, especially where the proximal portions of lower spinal nerves are involved. Its main advantage is proximal exposure of the plexus spinal nerves, particularly at an intraforaminal level. The indications in this series were thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) in 51 carefully selected procedures, brachial plexus tumor involving proximal roots in 22 patients, post-irradiation brachial plexopathy in 14 cases, and proximal traumatic brachial plexus palsy in 18 patients. Thoracic outlet syndrome associated with neurological loss, recurrent TOS after a prior operation, or proximal brachial plexus surgical lesions involving the spinal nerve(s), especially at an intraforaminal level, can be approached advantageously by such a posterior subscapular approach. The technique should also be considered when prior operation, trauma, or irradiation to the neck or anterior chest wall make a posterior exploration of the plexus easier than an anterior one. Anterior exposure of the plexus is the preferable approach for the majority of lesions needing an operation, but the posterior subscapular procedure can be useful in well-selected cases.

Cervical spinal nerve and brachial plexus schwannoma in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Hilary Stern ◽  
David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman ◽  
Molly Gleeson ◽  
Sarah Ozawa ◽  
Molly Langston Liepnieks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Cervical Spinal Nerve

Macroanatomical Structure of the Lumbosacral Plexus and its Branches in the Indigenous Duck

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Hussan ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
J Alam
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lumbar Plexus ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexus ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

The present study was carried out to determine the morphological structure and the branches of the lumbosacral plexus in the indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). Six mature indigenous ducks were used in this study. After administering an anesthetic to the birds, the body cavities were opened. The nerves of the lumbosacral plexus were dissected separately and photographed. The lumbosacral plexus consisted of lumbar and sacral plexus innervated to the hind limb. The lumbar plexus was formed by the union of three roots of spinal nerves that included last two and first sacral spinal nerve. Among three roots, second (middle) root was the highest in diameter and the last root was least in diameter. We noticed five branches of the lumbar plexus which included obturator, cutaneous femoral, saphenus, cranial coxal, and the femoral nerve. The six roots of spinal nerves, which contributed to form three trunks, formed the sacral plexus of duck. The three trunks united medial to the acetabular foramen and formed a compact, cylindrical bundle, the ischiatic nerve. The principal branches of the sacral plexus were the tibial and fibular nerves that together made up the ischiatic nerve. Other branches were the caudal coxal nerve, the caudal femoral cutaneous nerve and the muscular branches. This study was the first work on the lumbosacral plexus of duck and its results may serve as a basis for further investigation on this subject.

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