Leaf blade and midrib anatomy of two sugarcane cultivars of Bangladesh

Context: Kranz anatomy of locally developed sugarcane cultivars were studied in relation to C4 vascular arrangement. Objective: The objective of this study was to make gross cross-sectional anatomy and quantitative assessment of the anatomic traits of the leaf-blade and midrib of the sugarcane cultivars. Materials and Methods: Leaf blade and leaf sheath of two sugarcane cultivars Ishurdi 20 and Ishurdi 32 were used as the materials. Free hand section with appropriate stain were used. Sections were studied using an advanced biological system microscope fitted with motic camera. Anatomic traits were studied through motic image plus J 1.0 software using Macintosh computer. Results: Three sized vascular bundles and significant differences in distance between those vascular bundles were noted. Ishurdi 32 possessed two sized vascular bundles. Large vascular bundles characters by two large metaxylem vessels on either side of protoxylem. Phloem well developed. Intermediate and small bundles lack metaxylem vessels and protoxylem, but have metaphloem with thick and thin walled sieve tubes. Bundle sheaths have extended to upper and lower epidermis but for small bundle it is extended to abaxial epidermis. Vascular bundles are almost completely surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and associated with hypodermal sclerenchyma on both abaxially and adaxially except small blade bundles which associated with the abaxial sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells were smaller in large and larger in other two types of vascular bundle. An inner mestome sheath with thickened walls is always present round the phloem and metaxylem around all or part of the xylem in large and intermediate bundles. In small bundles mestome sheath is altogether absent. Bulliform cells with varied area were present on the adaxial epidermis opposite to small vascular bundles. Midrib anatomy consists of central large vascular bundles lacking bundle sheath cells pushed deep inside parenchymatous hypodermis from abaxial hypodermal sclerenchyma girders. Lack of Kranz traits, and bundle sheath cells have transformed into sclerenchymatous bundle cover. Central mid-rib large bundle flanked by 3-10 small bundles on either side of midrib which have Kranz system of anatomy. Midrib region have continuous hypodermis consists of sclerenchyma cells and it is few layer (Ishurdi 32) to multilayer (Ishurdi 20). Conclusion: Kranz system with well developed bundle sheath associated with Kranz mesophil in the leaf blade were observed but Kranz tissue absent in midrib region. Large and small vascular bundles alternate all alone the leaf blade. Bulliform cell well develop indicates zeric adaptation. Two cultivars differ in respect of quantitative expression of Kranz tissue. Keywords: Sugarcane cultivar; Kranz tissue; bulliform cells; mestome sheath. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8778 JBS 2010; 18(0): 66-73

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Cross-sectional anatomy of leaf blade and leaf sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.)

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v25i0.37494 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

SN Sima ◽

AK Roy ◽

MT Akther ◽

N Joarder

Keyword(s):

Vascular Bundle ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Bundle Sheath ◽

Imperata Cylindrica ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Bulliform Cells ◽

Kranz Anatomy ◽

Adaxial Epidermis

Histology of leaf blade and sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) Beauv., indicated typical C4 Kranz anatomy. Cells of adaxial epidermis were smaller and bulliform cells were present on the adaxial epidermis. The shape of bulliform cells was bulbous; 3-7 cells were present in a group and 3-5 folds larger than epidermal cells. Three types of vascular bundles in respect of size and structure were extra large, large and small and they were part of leaf blade histology. These three sizes of vascular bundles were arranged in successive manner from midrib to leaf margin. Leaf sheath bundles were of two types: large and small. Extra large bundles were flanked by five small and four large bundles but small bundles were alternate found to be with large typed bundles. Extra large bundles were of typical monocotyledonous type but the large type had reduced xylem elements and the small typed was found to be transformed into treachery elements. Small be bundles occupied half the thickness of the flat portion of leaf blade topped by large bulliform cells of the adaxial epidermis. Extra large and large bundle had been extended to upper and lower epidermis. Kranz mesophyll completely encircled the bundle sheath and radiated out into ground tissue. Midrib was projected in abaxial direction and had a central vascular bundle with large and small bundles on either side of it along the abaxial regions. The midrib vascular bundle was devoid of chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and was of non-Kranz type. Continuous sub-epidermal sclerenchyma girders were noted as adaxial hypodermis. Anatomical traits exhibited an important adaptive defense against draught and saline stress of the plant. Quantitative measurement of various anatomical traits indicated strong variations among them.J. bio-sci. 25: 17-26, 2017

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Kranz distinctive cells in the culm of ArundineUa (Arundinelleae; Panicoideae; Poaceae)

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v20i1.943 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Evangelina Sanchez ◽

Mirta O. Arriaga ◽

Roger P. Ellis

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Small Groups ◽

Peripheral Zone ◽

Bundle Sheath ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Photosynthetic Pathway ◽

Mestome Sheath ◽

Bundle Sheath Cells ◽

Chlorenchyma Cell ◽

Sheath Cells

The transectional anatomy of photosynthetic flowering culms of Arundinella berteroniana (Schult.) Hitchc. Chase and A. hispida (Willd.) Kuntze from South America and A. nepalensis Trin. from Africa is described and illustrated. The vascular bundles are arranged in three distinct rings, the outermost being external to a continuous sclerenchymatous band. Each of these peripheral bundles is surrounded by two bundle sheaths, a complete mestome sheath and an incomplete, outer, parenchymatous Kranz sheath, the cells of which contain large, specialized chloroplasts. Kranz bundle sheath extensions are also present. The chlorenchyma tissue is also located in this narrow peripheral zone and is interrupted by the vascular bundles and their associated sclerenchyma. Dispersed throughout the chlorenchyma are small groups of Kranz distinctive cells, identical in structure to the outer bundle sheath cells. No chlorenchyma cell is. therefore, more than two cells distant from a Kranz cell. The structure of the chlorenchyma and bundle sheaths indicates that the C4 photosynthetic pathway is operative in these culms. This study clearly demonstrates the presence of the peculiar distinctive cells in the culms as well as in the leaves of Arundinella. Also of interest is the presence of an inner bundle sheath in the vascular bundles of the culm whereas the bundles of the leaves possess only a single sheath. It has already been shown that Arundinella is a NADP-me C4 type and the anatomical predictor of a single Kranz sheath for NADP-me species, therefore, either does not hold in the culms of this genus or the culms are not NADP-me. This is only the second reported breakdown of this association between MS anatomy and the NADP-me biochemical C4 type.

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Phenolic Deposits and Kranz Syndrome in Leaf Tissues of Spotted (Euphorbia maculata) and Prostrate (Euphorbia supina) Spurge

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500068685 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Dennis Elmore ◽

Rex N. Paul

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Bundle Sheath ◽

Fixation Technique ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Kranz Anatomy ◽

Bundle Sheath Cells ◽

Leaf Tissues ◽

Sheath Cells

Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculataL.) and prostrate spurge (E. supinaRaf.), both in subgenusChamesyce,were examined by light and electron microscopy using a caffeine - fixation technique to sequester the phenolic pools intercellularly. Both species have typical dicotyledon-type Kranz anatomy. Sequestered phenolic pools were located in vacuoles in epidermal and mesophyll cells. Only in spotted spurge, however, were additional phenolic pools formed in bundle - sheath cells. This study was undertaken because allelopathy has been demonstrated in prostrate spurge and because phenolic compounds have been implicated in allelopathy. These results would indicate that spotted spurge should also be allelopathic.

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Intraspecifíc variability in Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc.

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v14i3/4.1260 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (3/4) ◽

pp. 901-913 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. L. Frean ◽

D. R. Barrett ◽

D. Ariovich ◽

M. Wolfson ◽

C. F. Cresswell

Keyword(s):

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Double Bundle ◽

Bundle Sheath ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Mestome Sheath ◽

Kranz Anatomy ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Large Numbers

Intraspecific variability in Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc. is shown ultrastructurally with particular regard to the structure of the bundle sheath and the development of the dimorphic chloroplasts in both the C3 and C4 forms of this species. A. semialata is known to possess two distinct anatomical forms — Kranz and non-Kranz — within one species and occurring within a single ecological niche. Kranz and non-Kranz anatomy is known to be correlated with C3 and C4 physiology respectively. Transverse sections of leaf portions taken at midsheath, at the ligule and at midlamina show plastids with different morphologies at different ontogenetic stages. Plastid form is related to the stage of development, the influence of light on the emerging leaf and the C3 or C4form of A. semialata. Stages from amyloplast to chloroplast are investigated with regard to fine structure. Leaf transverse sections are examined microscopically and formation of new bundles, chiefly in the lamina is traced. Differences in anatomy and distribution of vascular bundles are more evident in the lamina than in the colourless leaf sheath. Both C3 and C4 forms of A. semialata are found to show chloroplast dimorphism in vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. This is shown to differ in the two forms. The specialized chloroplasts of the Kranz sheath are shown to develop in the inner or mestome sheath, and not in the parenchyma sheath as in some other members of the Kranz Panicoideae. Features of A. semialata, such as the double bundle sheath, granal chloroplasts and large numbers of mitochondria in bundle sheath cells, in the C4 form, question the current classification of this grass as a malate former.

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C4 photosynthesis with Kranz anatomy evolved in the Oryza coarctata Roxb

10.1101/2020.07.12.199232 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Soni Chowrasia ◽

Tapan Kumar Mondal

Keyword(s):

C4 Photosynthesis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Bundle Sheath ◽

Ultrastructural Observation ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Potential Donor ◽

Kranz Anatomy ◽

Vein Density ◽

Bundle Sheath Cells ◽

Sheath Cells

AbstractThe C4 cycle is a complex biochemical pathway that has been evolved in plants to deal with the adverse environmental conditions. Mostly C4 plants grow in arid, water-logged area or poor nutrient habitats. Wild species, Oryza coarctata (genome type KKLL; chromosome number (4x) =48, genome size 665 Mb) belongs to the genus of Oryza which thrives well under high saline as well as submerged conditions. Here, we report for the first time that O. coarctata is a C4 plant by observing the increased biomass growth, morphological features such as vein density, anatomical features including ultrastuctural characteristics as well as expression patterns of C4 related genes. Leaves of O. coarctata have higher vein density and possess Kranz anatomy. The ultrastructural observation showed chloroplast dimorphism i.e. presence of agranal chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells whereas, mesophyll cells contain granal chloroplasts. The cell walls of bundle sheath cells contain tangential suberin lamella. The transcript level of C4 specific genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase, NADP-dependent malic enzyme and malate dehydrogenase was higher in leaves of O. coarctata compare to high yielding rice cultivar (IR-29). These anatomical, ultra structural as well as molecular changes in O. coarctata for C4 photosynthesis adaptation might be might be due to its survival in wide diverse condition from aquatic to saline submerged condition. Being in the genus of Oryza, this plant could be potential donor for production of C4 rice in future through conventional breeding, as successful cross with rice has already been reported.

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Morphological characteristics and proportion of leaf blade tissues of elephant grass clones under sheep grazing

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018001100009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1268-1275 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bruno Leal Viana ◽

Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello ◽

Adriana Guim ◽

Mário de Andrade Lira ◽

José Carlos Batista Dubeux Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Sheep Grazing ◽

Abaxial Epidermis ◽

Bulliform Cells ◽

Vascular Sheath

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize morphologically elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes and to estimate their proportions of leaf blade tissues under grazing. Two tall varieties (Elephant B and IRI-381) and three short ones (Mott, Taiwan A-146 2.37, and Taiwan A-146 2.114) were evaluated under intermittent sheep grazing as to the following morphological characteristics: plant height, internode length, and leaf blade/culm ratio. Moreover, the proportions of the following leaf blade tissues were estimated: sclerenchyma, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, bulliform cells, vascular bundles, phloem, vascular sheath, xylem, and mesophyll. The short varieties were 28.6% shorter than the tall ones and showed higher leaf blade/culm ratio; Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.114 had the shortest internodes of 3.9 and 4.7 cm, respectively, over ten grazing cycles. The clones differed regarding their proportions of leaf blade tissues, except for abaxial epidermis, phloem, and xylem. The differences in morphological characteristics indicate that the short clones Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.114 are better adapted to sheep grazing, and, therefore, may be recommended for the improvement of pastures.

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Study of anatomical parameters of leaf and brix content of some promising commercial Indian varieties of sugarcane

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-4814 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (05) ◽

Author(s):

Animesh Mondal ◽

Tuhin Pal ◽

Kalyan Kumar De

Keyword(s):

Leaf Blade ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Regression Curve ◽

Sugarcane Varieties ◽

Kranz Anatomy ◽

Straight Line ◽

Bundle Sheath Cells ◽

Photosynthetic Cells ◽

Linear Regression Curve ◽

Anatomical Parameters

The structural and quantitative diversity of Kranz anatomy of nineteen Indian varieties of sugarcane was studied in relation to brix content or yield of sugar. The nature and distribution of Kranz tissue and types of vascular bundle in the leaf blade have also been described and discussed. In hand made transverse sections of leaf blade of sugarcane varieties, two different sizes (large and small) of vascular bundles were found. The large vascular bundles were characterized by the presence of metaxylem vessels on the either side of protoxylem. The small vascular bundles entirely consist of metaxylem but lack of protoxylem. Variation of Brix content of the basal, middle and top part of Culm of nineteen varieties was also observed. Statistically, average Brix content was positively correlated with the total area of the photosynthetic cells as well as bundle sheath cells and the linear regression curve followed the straight line.

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