Morphological characteristics and proportion of leaf blade tissues of elephant grass clones under sheep grazing

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize morphologically elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes and to estimate their proportions of leaf blade tissues under grazing. Two tall varieties (Elephant B and IRI-381) and three short ones (Mott, Taiwan A-146 2.37, and Taiwan A-146 2.114) were evaluated under intermittent sheep grazing as to the following morphological characteristics: plant height, internode length, and leaf blade/culm ratio. Moreover, the proportions of the following leaf blade tissues were estimated: sclerenchyma, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, bulliform cells, vascular bundles, phloem, vascular sheath, xylem, and mesophyll. The short varieties were 28.6% shorter than the tall ones and showed higher leaf blade/culm ratio; Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.114 had the shortest internodes of 3.9 and 4.7 cm, respectively, over ten grazing cycles. The clones differed regarding their proportions of leaf blade tissues, except for abaxial epidermis, phloem, and xylem. The differences in morphological characteristics indicate that the short clones Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.114 are better adapted to sheep grazing, and, therefore, may be recommended for the improvement of pastures.

Download Full-text

Leaf blade and midrib anatomy of two sugarcane cultivars of Bangladesh

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8778 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 66-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N Joarder ◽

AK Roy ◽

SN Sima ◽

K Parvin

Keyword(s):

Leaf Blade ◽

Bundle Sheath ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Abaxial Epidermis ◽

Sugarcane Cultivar ◽

Mestome Sheath ◽

Bulliform Cells ◽

Kranz Anatomy ◽

Bundle Sheath Cells ◽

Sheath Cells

Context: Kranz anatomy of locally developed sugarcane cultivars were studied in relation to C4 vascular arrangement. Objective: The objective of this study was to make gross cross-sectional anatomy and quantitative assessment of the anatomic traits of the leaf-blade and midrib of the sugarcane cultivars. Materials and Methods: Leaf blade and leaf sheath of two sugarcane cultivars Ishurdi 20 and Ishurdi 32 were used as the materials. Free hand section with appropriate stain were used. Sections were studied using an advanced biological system microscope fitted with motic camera. Anatomic traits were studied through motic image plus J 1.0 software using Macintosh computer. Results: Three sized vascular bundles and significant differences in distance between those vascular bundles were noted. Ishurdi 32 possessed two sized vascular bundles. Large vascular bundles characters by two large metaxylem vessels on either side of protoxylem. Phloem well developed. Intermediate and small bundles lack metaxylem vessels and protoxylem, but have metaphloem with thick and thin walled sieve tubes. Bundle sheaths have extended to upper and lower epidermis but for small bundle it is extended to abaxial epidermis. Vascular bundles are almost completely surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and associated with hypodermal sclerenchyma on both abaxially and adaxially except small blade bundles which associated with the abaxial sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells were smaller in large and larger in other two types of vascular bundle. An inner mestome sheath with thickened walls is always present round the phloem and metaxylem around all or part of the xylem in large and intermediate bundles. In small bundles mestome sheath is altogether absent. Bulliform cells with varied area were present on the adaxial epidermis opposite to small vascular bundles. Midrib anatomy consists of central large vascular bundles lacking bundle sheath cells pushed deep inside parenchymatous hypodermis from abaxial hypodermal sclerenchyma girders. Lack of Kranz traits, and bundle sheath cells have transformed into sclerenchymatous bundle cover. Central mid-rib large bundle flanked by 3-10 small bundles on either side of midrib which have Kranz system of anatomy. Midrib region have continuous hypodermis consists of sclerenchyma cells and it is few layer (Ishurdi 32) to multilayer (Ishurdi 20). Conclusion: Kranz system with well developed bundle sheath associated with Kranz mesophil in the leaf blade were observed but Kranz tissue absent in midrib region. Large and small vascular bundles alternate all alone the leaf blade. Bulliform cell well develop indicates zeric adaptation. Two cultivars differ in respect of quantitative expression of Kranz tissue. Keywords: Sugarcane cultivar; Kranz tissue; bulliform cells; mestome sheath. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8778 JBS 2010; 18(0): 66-73

Download Full-text

Agronomic features of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) cv. Roxo under irrigation

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n1p275 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 275

Author(s):

Ana Paula da Silva Carvalho ◽

Roney Mendes de Arruda ◽

Joadil Gonçalves de Abreu ◽

Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽

Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Water Depth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Matter Production ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽

Water Depths

This study aimed to evaluate how different irrigation water depths influence the agronomical features of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) cv. Roxo. Grass was cultivated in a pasture belonging to the Bovine Sector of the National Agrotechnical School of Caceres – MT. The experiment was a block design with five treatments and four repetitions. Treatments consisted of five water depths: 0 = 0% of available water (AW), 1 = 21% of AW, 2 = 34% of AW, 3 = 74% of AW, and 5 = 100% of AW. Evaluated features were production (dry matter ha-1), plant height, leaf/steam ratio, and stem diameter. Dry matter production of cuts from May and July increased linearly with increasing water depth (P < 0.05). Plant height increased linearly as water depth increased in the cuts of May and September, while the height of July cuts was 71.76 cm under an irrigation depth of 390.77 mm. In May, July, and September cuts, leaf percentage decreased linearly as water depth increased (P < 0.05). An increase of 1 mm in water depth reduced leaf percentage by 0.0936% (May), 0.0295% (July), and 0.0122% (September). Our results indicate that to improve dry matter production, May, July, and September cuts should be irrigated with water depths of 56.03 mm, 601.78 mm, and 577.65 mm, respectively.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH JENIS AMELIORAN DAN DOSIS PUPUK SERBAGUNA (AGRODYKE) PADA PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT GAJAH ODOT (Pennisetum Purpureum CV. Mott) DILAHAN GAMBUT

Jurnal Agrotek Lestari ◽

10.35308/jal.v6i1.2369 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuliatul Muslimah ◽

Yusrizal Yusrizal ◽

Imaniah Refkikan

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Type Factor ◽

Number Of Shoots

Odot elephant grass is a tropical forage forage that is easily developed, has high production and can be used as animal feed.This study aims to determine the effect of ameliorant types and organic fertilizer (Agrodyke) doses on the growth of odot elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) on peatlands. This study used a 3x3 factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications consisting of: (1) ameliorant type factor (A) consisting of 3 levels, namely: A1 =dolomite lime, A2 = Shellfish shell, A3 = Eggshell. (2) Agrodyke fertilizer dose factor (D) Consists of 3 levels, namely: D0 = 0 gram / plant, D1 = 10 gram / plant, D2 = 20 gram / plant. Observation parameters are the number of leaves, number of shoots, leaf length, plant height. The results of this study indicate that the type of ameliorant did not significantly affect the number of leaves, number of shoots, leaf length, and plant height at 2 MST, 4 MST, and 6 MST. Versatile fertilizer (Agrodyke) dosage significantly affected the number of leaves and plant height at 6 MST. But no significant effect on the number of leaves, number of shoots and plant height in 2 MST and 4 MST. Keywords: Peat, Ameliorant Species, Odot Elephant Grass, Agrodyke.

Download Full-text

Use of SPAD index in elephant grass pre-breeding

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p1047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 1047

Author(s):

Pérsio Sandir D’Oliveira ◽

Letícia Sayuri Suzuki ◽

Jailton da Costa Carneiro ◽

Juarez Campolina Machado ◽

Jader Forquim Prates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Plant Analysis ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Simple Lattice ◽

Morphological Descriptor ◽

Spad Readings

The SPAD-502 (Soil Plant Analysis Development) chlorophyll meter is a simple diagnostic tool that instantly measures the chlorophyll content of plant leaves without damaging the leaf blade. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the SPAD index as a tool for discriminating elephant grass acessions from different morphological groups. One hundred genotypes of the elephant grass Pennisetum purpureum from the Active Germplasm Bank at Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais, Brazil were evaluated. Following uniform cutting, six SPAD readings were taken from each accession every 60 days. Measurements were taken for two years. The experimental design was a 10 × 10 simple lattice with two replications. Joint deviance analysis for six SPAD measurements revealed great genetic variability between genotypes. SPAD values of Cameroon and Napier accessions were, on average, significantly different. The SPAD index was effective in detecting genetic variability between elephant grass acessions. However, it should not be used alone as a morphological descriptor, but in combination with other descriptors.

Download Full-text

Leaf and inflorescence axis anatomy of Brazilian species of Rapateoideae (Rapateaceae, Poales)

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520140071 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 157-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ângela L. Daltin ◽

Aline Oriani ◽

Vera L. Scatena

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Fiber Bundles ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Abaxial Epidermis ◽

Cross Section Shape ◽

Inflorescence Axis ◽

Section Shape ◽

The Cross

The anatomy of leaves and inflorescence axes of Spathanthus (2 spp.), Rapatea (2 spp.), Cephalostemon(1 sp.), and Duckea(1 sp.) (Rapateoideae, Rapateaceae) was studied to identify useful characters for taxonomy. The cross-section shape of inflorescence axis differentiates the genera, while the cross-section shape and structure of leaf midrib has a specific value. The following characteristics are exclusive of Spathanthus: silica cells randomly distributed in the leaf epidermis; plicate chlorenchyma in the leaf blade; presence of fiber bundles in the mesophyll and in the inflorescence axis parenchyma. Spathanthus is also distinguished by the number, type and distribution of vascular bundles in the inflorescence axis. The genus Rapatea is characterized by the presence of stomata and silica cells only on the abaxial epidermis of the leaves and chlorenchyma composed of arm cells in the leaf blade. Characteristics with diagnostic value for Cephalostemon riedelianusare: leaf epidermal cells with straight to slightly sinuous walls in frontal view, inflorescence axes presenting a defined cortex, fiber bundles facing the larger vascular bundles and a fistulous pith. The anatomical characteristics of the leaves and inflorescence axes thus proved to be of taxonomic value in generic and specific levels. They are also useful to differentiate Rapateoideae from other subfamilies of Rapateaceae.

Download Full-text

Origin of inverted vascular bundles in winged leaves of Scleria plusiophylla (Cyperaceae)

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2015-0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (12) ◽

pp. 893-899

Author(s):

Kátia Arenhart Hoss ◽

Rafael Trevisan ◽

Ana C. Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Transition Region ◽

Shoot Apical Meristem ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Apical Meristem ◽

Normal Development ◽

Dorsal Surface ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Bulliform Cells ◽

Normal Differentiation

The genus Scleria P.J. Bergius is pantropical, occurs in various habitats such as forests, fields, and wetlands, and is morphologically diverse. Some species have a winged sheath, which remains on the leaf blade and forms the last pair of costae. Anatomical observations of leaf blades of Scleria plusiophylla Steud. revealed the presence of inverted vascular bundles in the region of the wing. During the development of the shoot apical meristem of S. plusiophylla, it was observed that the wing emerges through divisions and enlargement of protoderm cells of the abaxial surface and subsurface cells (ground meristem) of the sheath. The ground meristem, from both sides of the sheath, gives rise to the procambial strands, which have normal differentiation. Subsequently, in the transition region between the sheath and the leaf blade, the growth of the sheath ends and the development of the leaf blade continues with the wings remaining adnate to the blade and initially folded towards the dorsal surface. As the leaf blade develops, the wings gradually unfold. Bulliform cells on the abaxial surface of the epidermis, which marked the beginning of the wing, and inverted vascular bundles intercalated with normal vascular bundles, are also observed. It was concluded that all of the bundles in the wing of the leaf blade have normal development and follow the orientation of development related to the side of the sheath from which they were initially derived, resulting in vascular bundles with different phloem positions.

Download Full-text

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT GAJAH (Pennisetum purpureum var. Hawaii) YANG DIBERI PUPUK BOKASHI KOTORAN AYAM BROILER DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v3i3.2568 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Asis Surajat ◽

Natsir Sandiah ◽

La Malesi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Multiple Test ◽

Number Of Leaves

This study aims to determine the best dose of fertilizer Bokashi broiler chicken manure on the growth of elephant grass. This study uses 64 trees planted elephant grass in a polybag, divided into 16 plots and the design of treatment used is Complete Random Design (RAL). This study consisted of 4 treatment that P0 (0 ton / ha Fertilizer Bokashi manure Broiler), P1 (10 ton / ha Fertilizer Bokashi manure Broiler), P2 (15 ton / ha Fertilizer Bokashi manure Broiler) and P3 (20 ton / ha Broiler Chicken manure Fertilizer Bokashi), and four replications. The research variables include plant height, number of tillers, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of segments, and root length. Analysis of data using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple test. The results are: The average of plant height (cm / week / treatment) is (P0) 99.11, (P1) 132.45, (P2) 133.61, (P3) 129.95. The average number of saplings (tree / week / treatment) is (P0) 0.99, (P1) 1.46, (P2) 1.93, (P3) 2.3. Mean stem diameter (cm / Week / treatment) is (P0) 0.97, (P1) 1.44, (P2) 1.47 (P3) 1.37. The average number of leaves (Overlay / treatment) is (P0) 10.85, (P1) 19.89, (P2) 21.77, (P3) 22.56. The average number of segment (Segment / treatment) is (P0) 2.88, (P1) of 4.93, (P2) 4.38, (P3) 3.88. The average root length (cm / treatment) is (P0) 72.22 (P1) 98, (P2) 104.75 (P3) 98.75. Bokashi fertilizer application broiler chicken manure can increase the growth of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum var. Hawaii)with the best dose of 15 ton / ha. Keywords: Fertilizer Bokashi broiler chicken manure, gras

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair dengan Konsentrasi Urin dan MOL Berbeda terhadap Produksi Rumput Gajah Mini (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott)

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Peternakan ◽

10.31605/jstp.v2i1.815 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Fitriana Akhsan ◽

Sukriandi ◽

A. Fajar Kurniawan Amris ◽

Muh. Irmansyah

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Research Method ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Right

Liquid organic fertilizer with the right concentration is expected to be a source of nutrients for the growth of mini elephant grass. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer with different concentrations of urine and Local Microorganism (LMO) on the production of mini elephant grass. The research method used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and each treatment consisted of 3 groups as replications. The treatments used were liquid organic fertilizer, with concentrations of P0 (as a control), P1 (100 % urine, 0 % LMO), P2 (90 % urine, 10 % LMO) and P3 (85 % urine, 15 % LMO). The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer with different concentrations of urine and MOL had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and production of fresh weight (g/clump). The liquid organic fertilizer with different urine and MOL concentrations has no significant effect on the growth and production of mini elephant grass.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH NAUNGAN DAN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGIS RUMPUT GAJAH DWARF (Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott)

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.37.1.2017.14867 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Charel Rily Rellam ◽

S. Anis ◽

A. Rumambi ◽

Rustandi .

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Maximum Height ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Open Area ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Dwarf Elephant Grass

THE EFFECT OF SHADING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DWARF ELEPHANT GRASS (Pennisetum purpureum cv. mott). This study was conducted to determine the responses of Dwarf Elephant grass (P. purpureum cv. Mott.) fertilized with different nitrogen levels and at different shading areas. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a Factorial arrangement with 2 factors of nitrogen levels and shading areas arranged as follows: factor A = fertilization levels of P1 = without fertilization (0%); P2 = 200 kg urea/ha; P3 = 400 kg urea/ha; and P4 = 800 kg urea/ha; whereas factor B = shasing areas of N1 = no shading area (0%), and N2 = 70% shading area. Variables measured were including leaf length, number of mature leaves, and plant height. Research results showed that plants needed about 200 kg urea/ha in order to achieve maximum leaf length in shaded area; whereas plants within no shading area needed about 800 kg urea/ha to achieve maximum leaf length. To achieve maximum number of mature leaves in open area without shading plants needed about 800 kg urea/ha, and no need for nitrogen fertilization in shading area for plants to achieve such a maximum number of mature leaves. The highest plant height was achieved at the level of 400 kg urea/ha fertilization at open area (no shading), and there was no need of nitrogen fertilization for plants in shaded area in order to achieve their maximum height. It can be concluded that shading positively contributed to the availability of nitrogen to be used by Dwarf Elephant grass (P. purpureum cv. Mott.). In open area without shading, plants need more nitrogen in the form of urea to produce leaf length, number of mature leaves, and plant height compared to shaded area.Keywords: Fertilization, Shading, Elephant Grass, Plant morphology.

Download Full-text

BUFFALO FECES GRANTING AND URINE OF SLUDGE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF GRASS ELEPHANT MINI ( PENNISETUM PURPUREUM SCHAMACH )

Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara ◽

10.30997/jpnu.v3i2.931 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Evi Reka Banjarnahor ◽

Nevy Diana Hanafi ◽

Ma'ruf Tafsin ◽

Achmad Sadeli

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Production Plant ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Real Effect ◽

Matter Production

Community farms mostly only use the main products of the farm alone, did not see many more opportunities of byproducts such as feces and urine of livestock. Byproducts can be used for very useful organic fertilizers from crops especially forage for animal feed such as mini elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum schamach) which is able to grow in various types of soil and is a grass of high nutritional value of fiber favored by livestock. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects from the provision of feces and urine buffalo mud and cutting intervals on the production and nutritional content of Pennisetum purpureum schamach. This research has been conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatra Utara from July to October 2015. This study used Split Plot Design, consisting of cutting interval (4 weeks and 6 weeks) as main plot and type of fertilizer (control / no fertilizer application, mud buffalo feces, buffalo feces + non fermented urine buffalo and feces from buffalo mud + urine fermentation) as subplot. The observed variables were plant height, fresh production, dried production, number of tillers, crude protein and crude fiber from Pennisetum purpureum schamach forage. Cutting intervals have a significant effect on improving nutritional content such as crude protein and crude fiber of mini elephant grass. The interaction of the results showed that the provision of impurities from mud buffalo (feces and urine) gave a real effect to increase fresh production, dry matter production, plant height and number of mini elephant grass. The interaction of the results showed that the provision of impurities from mud buffalo (feces and urine) gave a real effect to increase fresh production, dry matter production, plant height and number of tillers mini elephant grass.. Provision of mud buffalo dung (feces and urine) showed a real interaction with fresh production, dry matter production, plant height, number of tillers, crude protein and crude fiber.Keywords:Pennisetum purpureum Schamach, feces, urine, and and forage productivity

Download Full-text