scholarly journals Osteoporosis in Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Md Khairul Islam ◽  
Fahima Sharmin Hossain ◽  
Mostofa Kamal Chowdhury ◽  
Prodip Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copd Patients

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most common systemic features of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But there had been no data regarding osteoporosis in COPD patients in Bangladesh. Objectives: To determine the frequency of osteoporosis in COPD patients.Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study. COPD patients were recruited from Sarkari kormachari hospital. Patients were excluded if they had asthma, any disease affecting bones and calcium homeostasis or were receiving drugs related to bone metabolism. Demographic data were collected including age, smoking history, inhaled corticosteroid use, body mass index, treatment history hospital admission. Chest x-ray was done to exclude any infection or malignancy. Blood was obtained for complete blood count, renal function test, CRP. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) was conducted by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA scan) at second to fourth lumbar spines (L2-4) and femoral neck.Results: The overall prevalence of osteoporosis according to the lowest T-score at either L2-4 or femoral neck were 56.7%. This is very high than other country. BMI and CRP were significantly associated with osteoporosis.Conclusion: The frequency of osteoporosis in Bangladeshi COPD patients was higher than others. Osteoporosis was associated with low BMI and high level of CRP.J MEDICINE JUL 2018; 19 (2) : 114-118

scholarly journals Morphological and functional erythrocyte parameters in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2008 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
E. V. Privalova ◽  
T. V. Vavilova ◽  
N. A. Kuzubova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Compensatory Reaction ◽  
Copd Patients

The aim of this study was to investigate morphological and functional erythrocyte parameters in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured erythrocyte parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW-SD) using the automatic hematological analyzer Sysmex XT-2000i. Sixty-nine patients participated in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 34 patients with COPD (mean age 63 yrs, median smoking history 36 packyrs); 15 smokers without bronchial obstruction (mean age 56 yrs, median smoking history 28 packyrs) and 20 nonsmokers of the sane age without bronchial obstruction. Smokers with COPD and smokers without bronchial obstruction had significantly higher erythrocyte parameters compared to those of nonsmokers. Smokers demonstrated higher HGB level that could be as a compensatory reaction to nicotine-related preclinical hypoxia. Marked increase in RBC number and anisocytosis (RDW-SD) reflected the erythron activation in smokers with COPD. These results suggest that measurement of erythrocyte parameters could be useful to assess symptomatic erythrocytosis in COPD patients.

scholarly journals CT-measured lung air-trapping is associated with higher carotid artery stiffness in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1760-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Luehrs ◽  
John D. Newell ◽  
Alejandro P. Comellas ◽  
Eric A. Hoffman ◽  
Kelsey Warner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Artery Stiffness

Early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by the loss and narrowing of terminal bronchioles in the lung, resulting in “air-trapping,” often occurring before overt emphysema manifests. Individuals with an airway-predominant phenotype of COPD display extensive lung air-trapping and are at greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than COPD patients with an emphysema-predominant phenotype. We hypothesized that the degree of computed tomography (CT)-quantified lung air-trapping would be associated with greater aortic and carotid artery stiffness and lower endothelial function, known biomarkers of CVD risk. Lung air-trapping was associated with greater aortic stiffness (carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, CFPWV) ( r = 0.60, P = 0.007) and carotid β-stiffness ( r = 0.75, P = 0.0001) among adults with ( n = 10) and without ( n = 9) a clinical diagnosis of COPD and remained significant after adjusting for blood pressure (BP) and smoking history (pack-years) (carotid β-stiffness: r = 0.68, P < 0.01; CFPWV r = 0.53, P = 0.03). The association between lung air-trapping and carotid β-stiffness remained significant after additionally adjusting for age and forced expiratory volume 1(FEV1) ( r = 0.64, P = 0.01). In the COPD group only ( n = 10), lung air-trapping remained associated with carotid β-stiffness ( r = 0.82, P = 0.05) after adjustment for age, pack-years, and FEV1. In contrast, no association was observed between CFPWV and lung air-trapping after adjustment for BP, pack-years, age, and FEV1 ( r = 0.12, P = 0.83). Lung air-trapping was not associated with endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) in the entire cohort ( P = 0.80) or in patients with COPD only ( P = 0.71). These data suggest that carotid artery stiffness may be a mechanism explaining the link between airway-predominant phenotypes of COPD and high CVD risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated greater large elastic artery stiffness and lower endothelium-dependent dilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients compared with controls. Furthermore, COPD patients with emphysema have greater aortic stiffness than non-COPD controls, and the degree of stiffness is associated with emphysema severity. The present study is the first to demonstrate that even before overt emphysema manifests, lung air-trapping is associated with carotid artery stiffness in COPD patients independent of blood pressure, age, or smoking history.

scholarly journals Urinary incontinence in female patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
M. Papadopoulos ◽  
I. Muller ◽  
S. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients

Background: Urinary incontinence has been experienced as a problem since 1500 BC. In the twentieth century it is still a major problem that remains a source of distress for many sufferers. A lack of literature regarding the prevalence  of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) amongst chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients lead to this studyObjective: To determine the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in female COPD patients between the ages of 30 and 70 years.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 female COPD patients (aged 30-70 years) who were interviewed during a three month period. A structured COPD / incontinence questionnaire was used to obtain data. Statistical analysis of results included Fisher’s exact test and two-tailed t-tests. A p-value of < 0,05 was considered to be statistical significant.Results: The prevalence of SUI in female COPD patients was estimated as 82,1%. Smoking history was the only variable with a significant positive correlation regarding the patients presenting with SUI (p < 0,05). The proportion of smokers in the subjects presenting with SUI (SUI group - 29/55) is significantly higher than the subjects with no symptoms of SUI (normal group - 2/12).Discussion and Conclusion: The outcome of this study revealed a high prevalence of SUI in female COPD patients. Cigarette smoking, as the major contributing factor, revealed a strong statistical correlation between COPD and SUI.

scholarly journals Correlations between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, blood eosinophils and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Florica Chis ◽  
Carmen Monica Pop
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Bode Index ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Blood Eosinophils

Background and aims. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide, with increasing mortality and morbidity. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and blood eosinophils level (EOS) represent  biomarkers of inflammation in various diseases, with current research in the field of COPD. The aim of this study was to determine correlations of NLR and EOS with certain characteristics of COPD in a group of patients without major comorbidities. Methods. We conducted an observational study on COPD patients admitted to the Clinical Hospital of Pneumology in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The smoking history, body mass index (BMI), NLR, EOS, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) were determined. Functional assessment consisted of spirometric and BODE index determinations. The duration of hospitalization was expressed as the length of stay (LOS). The patients were divided into 3 subgroups: active smokers (AS), former smokers (FS) and never smokers (NS). Results. No significant differences between AS and FS were found when age, airway obstruction, BODE index, PaO2, ESR and CRP were considered. The NLR was higher in AS versus FS (p=0.035), while EOS was lower in AS group (p=0.061). COPD patients with ≥300EOS/μL had lower CRP, ESR levels and NLR compared to those with eosinophilia˂300/ μL (p=0.020, p=0.009 and p=0.007, respectively). With a threshold of 3.5 for NLR, patients with lower NLR had lower CRP values (p=0.05). COPD patients with higher NLR had significant lower EOS levels (p=0.018). Overall, the NLR and EOS were not correlated with the investigated characteristics (p˃0.05), but intragroup analysis (based on smoking status) revealed correlations with ESR (p=0.0001), CRP (p=0.053), BODE index (p=0.029) and LOS (p=0.042).             Conclusions. AS have higher NLR and lower EOS lelvels versus FS. COPD patients  with higher EOS level have lower CRP, ESR and NLR. In AS, EOS level is positively correlated with BODE index and negatively correlated with NLR.

scholarly journals An Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Pranav Ish ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is expected to increase in the coming decades due to increasing air pollution. In a country like India, it is a challenge to control the growing incidence of COPD. For this, it is imperative to understand the various risk factors that lead to the development of COPD including smoking and the ever-worsening environmental air pollution levels. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out at the out-patient clinic of pulmonary medicine at our tertiary care centre. Clinical severity data, demographic characteristics, smoking history, and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 levels at the residence of the patients were recorded. A total of 182 cases of COPD and 365 controls were taken. Result: COPD was found to be common among males (69.2%), among the factory workers, drivers and roadside vendors and in elderly age groups. COPD was found to be associated with exposure to active and passive smoking (p < 0.05). Exposure to dust, fumes, and smoke at the workplace was significantly more prevalent among the COPD patients (13.2%) than the control group (2.7%). Besides, 61.5% of the COPD patients were residing in the area with PM 2.5 levels > 60μg/m3 which was significantly greater than the controls (44.9%). Conclusion: The main risk factor for COPD is exposure to active and passive tobacco smoking. Other environmental factors such as exposure to dust, fumes at the workplace and home are also associated with COPD. Level of PM 2.5 > 60 μg/m3 is associated with an increased risk of COPD. Thus, the environmental history of residence in Delhi or a city with high AQI is significant in evaluating a COPD patient. It is important to understand the contribution of these risk factors as curbing and curtailing them can help prevent and control the growing burden of COPD.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: More than just a Comorbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Mradul Kumar Daga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Life Years

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and loss of Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) worldwide. It often is accompanied by the presence of various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis which may have an impact on the course of the disease. Osteopenia and osteoporosis are the consequences of loss of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and have been widely known major comorbidities in COPD patients. Female sex, age, and smoking are common pathogenic factors for both COPD and osteoporosis, other factors such as reduced daily physical activity, malnutrition, low body mass index, hypogonadism, vitamin D deficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic hypoxemia, and drugs like corticosteroids, have been invoked to explain such a frequent association between them. Osteoporosis in COPD is however often undertreated. It has been shown in recent studies that both decreased Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and impaired bone quality contribute to bone fragility, causing fractures in COPD patients. Pulmonary function and activities of the daily life of COPD patients may be further deteriorated by osteoporosis-associated fractures. Calcium and vitamin D, hormone replacement when indicated, calcitonin, and bisphosphonate administration are few effective strategies to tackle bone loss and osteoporosis. Awareness about this high prevalence of osteoporosis in COPD patients is critically important and physicians should look for such fracture risks. Routine screening and early diagnosis of osteoporosis will enable physicians to provide the appropriate treatment to prevent fracture, which leads to improved quality of life as well as better long-term prognosis.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

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