scholarly journals Correlation Between FNAC and Open Biopsy in Cervical Lymhadenopathy in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Tahmina Hossain ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin ◽  
MTH Siddiqui ◽  
Md. Ashraf Ul Huq ◽  
Md. Matiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Open Biopsy ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histopathological Findings

Background: Head and Neck region of the body has a rich network of lymphatic channel and intervening nodes. Out of total approximately 800 lymph nodes in the body about 300 are scattered in organized fashion in the neck region which are affected by various regional and systemic diseases. The conventional method of excisional biopsy is used to diagnose etiological causes of lymphadenopathy. In comparison to open surgical biopsy, FNAC is a simple, reliable and acceptable tool for the etiological diagnosis of lymphadenopathies. FNAC was first practiced by Grieg and Gray for the diagnosis of trypanosome in lymphnode in 1904. Now a day it is widely practiced in United States, United Kingdom and many other countries. In Bangladesh, many studies on FNAC are carried out and the results are highly appreciable and reliable.Methods: A prospective study for a period of 24 months was carried out on 50 patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes from July 2003 to June 2005. During the two years study period, 56 patients with cervical lymphadenopathies were selected for FNAC and openbiopsy following certain inclusion and exclusion criteria, in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujiib Medical University, Dhaka. Patients with acute lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathy due to leukaemia were excluded. Six cases were deleted from the study as smears from those revealed inadequate material and hence only 50 cases were available for study in the present series. Clinical findings, FNAC and biopsy reports were available in all the cases and were correlated with each other.Results: On biopsy, 27 cases were diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenopathies, 15 cases as lymphoma and 8 cases as reactive changes. On FNAC, there were 2 false positive and 5 false negative cases in case of tuberculosis; 2 false positive and 1 false negative cases in lymphoma; 4 false positive and 2 false negative cases in cases with reactive hyperplasia. Sensitivity of FNAC in comparison to histopathological findings was 92.6% in case of tuberculosis; 86.7% in case of lymphoma and 50% in case of nonspecific lymphadenitis. Specificity of FNAC in comparison to histological findings was 78.3% in case of tuberculosis; 94.2% in case of lymphoma and 95.3% in case of nonspecific lymphadenitis. Accuracy of FNAC in comparison to histopathological findings was 86% in case of tuberculosis; 94% in case of lymphoma and 88% in case of reactive changes.Conclusions: The present study indicates that, FNAC is a simple, reliable and acceptable procedure for various lesions of cervical lymph nodes. It can be repeated if necessary. It also concludes that FNAC helps to confirm the clinical impression without open biopsy. Open biopsy can be avoided in many benign and malignant lesions of cervical lymph nodes. Fine needle aspiration cytodiagnosis can eliminate the need of hospitalization and surgery.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i2.19526

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PRIMARY EXTRANODAL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: A RECORD BASE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipin Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Common Group

INTRODUCTION: Lesions in head and neck have always been a diagnostic dilemma for a pathologist and a treating clinician. Being on the exposed part of body, they become cosmetically unacceptable. These include lesions arising from the regional group of lymph nodes. Most commonly lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation. The diagnostic probability ranges from infections to developmental abnormalities, from inflammatory to malignant lesions. None the less all the lesions in lymph nodes of the head and neck region cannot be limited to a particular age group and gender. Routine staining procedures like PAP, Giemsa, Field and even H & E has been used to clinch the pathogenesis of the lesion. It can be said without any fear of contradiction that FNAC is certainly a very important tool for an early diagnosis of not only head and neck lesions but also other lesions elsewhere in the body. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a comparative study which was conducted in the department of pathology. The patients were subjected to detailed history and thorough clinical examination according to the working proforma. Patients were subjected to FNAC after written informed concent. The slides were stained using PAP, Giemsa and H&E stain and examined for underlying pathology. A detailed gross examination was done and 3-15 sections were selected from the representative areas for routine paraffin sections.  RESULTS: Amongst the total of 296 patients aspirated, 127 were from Lymph Nodes of head and neck region. Cervicallymph nodes were the most common group of lymph nodes aspirated, followed by submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Age wise tabulation shows maximum frequency of inflammatory lesions at younger age, of  which reactive hyperplasia was more common in pediatric age group and tuberculous lesions were more common in 20-40years of age. CONCLUSION: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common group of lymph nodes aspirated, followed by submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Reactive lymphadenitis is the most frequent diagnosis amongst the lymph node lesions and tuberculous lesions was the second most common diagnosis amongst all the lymph node lesions. 35 cases out of 127, as tuberculous lymphadenitis. Histopathology correlation could be done in 36 cases, of which 32 were found be correctly diagnosed in cytology.

Spam classification: a comparative analysis of different boosted decision tree approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrawan Kumar Trivedi ◽  
Prabin Kumar Panigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Tree Classifier ◽  
Boosted Decision Tree ◽  
Email Spam

PurposeEmail spam classification is now becoming a challenging area in the domain of text classification. Precise and robust classifiers are not only judged by classification accuracy but also by sensitivity (correctly classified legitimate emails) and specificity (correctly classified unsolicited emails) towards the accurate classification, captured by both false positive and false negative rates. This paper aims to present a comparative study between various decision tree classifiers (such as AD tree, decision stump and REP tree) with/without different boosting algorithms (bagging, boosting with re-sample and AdaBoost).Design/methodology/approachArtificial intelligence and text mining approaches have been incorporated in this study. Each decision tree classifier in this study is tested on informative words/features selected from the two publically available data sets (SpamAssassin and LingSpam) using a greedy step-wise feature search method.FindingsOutcomes of this study show that without boosting, the REP tree provides high performance accuracy with the AD tree ranking as the second-best performer. Decision stump is found to be the under-performing classifier of this study. However, with boosting, the combination of REP tree and AdaBoost compares favourably with other classification models. If the metrics false positive rate and performance accuracy are taken together, AD tree and REP tree with AdaBoost were both found to carry out an effective classification task. Greedy stepwise has proven its worth in this study by selecting a subset of valuable features to identify the correct class of emails.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is focussed on the classification of those email spams that are written in the English language only. The proposed models work with content (words/features) of email data that is mostly found in the body of the mail. Image spam has not been included in this study. Other messages such as short message service or multi-media messaging service were not included in this study.Practical implicationsIn this research, a boosted decision tree approach has been proposed and used to classify email spam and ham files; this is found to be a highly effective approach in comparison with other state-of-the-art modes used in other studies. This classifier may be tested for different applications and may provide new insights for developers and researchers.Originality/valueA comparison of decision tree classifiers with/without ensemble has been presented for spam classification.

scholarly journals Ossifying fibrous epulis as an IgG4-related disease of the oral cavity: a case report and literature review

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Ike ◽  
Takahiro Shimizu ◽  
Masaru Ogawa ◽  
Takahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Igg4 Related Disease ◽  
Organ Manifestations

Abstract Background Fibrous sclerosing tumours and hypertrophic lesions in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) are formed in various organs throughout the body, but disease in the oral region is not included among individual organ manifestations. We report a case of ossifying fibrous epulis that developed from the gingiva, as an instance of IgG4-RD. Case presentation A 60-year-old Japanese man visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, with a chief complaint of swelling of the left mandibular gingiva. A 65 mm × 45 mm pedunculated tumour was observed. The bilateral submandibular lymph nodes were enlarged. The intraoperative pathological diagnosis of the enlarged cervical lymph nodes was inflammation. Based on this diagnosis, surgical excision was limited to the intraoral tumour, which was subsequently pathologically diagnosed as ossifying fibrous epulis. Histopathologically, the ossifying fibrous epulis exhibited increased levels of fibroblasts and collagen fibres, as well as infiltration by numerous plasma cells. The IgG4/IgG cell ratio was > 40%. Serologic analysis revealed hyper-IgG4-emia (> 135 mg/dL). The patient met the comprehensive clinical diagnosis criteria and the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for IgG4-RD. Based on these criteria, we diagnosed the ossifying fibrous epulis in our patient as an IgG4-related disease. A pathological diagnosis of IgG4-related lymphadenopathy was established for the cervical lymph nodes. Concomitant clinical findings were consistent with type II IgG4-related lymphadenopathy. Conclusions A routine serological test may be needed in cases with marked fibrous changes (such as epulis) in the oral cavity and plasma cells, accompanied by tumour formation, to determine the possibility of individual-organ manifestations of IgG4-related disease.

scholarly journals Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Region – A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Vandana P Thorawade ◽  
S A Jaiswal ◽  
Seema Ramlakhan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Variable Nature

Introduction  Tuberculosis can involve any organ or site. Otorhinolaryngologist may encounter tuberculosis affecting lymph nodes, ear, larynx, deep neck spaces, salivary glands etc. which can mimic other chronic granulomatous conditions or malignancy. To ensure early diagnosis, it is important to recognize its cardinal signs and symptoms and to be aware of potential pitfalls in diagnosis. This study was done to learn the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in ear, nose, throat and head and neck region, and to assess the effectiveness of various investigations and treatment done for the same. Materials and Methods  A retrospective study done in our institution involving 120 patients suffering from tuberculosis in ear, nose, throat and head and neck region who attended pulmonary medicine or ENT OPD or ward between January 2008 to December 2017 that is, 10 years. Study period for data collection and analysis was 1 month. Results Total 120 patients-69 males and 51 females. Most common site was cervical lymph nodes(77.5% patients), followed by larynx(8.3%),middle ear(7.5%),deep neck spaces(2.5%) and salivary glands and nose(1.7% each). Histopathology was highly sensitive(99. 1%).All except one patient responded to first-line antitubercular drugs, the other patient was given treatment for MDR-TB to which he responded. Conclusion Tuberculosis can involve any site in the head and neck region, most common being cervical lymph nodes mainly presenting as neck swelling. Variable nature of manifestations of tuberculosis makes it essential to have high degree of suspicion for early diagnosis.

P219 THE ROLE OF PET-CT IN THE EVALUATION OF LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT IN ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION CARCINOMA - A 5-YEAR SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysovalantis Vergadis ◽  
Eustratia Mpaili ◽  
Athanasios Syllaios ◽  
Maria Mpoura ◽  
Adamantios Michalinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Aim To determine the efficacy of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in the evaluation of lymph node status during preoperative staging on patients with esophageal and gastrοesophageal junction carcinoma compared to the final histopathological findings. Background & Methods Data on patients that underwent esophagectomy from 01/03/2014 to 01/03/2019 were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. Based on the medical records, the following parameters were extracted and analyzed: patient demographics, histopathological parameters, surgical and oncological outcomes. All patients were staged according to the AJCC 8th edition. Results A total of 79 patients underwent Ivor Lewis or McKeown esophagectomy for either squamous cell carcinoma (n= 7 patients) or adenocarcinoma of esophagus or gastroesophageal junction (n= 72 patients). In 60 cases, clinical staging was conducted without performing PET- CT, while 19 cases underwent PET-CT. Among the 19 patients, 16 (84.2%) were men, and 3 (15.8 %) were women. Mean age was 62 years, (range 41- 72). Mean nodal harvest per patient was 30.6 lymph nodes. Twelve out of 19 patients (63.2%) revealed lymph node invasion, with a mean of 5.6 positive lymph nodes per patient. PET-CT identified the primary tumor in all 19 patients (100%). PET-CT demonstrated 100% compliance with the final histopathological reports regarding N status in only 5 out of 19 cases (26.3%). Four patients were staged as N0 both pre- and postoperatively, while one was deemed positive by PET-CT in right paracardial lymph nodes which was histopathologically confirmed. In other 4 patients (21.1%), PET-CT was 100% false negative, whereas in 3 patients (15.8%) PET-CT was 100% false positive. In the remaining 7 patients, PET-CT findings were in accordance with the pathology report in 7 out of 25 examined lymph node stations, false positive in 9 out of 25 and false negative in 9 out of 25. Conclusion PET-CT seems to have a considerable number of false positive and false negative results in esophageal cancer in our study as far as N-staging is concerned. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to reach more conclusive results.

Prognostic significance of clinically false positive cervical lymph nodes in patients with laryngeal carcinoma

Cancer ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oreste Gallo ◽  
Vieri Boddi ◽  
Guglielmo V. Bottai ◽  
Alessandro Franchi ◽  
Omero Fini Storchi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes

scholarly journals Histopathological Evaluation of Lymph Node Biopsies: A Hospital Based Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mamun Ali Biswas ◽  
Syeda Tasfia Siddika ◽  
Abdul Mannan Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common manifestation of a large variety of disorders,both benign and malignant. It is essential to define the pattern of disorders presenting primarily as lymph node enlargement in a particular environment. Histopathological examination of the lymph node biopsies is a gold standard test in the distinction between reactive and malignant lymphoid proliferations as well as for detailed subtyping oflymphomas. We designed this study in our population for histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes that might be helpful for clinical management of these lesions. Objective: Histopathological evaluation of lymphadenopathy from excised specimen, in relation to ageand sex of the patients, and distribution of the lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, Enam MedicalCollege & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka during the period from January 2006 to December 2010. Lymph node biopsies of all patients of both sexes and all age groups were included.Metastatic lymph nodes associated with evidence of primaries elsewhere in the body were excluded from the study. Total 191 lymph node biopsies were selected for histopathological evaluation. Among these 90 (47.12%) were from males and 101 (52.88%) were from females with male to female ratio being 1:2.1. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 35.73 ± 18 years. Results: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common (56%) biopsied group. Of the 191 cases 59 cases (30.89%) were reactive lymphadenitis, 64 cases (33.5%) were tuberculosis, 2 cases (1.05%) were non-caseous granuloma, 11 cases (5.76%) were Hodgkin lymphoma, 22 cases (11.52%) were non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 24 cases (12.57%) were metastatic neoplasm and 9 cases (4.7%) were other lesions.Conclusion: Tuberculosis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy, followed by reactive lymphadenitis and the cervical group of lymph nodes was most frequently affected. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11915 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1):8 -14

Radioisotope-Guided Surgical Biopsy of Suspected Osseous Metastases

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lary A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Bone Scan ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Gamma Probe ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Open Biopsy ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Percutaneous Injection

Background Radioisotope bone scanning is frequently used to stage patients with suspected or proven malignancies. Since false-positive results are common, especially in the ribs, open biopsy is often necessary. The conventional approach of visual inspection of the bone scan image to guide the surgeon usually requires excision of a large area of one or two ribs to assure that the biopsy was performed on the correct rib. A more precise method to guide the biopsy is desirable. Methods One technique to localize the suspicious area of bone intraoperatively for accurate biopsy involves percutaneous injection of the bone abnormality with a radioisotope followed by injection of methylene blue into the periosteum and subsequent open surgical biopsy. A more recent technique uses a hand-held gamma probe in a sterile sleeve in the operating room to locate the bone “hot spot” directly in the wound to guide the biopsy. Results Both techniques are effective in pinpointing the bone scan abnormality, but use of the gamma probe is less cumbersome and consumes less time and fewer resources. In one series of 10 patients undergoing gamma probe-guided biopsies of 13 rib and 1 sternal bone scan lesions, this technique showed a sensitivity of 100% in locating the area of abnormal radioisotope uptake. All biopsies yielded an abnormal diagnosis to account for the bone scan abnormality, but only 4 of 14 (29%) demonstrated metastatic tumor. Conclusions Techniques described for radioisotope-guided localization of areas of increased tracer uptake in asymptomatic suspected bone metastases are accurate, sensitive guides to the open biopsy of these bony abnormalities. Due to the high false-positive rates in these asymptomatic but suspicious bone scan abnormalities, a diagnosis should be histologically confirmed.

scholarly journals A Case Report: Rosai Dorfman Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Farida Yasmin ◽  
Abu Naser Mohammad Al-Amin ◽  
Ferdousi Begum ◽  
Ashis kumar Ghosh ◽  
M Rashed Z Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nodal Involvement ◽  
Orbital Mass ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Rosai Dorfman Disease ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation

Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD) is a rare disorder which usually associated with enlargement various superficial or deep lymph nodes. Clinical course of this disease is prolonged with exacerbation and remission phases occasionally. Over-production and accumulation of a specific type of white blood cell called histiocyte occurred in the lymph nodes of the body, mostly on the the neck. Other lymph node groups and in some cases, extra nodal abnormal accumulation of histiocytes may occur in other areas of the body that is more common in the head and neck region. Here we discussed a patient with extra-nodal involvement who presented with bilateral orbital mass.

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