scholarly journals Utility of Exfoliative Cytology of Voided Urine in Comparison with Ultrasonogram and Cystoscopy Findings in the Diagnosis of Urothelial Cancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
SM Badruddoza ◽  
FA Azim ◽  
AJE Nahar Rahman ◽  
M Kamal ◽  
AR Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Invasive Carcinomas ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Grade Iii

Carcinoma of the urinary bladder affects men more often than women and occurs in patients over the age of 50 years. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) comprises about 90% of all primary tumor of urinary bladder. In this study a total of 57 cases were taken. The aim of the study was to establish diagnostic role of voided urine cytology, ultrasonography and cystoscopy in urothelial cancers. Out of 57 cases, cytological diagnosis was positive in 53 cases (93%) and negative in 4 cases (7%). There were no atypical or suspicious cases. Of the total cases, cytology was negative only in 7% cases. Among 42 invasive carcinomas 14 (33%) grade III invasive flat carcinoma, one (2%) invasive papillary adenocarcinoma and two (5%) invasive squamous cell carcinoma, each of them gave 100% positive cytology. Of the remaining 25 (60%) invasive papillary TCC, 21 were in grade II and 4 were in grade III. They gave 90% and 100% positive cytologic results. Ultrasonogram of urinary bladder gave 95% (approx.) positive results and out of 57 cases, 3 cases failed to give positive results in ultrasonogram (USG) of the urinary tract. Cystoscopy detected tumor mass in 98% cases and it gave false negative result in 2% cases. Fifty-two tumors had a diameter ranging 1.1- 6 cm. Single lesions were seen in 40 cases, double lesion in one case and multiple in 13 cases. The probability of later invasive carcinomas nearly tripled in-patients with multiple lesions on presentation (13.6%) compared with those who presented with a single lesion (4.6%). Consistent with previously published data, this study showed the highest diagnostic accuracy with high-grade tumors and lowest with low-grade tumors. So in a proper clinical setting, non-invasive technique like voided urine cytology and ultrasonography could be done as a first line cost effective method in the diagnosis of urothelial cancers.TAJ 2017; 30(2): 39-46

scholarly journals Cytohistologic Correlation of Urothelial Cancers– A study of 57 Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
SM Badruddoza ◽  
FA Azim ◽  
AJE Nahar Rahman ◽  
M Kamal ◽  
AR Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Non Invasive

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) comprises about 90% of all primary tumors of urinary bladder. The accuracy of multiple voided urine cytology justifies its continued use as a first line diagnostic and detection technique, particularly for high grade invasive cancers and clinically unsuspected case of carcinoma particularly carcinoma in-situ. In this study 57 cases were taken to see correlation of cytology, histology, stage, morphological pattern and sensitivity and specificity of urothelial cancers. Out of 57, 53 (92.99)% were positive for malignancy and 4(7.01%) were negative. There were 14 (24.56%) non-invasive papillary tumors, 1(1.76%) carcinoma in-situ and 42 (76.68%) invasive carcinoma of all grades and types. Of 14 grade-II non-invasive papillary tumors, 12 (85.72%) were cytologically positive. With only two exceptions, out of 39 all of the invasive carcinomas of all grades and types were identified by cytology as cancerous. A 100% positive cytology was noted in the detection of flat carcinoma in-situ, papillary adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Of the total 57 cases of malignant lesions of urinary tract, 53 (92.99%) were positive on cytological examination. The two TCC of the renal pelvis also gave a 100% positive cytologic results. Among invasive carcinoma, stage B1 and B2 urothelial cancers yield highest positive cytologic diagnosis rather than stage 0 and stage A urothelial cancers. For all tumors the sensitivity was 92.99%. The specificity was 100% since there were no false positive cases. The diagnostic accuracy was 93% (approximately). Comparison with previously published data this study showed highest diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of voided urine cytology, good correlation with cytology histology and stage of tumor. So voided urine cytology, a very cheap and purely non invasive technique, can be done as an effective method to diagnose urothelial cancers in a developing country like Bangladesh where facilities for other investigations are practically limited.TAJ 2017; 30(1): 1-10

scholarly journals Does Urine Cytology Still have a Role?

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
M. Ciaccia ◽  
R. Bertoloni ◽  
F. Pinto ◽  
A. Calpista ◽  
P.F. Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
New Methods

Urine cytology is a reliable and well known tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with transitional cell carcinoma even if it has high sensitivity only in high grade tumors and carcinoma in situ. In order to improve sensitivity of this test in patients with low grade tumors, new methods such as cytometry, microsatellite assays, Immunocyt®, fuorescence in-situ hybridization and Thin-Prep monolayer have been developed. These new assays will be able to increase the cytology detection rate and to predict the outcome of transitional cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals Breast tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity with an unusual molecular profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn J Nielson ◽  
Edgar G. Fischer ◽  
Jacklyn Jacklyn Nemunaitis ◽  
Sangeetha Prabhakaran ◽  
Nadja K. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tall Cell ◽  
Reversed Polarity

Breast tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) is rare and previously referred to as solid papillary carcinoma with reverse polarity.  This low grade tumor commonly exhibits IDH2 p.Arg172 mutation, however is not completely understood at the molecular level.  We present a case of TCCRP in a 55 year old woman with a 0.7 cm left breast mass.  A core biopsy was performed with immunohistochemistry.  Lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were completed two months later.  MammaPrint$^{\textregistered}$ and BluePrint$^{\textregistered}$ gene expression profilers were performed on an excision block.  Microscopically, the tumor was composed of circumscribed nests of columnar cells, with focal papillary architecture.  Tumor cells had apically located nuclei with grooves and rare inclusions. Tumor cells were positive for CK5, IDH1/2, and calretinin, and myoepithelial cells were absent.  BluePrint$^{\textregistered}$ subtyped the tumor as basaloid.  MammaPrint$^{\textregistered}$ classified the tumor as high risk for metastasis.  TCCRP presents a diagnostic challenge.  Although these rare breast carcinomas are generally reported to have an indolent clinical course, molecular analysis by gene expression profiling classified this tumor as high risk of recurrence with a basaloid type.  Therefore, molecular analysis of this tumor may lead to conflicting data regarding prognosis and treatment considerations.  Clinicians and patients should weigh published data and individual prognostic information for treatment planning.  Our patient and clinical team opted for radiation without chemotherapy.  More cases of TCCRP need to be studied to better understand its molecular profile.

scholarly journals Urothelial Tumours of the Urinary Bladder: A Histopathological Study of Cystoscopic Biopsies

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujan Vaidya ◽  
Mamata Lakhey ◽  
Sabira KC ◽  
Suspana Hirachand
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Urothelial Tumours ◽  
Bladder Tumours

Introduction: Bladder tumours constitute one of the most common urological conditions. Urothelial(transitional cell) carcinoma accounts for 90% of all primary tumours of the bladder. These tumoursare an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to present thehistopathological patterns of urothelial tumours and to determine the grade and stage of thesetumours.Methods: This is a 3 year descriptive study of urothelial tumours carried out in the Departmentof Pathology, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Data of all cystoscopicbiopsies collected during this period were analyzed.Results: Of the 83 urinary bladder tumours, 81 (97.59%) cases were urothelial (transitional cell)tumours. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was the most common bladder tumour which was seenin 67 (80.72%) cases. Thirty two (47.76%) cases of TCC were low grade while 35 (52.24%) were highgrade. Forty three (64.18%) cases of TCC were superficial or in early stage (pTa and pT1) while 24(35.82%) showed muscle invasion.Conclusions: Transitional cell carcinoma was the most common bladder cancer. Most of thesetumours were high grade. A large percentage of high grade carcinomas presented with muscleinvasion. Pathological grade and muscle invasion are the most valuable prognostic predictorsof survival. The importance of including smooth muscle in the biopsy specimens needs to beemphasized._______________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: cancer; high grade; low grade; transitional tumour; urinary bladder._______________________________________________________________________________________

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