scholarly journals NATIONAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF VASYL PROKHODA IN POW CAMPS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Nataliia KRAVETS
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
First World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Government ◽  
First World

The article deals with the national-cultural activities of Vasyl Prokhoda in the POW camps in Austria-Hungary during the First World War. First of all, the stages of military service in the Russian army on the eve and during the Great War have been clarified (1912 – beginning of service in the 51st Lithuanian Regiment in Simferopol; 1913 – courses of the reserve ensigns; November 1914 – the rank of ensign; the Austro-Hungarian front of the First World War; winter 1914–1915 – participation in the Carpathian Operation of the Russian Army, captivity). Special attention is paid to his staying in the POW camps (Josefstadt, Liberec, Brux (Most), Theresienstadt (Terezin), stages of his national identity evolution. It stated that the formation of V. Prokhoda's national identity was facilitated by various factors: first of all, acquaintance with K. Kuril, program documents of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine, creation of Ukrainian libraries, choirs, drama clubs in the camps, reading of works by T. Shevchenko, M. Vovchka, etc. The author also investigates the public activities of V. Prokhoda in the POW camps, his contribution to the organization of Ukrainian life there, highlights living conditions in the camps (according to his observations), as well as specifics of inter-ethnic relations against the backdrop of events of the Russian Revolution 1917. The perception and attitude of nationally conscious Ukrainians (prisoners of war), in particular, V. Prokhody, to the creation of the Ukrainian Central Rada, its I and II Universals, the resolutions of the first military congresses in Ukraine, the Bolshevik coup in Russia in October 1917, compared to the estimates of these events by Russians (prisoners of war). The circumstances that opened the possibility of forming Ukrainian divisions of prisoners of war and sending them to disposal of the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) in the first half of 1918 were clarified. The last months of V. Prokhoda's staying in the POW camps under conditions of his health deterioration, the circumstances of his returning to Ukraine after the coup of P. Skoropadskyi are presented. Keywords Vasyl Prokhoda, national and cultural activity, POW camps, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.

Military Recruiting and the British Labour Force during the First World War

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Recruiting ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
The First World War ◽  
British Labour ◽  
The Government ◽  
First World

During the First World War, Britain was obliged for the first time for over a century to raise a mass army. Initially, this seemed to raise no insuperable problem; by the end of 1914, slightly over one million men had enlisted. Thereafter, however, civilian enthusiasm waned, and the government had to employ other means to stimulate the flow of recruits – alteration of the military service age limits and, later, the introduction of compulsory military service. Taken together, voluntary recruiting and conscription permitted the raising and maintenance of a mass army. By the time of the armistice on 11 November t 1918, almost five million men had entered the army, and a further half million had entered the two other services.

De strafrechtelijke repressie van het Vlaams activisme tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog in de Duitse krijgsgevangenkampen (november 1918 tot juli 1925). Deel 2

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-343
Author(s):  
Jos Monballyu
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
First World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
World War ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
First World

Bij het bestuderen van de strafrechtelijke vervolgingen van de activisten na de Eerste Wereldoorlog, besteedde men tot nog toe alleen aandacht aan de activisten die tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog in het bezette gebied werkzaam waren. Voor de strafrechtelijke vervolgingen van de activisten die tijdens die Eerste Wereldoorlog in de Duitse gevangenenkampen werkzaam waren, bestond tot op heden geen interesse. Nochtans hebben een aantal studies al aangetoond dat er in die gevangenenkampen, en dan voornamelijk in dat van Göttingen, een aantal zeer actieve kernen van activisten waren die in nauw contact stonden met de vertegenwoordigers van de Raad van Vlaanderen en allerlei initiatieven namen voor een Vlaamse ontvoogding na de oorlog. Deze gevangenen waren meestal militairen en dus krijgsgevangenen. Omdat zij hun activisme in militaire dienst hadden beleden, moesten zij zich na de oorlog verantwoorden voor een militaire rechtbank, eerst voor de krijgsraad van het Groot Hoofdkwartier van het Leger en daarna voor de krijgsraad van Brabant. Uitzonderlijk werd hun zaak behandeld door de krijgsraad van Antwerpen of die van Oost-Vlaanderen of van West-Vlaanderen. Uiteindelijk werden er voor 101 Vlaamse militairen een dossier aangelegd, waarvan er maar 35 moesten verschijnen voor een krijgsraad en maar 26 tot een straf, met inbegrip van de doodstraf, werden veroordeeld. De rest werd ofwel buiten vervolging gesteld of vrijgesproken. In het hiernavolgend artikel wordt uiteengezet wie die vervolgde militairen waren, in welke kampen zij actief waren, voor welke feiten zij vervolgd werden, op grond van welke strafwetsartikelen dit gebeurde en welke straffen zij opliepen.________The criminal prosecution of Flemish activism during the First World War in German prisoner of war camps (November 1918 – July 1925)Until the present, research into the criminal prosecution of activists after the First World War only focused on activists that were active in the occupied territories. The criminal prosecution of activists who were active in German prisoner of war camps during the First World War had not raised any interest until now. However, a number of studies have demonstrated that there were a number of very active cores of activists in those camps, in particular in Göttingen. These activists were in close contact with the representatives of the Council of Flanders and took varied initiatives to promote Flemish emancipation after the war. These prisoners were usually military and therefore prisoners of war. Because they had admitted their activism during their military service, they had to account for themselves after the war to a military court, first in front of the Court Martial of the Main Headquarters of the Army and consequently in front of the Court Martial of Brabant. Exceptionally their case was dealt with by the Court Martial of Antwerp or that of East or West Flanders. Finally legal documents were prepared for 101 Flemish military, of whom only 35 were called to appear before a Court Martial, and only 26 were convicted and given a sentence including the death penalty. For the remainder, either the charges were dropped, or they were acquitted. The following article will explain who those prosecuted military were, in which camps they were active, for which crimes they were prosecuted, on the basis of which articles of the law this was done and which sentences they received.

Russian Economic Nationalism during the First World War: Moscow Merchants and Commercial Diasporas

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lohr
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
First World

While accounts of the end of the Ottoman and Hapsburg empires have often stressed the rise of Turkish and German nationalisms, narratives of the Romanov collapse have generally not portrayed Russian nationalism as a key factor. In fact, scholars have either stressed the weaknesses of Russian national identity in the populace or the generally pragmatic approach of the government, which, as Hans Rogger classically phrased it, “opposed all autonomous expressions of nationalism, including the Russian.” In essence, many have argued, the regime was too conservative to embrace Russian nationalism, and it most often “subordinated all forms of the concept of nationalism to the categories of dynasty and empire.”

"Militarizacija materinstva" – ženski "naravni poklic" in vélika vojna

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Ana Cergol Paradiž
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
First World War ◽  
Promotional Material ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Representations Of Women ◽  
First World

With the help of publications, legislation, memoranda and promotional material, this article shows how various actors in the Slovene-speaking area, during the First World War, addressed their mothers, and if also in their cases, the phenomenon of the "militarization of motherhood" was shown, which was typical of other European countries. In the context of the discourse "militarization of motherhood", it analyzes the ways of how female (national) identity was formed. It tries to answer the question of what (patriotic) duties were imposed to women as mothers, for example, if as a result of declining birth rates in that time, even we encountered pronatalistic initiatives, especially those that were advocating social and health protection of (illegitimate) mothers and children. It also analyzes the views on the educational work of mothers at the time when this was, due to the absence of fathers, irregular lessons and the difficult war situation, even more difficult. At the same time, it studies the representations of women as mourning mothers at the deaths of their sons-soldiers. In this context, it establishes that during the war, the motif of a mourning, but brave and proud mother was frequent also in the Slovene press. A separate chapter presents the views of female authors on the topic of motherhood.

Life conditions of Turkish prisoners on nargin island during the first world war

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (08) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Джамиля Яшар гызы Рустамова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
First World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Right ◽  
First World

The article is dedicated to the matter of Turkish prisoners on the Nargin Island in the Caspian Sea during the First World War. According to approximate computations, there were about 50-60 thousand people of Turkish captives in Russia. Some of them were sent to Baku because of the close location to the Caucasus Front and from there they were sent to the Nargin Island in the Caspian Sea. As time showed it was not the right choise. The Island had no decent conditions for living and turned the life of prisoners into the hell camp. Hastily built barracks contravene meet elementary standards, were poorly heated and by the end of the war they were not heated at all, water supply was unsatisfactory, sometimes water was not brought to the prisoner's several days. Bread was given in 100 grams per person per day, and then this rate redused by half. Knowing the plight of the prisoners, many citizens of Baku as well as the Baku Muslim Charitable Society and other charitable societies provided moral and material support to prisoners, they often went to the camp, brought food, clothes, medicines Key words: World War I, prisoners of war, Nargin Island, refugees, incarceration conditions, starvation, charity

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