scholarly journals Role of the TAS2R38 Bitter Taste Receptor Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Patients With Taste Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 800-805
Author(s):  
Byung-Jun Kang ◽  
Jin-Woo Park ◽  
Sang-Yen Geum ◽  
Un-Kyung Kim ◽  
Seung-Heon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Taste Disorder ◽  
Taste Disorders ◽  
Tas2r38 Gene

Background and Objectives Several studies have shown that three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TAS2R38 gene demonstrate a strong association with the ability to sense the bitter taste of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) in. We have previously reported about TAS2R38 genotypes in normal volunteers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role TAS2R38 gene plays in taste disorder by examining SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene in taste disorder patients.Subjects and Method Ninety-four patients with taste dysfunction from multiple etiologies were enrolled. The genotypes were defined by identifying SNPs on the TAS2R38 gene. The proportion of different TAS2R38 genotypes in the group was compared with that in the normal volunteers of our previous study. The whole mouth taste threshold tests were performed and the thresholds were compared among the three different genotypic groups.Results The proportion of each diplotype in taste disorder patients were as follows: PAV/ PAV 36.2% (34/94), PAV/AVI 34.0% (32/94), and AVI/AVI 29.8% (28/94). The proportion of AVI/AVI type was higher in the group than in the normal volunteers (p=0.031). The detection and recognition thresholds of all four basic tastes were increased in the order of PAV/PAV, PAV/AVI, and AVI/AVI genotypes.Conclusion The proportion of AVI/AVI homozygous was significantly higher in taste disorder patients than in the normal volunteers. Our findings suggest that the genotypes of TAS2R38 may represent one of the risk factors responsible for the development of taste disorders.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes, Taste Function and Dietary Intake in Preschool-Aged Children and Adults in the Guelph Family Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Chamoun ◽  
Nicholas Carroll ◽  
Lisa Duizer ◽  
Wenjuan Qi ◽  
Zeny Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Salt Taste

Taste is a fundamental determinant of food selection, and inter-individual variations in taste perception may be important risk factors for poor eating habits and obesity. Characterizing differences in taste perception and their influences on dietary intake may lead to an improved understanding of obesity risk and a potential to develop personalized nutrition recommendations. This study explored associations between 93 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sweet, fat, bitter, salt, sour, and umami taste receptors and psychophysical measures of taste. Forty-four families from the Guelph Family Health Study participated, including 60 children and 65 adults. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis and parents completed a three-day food record for their children. Parents underwent a test for suprathreshold sensitivity (ST) and taste preference (PR) for sweet, fat, salt, umami, and sour as well as a phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste status test. Children underwent PR tests and a PTC taste status test. Analysis of SNPs and psychophysical measures of taste yielded 23 significant associations in parents and 11 in children. After adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing, the rs713598 in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene and rs236514 in the KCNJ2 sour taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with PTC ST and sour PR in parents, respectively. In children, rs173135 in KCNJ2 and rs4790522 in the TRPV1 salt taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with sour and salt taste PRs, respectively. A multiple trait analysis of PR and nutrient composition of diet in the children revealed that rs9701796 in the TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor gene was associated with both sweet PR and percent energy from added sugar in the diet. These findings provide evidence that for bitter, sour, salt, and sweet taste, certain genetic variants are associated with taste function and may be implicated in eating patterns. (Support was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs).

scholarly journals Variation in type two taste receptor genes is associated with bitter tasting phenylthiocarbamide consumption in mature Targhee and Rambouillet rams

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M Davenport ◽  
J Bret Taylor ◽  
Dillan Henslee ◽  
Claire Southerland ◽  
Joel Yelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Grazing Systems

Abstract Bitter taste perception in sheep can lead to avoidance of specific types of forage, such as sagebrush, which is present on many rangeland grazing systems in the Intermountain West. In humans, bitter taste perception is influenced by variation in several TAS2R genes, including more extensively studied TAS2R38 and TAS2R16. We hypothesize that variation in taste receptor genes in sheep is associated with bitter taste. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine variation in TAS2R genes in relation to consumption of a bitter tasting compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) which determines bitter “taster” and “non-taster” status in humans. Rambouillet and Targhee rams (n = 26) were offered various concentrations of PTC solution (0.2–12.29 mM) and water in a side-by-side presentation during two experiments. Blood was collected for DNA isolation and sequencing. Nineteen TAS2R genes were amplified and sequenced with long read Oxford Nanopore MinION technology. A total of 1,049 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 26 haplotypes were identified in these genes. Of these, 24 SNPs and 11 haplotypes were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with PTC consumption in TAS2R3, TAS2R5, TAS2R8, TAS2R9, TAS2R16, TAS2R31-like, TAS2R38, TAS2R39, and TAS2R42-like. Over 50% of the SNPs resulted in a change in amino acid sequence and several resided in potential regulatory regions, which could have downstream functional consequences and influence bitter taste perception in sheep. Further research is needed to validate these associations and elucidate the mechanisms that link variation in TAS2R genes to bitter taste perception in sheep. This may enable producers to select sheep more likely to consume bitter forage such as sagebrush as a flock and rangeland management strategy.

Tu1375 Strong Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor Gene, BsmI, and Colorectal Cancer in Asian Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S888
Author(s):  
Prapimphan Aumpansub ◽  
Kessarin Thanapirom ◽  
Surbpong Tanasanvimon ◽  
Satimai Aniwan ◽  
Sirinporn Suksawatamnuay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Variation in the Bitter-taste Receptor Gene TAS2R38 , and Adiposity in a Genetically Isolated Population in Southern Italy

Obesity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2289-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly J. Tepper ◽  
Yvonne Koelliker ◽  
Liqiang Zhao ◽  
Natalia V. Ullrich ◽  
Carmela Lanzara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Bitter Taste Receptor ◽  
Bitter Taste Receptor Gene

Characterisation of the melanocortin-1 receptor gene in alpaca and identification of possible markers associated with phenotypic variations in colour

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Feeley ◽  
K. A. Munyard
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Phenotypic Variations

The aim of this study was to determine if any correlation exists between melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms and skin and fibre colour in alpacas. Primers capable of amplifying the entire alpaca MC1R gene were designed from a comparative alignment of Bos taurus and Mus musculus MC1R gene sequences. The complete MC1R gene of 41 alpacas exhibiting a range of fibre colours, and which were sourced from farms across Australia, was sequenced from PCR products. Twenty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified within MC1R. Two of these polymorphisms (A82G and C901T) have the potential to reduce eumelanin production by disrupting the activity of MC1R. No agreement was observed between fibre colour alone and MC1R genotype in the 41 animals in this study. However, when the animals were assigned to groups based on the presence or absence of eumelanin in their fibre and skin, only animals that had at least one allele with the A82/C901 combination expressed eumelanin. We propose that A82/C901 is the wild-type dominant ‘E’ MC1R allele, while alpacas with either G82/T901 or G82/Y901 are homozygous for the recessive ‘e’ MC1R allele and are therefore unable to produce eumelanin.

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