scholarly journals Differences in wood properties among Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e395101624035
Author(s):  
Eduardo Luiz Longui ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Custódio ◽  
Erick Phelipe Amorim ◽  
Francides Gomes da Silva Júnior ◽  
Shinitiro Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Radial Pattern ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Chemical Contents

We compared the anatomy, density, chemical contents, and bioenergy values of Eucalyptus grandis and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla wood originating from diploids, triploids and tetraploids. We hypothesize that Eucalyptus grandis and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy have variations as a result of different sets of chromosomes producing different phenotypic expressions and chemical constituents, such as variation in cell size and frequency, which would directly influence wood quality. Twenty-year-old trees were cut, eight for each ploidy: diploids and tetraploids are E. grandis; triploids are E. grandis x E. urophylla. We use standardized techniques. Our hypothesis was confirmed. Triploid and tetraploid trees presented wider trunks, taller trees with longer stems and wider crowns compared to diploid trees. Wood density showed significant radial variation only in diploids, while triploid and tetraploid trees were more homogeneous. In polyploid trees, the anatomical features did not clearly present a radial pattern. Triploid and tetraploid trees presented higher density wood than diploid trees. The chemical constituents varied from pith to bark in the three ploidies, but no differences between ploidies were found. For energy generation purposes, diploid and triploid trees are more desirable than tetraploid trees.

Within-Tree Variation in Wood Fibre Biometry And Basic Density of the Urograndis Eucalypt Hybrid (Eucalyptus Grandis × E. Urophylla)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Axial Variation ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽  
Old Trees

Within-tree variations in fibre length, width, wall thickness and wood basic density of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla (urograndis) were studied in five 6.8-yr-old seedling trees and five 5.6-yr-old trees from one clone from Brazil. Samples were taken at 5%, 25%, 35%, 55%, 65% and 90% of stem height and five radial positions (10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of radius). The tree average fibre length, width and wall thickness were in seed and clone trees: 0.955 mm and 1.064 mm, 18 μm and 20 μm, 3.6 μm and 4.4 μm respectively. The axial variation of fibre dimensions was very low, while there was a consistent but small increasing trend from pith to periphery. The basic density ranged from 397–464 kg/m3 to 486–495 kg/m3 respectively in seedling and clone trees with a low variation along the stem. In comparison with other eucalypt pulpwood, e.g. E. globulus, the urograndis hybrid showed similar fibre dimensions and lower basic density. Overall the within-tree variation of these wood properties was low and age had a small impact on the variation of density and fibre dimensions.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL WOOD PROPERTIES OF TWO-YEAR-OLD Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angélica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Mario Tomazello Filho ◽  
Paulina Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Adult Trees

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus wood from adult trees is used for several purposes; however, the wood of younger trees has limited use. This study aims to characterize and propose uses of two-year-old eucalyptus wood. Six two-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones have been selected and their anatomical, ultrastructural, physical and mechanical wood characteristics evaluated. The wood of Clone A shows more robust fibers with better microfibril arrangement, resulting in better mechanical properties, and therefore, a better performance for structural use. Clone F showed a low variation of wood basic density in the radial direction, facilitating its machinability, and with the Clone B, showed a lower anisotropy, and therefore, the wood is recommended for locations with high variations of humidity. The heterogeneity of the wood characteristics of the evaluated clones confirms the need for further studies, to choose those most adequate to each use.

scholarly journals Relationship among extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents with performance index of seven wood species used for bows of string instruments

IAWA Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Luiz Longui ◽  
Iris Brémaud ◽  
Francides Gomes da Silva Júnior ◽  
Daniel Romeu Lombardi ◽  
Edenise Segala Alves
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Caesalpinia Echinata

In this paper we investigate the influence of extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents on performance index (PI) of seven woods used or tested for violin bows. Woods with higher values of this index (PI = √MOE/ρ, where MOE is modulus of elasticity and ρ is density) have a higher bending stiffness at a given mass, which can be related to bow wood quality. Extractive content was negatively correlated with PI in Caesalpinia echinata, Handroanthus sp. and Astronium lecointei. In C. echinata holocellulose was positively correlated with PI. These results need to be further explored with more samples and by testing additional wood properties. Although the chemical constituents could provide an indication of quality, it is not possible to establish appropriate woods for bows solely by examining their chemical constituents.

scholarly journals MASSA ESPECÍFICA E RETRATIBILIDADE DA MADEIRA DE SEIS ESPÉCIES DE EUCALIPTO CULTIVADAS NO LITORAL DE SANTA CATARINA

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Jackson Roberto Eleotério ◽  
Douglas Reichert ◽  
Kerling Fabiane Hornburg ◽  
Isalena Meneguelli
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis ◽  
Eucalyptus Cloeziana ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Shrinkage Coefficient

O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar e comparar a massa específica básica e aparente a 12% de umidade e os coeficientes de contração radial, tangencial e volumétrico de cinco espécies e um híbrido de eucalipto. As amostras de Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis e Eucalyptus resinifera foram retiradas de árvores com 17 anos; as de Eucalyptus grandis, de árvores com 14 anos; e as de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, de árvores com oito anos, todas plantadas no litoral norte de Santa Catarina. A madeira do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla e a de Eucalyptus grandis e de Eucalyptus pilularis classificam-se como leve, e a das demais espécies é classificada como madeira moderadamente pesada. Independentemente da contração analisada, os grupos formados na comparação de médias foram os mesmos. Os coeficientes de contração radial de Eucalyptus cloeziana e Eucalyptus resinifera são altos; já os coeficientes de contração tangencial e volumétrico de Eucalyptus grandis e volumétrico de Eucalyptus pilularis são baixos; e os demais podem ser classificados como médios. A variação na massa específica não é acompanhada de proporcional variação nos coeficientes de contração, resultando em baixas e moderadas correlações entre essas variáveis, apesar de significativas.Palavras-chave: Propriedades físicas; contração; Eucalyptus; Corymbia. AbstractSpecific gravity and shrinkage coefficients of wood of six species of eucalypts cultivated on the coast of Santa Catarina. This work aims at determining and comparing the basic and 12% moisture content specific gravity and radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of five species and a hybrid of eucalypts. The samples of Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus resinifera were extracted from 17 years old trees; ones of Eucalyptus grandis from 14 years old trees and the ones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla from eight years old trees, all of them planted on the North Coast of Santa Catarina State. The wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, of the Eucalyptus grandis and of the Eucalyptus pilularis can be classified as light, the others can be classified as moderately heavy. Independently on the shrinkage analyzed, the groups formed during the multiple mean comparing are the same. The radial shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus cloeziana and that of Eucalyptus resinifera are high. However, the tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of Eucalyptus grandis and the volumetric shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus pilularis are low; the others can be classified as medium. The variation on specific gravity is not followed by proportional variation on the shrinkage coefficients, resulting in low and moderate correlations between coefficients even tough significant.Keywords: Physical properties; shrinkage coefficients; Eucalyptus; Corymbia.

scholarly journals WOOD DENSITY OF CLONES OF Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF GROWTH

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Mauri ◽  
José Tarcísio da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Mário Tomazello Filho ◽  
Antônio Marcos Rosado ◽  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Growth Site ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity

AbstractVariations in the growth site of trees have influence on the internal structure of the trunk. Considering this fact, this study investigated influence of the characteristics of the growth site on wood specific gravity of two clones of Eucalyptus urophyllax Eucalyptus grandis,  approximately six years old, growing in different altitudes and topographies. Furthemore, two methods of sampling of the wood specific gravity were studied, for comparison purpose. Results showed that wood specific gravity underwent variations between growth conditions andtrends in wood specific gravity variations, compared between growth conditions, were the same regardless of the clone. With relation to  sampling method, the wedge was more appropriate for determination of wood specific gravity, in order to extrapolate the disc density. These results provide tools to forestry companies about consolidation of genetic material and its behavior in different growth conditions, to attend wood quality requirements.Keywords: Eucalypt; wood quality;topography; altitude. ResumoDensidade do lenho de clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis em diferentes condições de crescimento. As variações nas características do local de crescimento das árvores apresentam influência na estrutura interna do tronco. Diante deste fato, foi estudada a influência das características do local de crescimento na densidade básica da madeira de dois clones de EucalyptusurophyllaxEucalyptusgrandis, com aproximadamente seis anos de idade que cresceram emaltitudes e topografias diferentes. Além disso, estudou-se duas formas de amostragem da densidade básica na árvore para fins de comparações. Por meio dos resultados pode-seobservar que a densidade básica da madeira sofreu variações nas diferentes condições de crescimento e que as tendências de variações na densidade básica da madeira, frente às condições de crescimento, foram as mesmas independentemente do clone. Em relaçãoao método de amostragem,a cunha mostrou-se mais apropriada para determinação da densidade básica da madeira para fins de extrapolação da densidade do disco.Estes resultados fornecem subsídios para as empresas do setor florestal no que diz respeito à consolidação de material genético e seu comportamento em diferentes condições de crescimento para atender suas demandas de qualidade de madeira.Palavras-chave:Eucalipto; qualidade de madeira;topografia; altitude.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND VOLUMETRIC PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Wesley Gomes Silva ◽  
Darcy Maria da Conceição Laura dos Santos ◽  
Ana Paula Leite Lima ◽  
Filipi Duran Mattos ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
The Ideal

In forest stands, the ideal planting spacing can provide each tree with enough space for its establishment, aiming at greater growth and wood quality, according to the objective of planting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth in height, diameter, and volumetric production of three eucalyptus clones planted in different spacings. The experiment was carried out in an area belonging to Campo Bom Farm, in Chapadão do Sul, MS. A randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme, combining six spacings (2.5 x 0.5 m; 2.5 x 1.0 m; 2.5 x 2.0 m; 3.0 x 0.5 m; 3.0 x 1.0 m and 3.0 x 2.0 m) and three clone of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (GG 680, GG 157 and GG 100) with three replications. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of all plants were evaluated at 12, 18, 24, and 32 months after planting. At 32 months, the cubage of a tree per plot was performed to obtain the volume of wood per tree and hectare. In the largest spacings, the highest average plant heights were observed. The growth of plant height was reduced from 24 months of age, except for the GG 680 clone, at 2.5 x 2.0 m and 2.5 x 1.0 m spacings, and in GG 100 clone, at 2.5 x 1.0 m spacing. The average diameter and volume per tree increased with the spacing for the three clones, while the volume per area was higher in the denser spacing. Wood volume production per area was dependent on the spacing used for the three clones.

scholarly journals Eucalypt Clonal Hybrid Influences the Carbon Amount of Below-Ground Biomass in Oxisol, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Grasiele Dick ◽  
Humberto J. Eufrade-Junior ◽  
Mauro V. Schumacher ◽  
Gileno B. Azevedo ◽  
Saulo P. S. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variances ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽  
Carbon Determination ◽  
Hybrid Clones

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an influence of different clonal hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla on the carbon concentration and amount in below-ground biomass in trees cultivated in Oxisol, Brazil. Stumps and roots of three different eucalypt hybrid clones, AEC 0144, AEC 0223, and VM01, were selected, weighed immediately after being removed from the ground, and sampled for carbon determination and moisture content at the laboratory. The Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests were used to evaluate data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Scott-Knott test was used to evaluate the effects of specie/hybrid on the below-ground biomass (dry matter) and carbon amount per stump. The hybrid type of Eucalyptus urophylla does not influence the carbon concentration; however, there is a difference in below-ground biomass production and carbon amount with it being higher for Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus camaldulensis when compared to the species Eucalyptus urophylla and hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA DE ISCAS GRANULADAS À BASE DE SULFLURAMIDA E DE CLORPIRIFÓS NO CONTROLE DE Atta sexdens sexdens(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), NO TRÓPICO ÚMIDO.

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalton Pinheiro da CRUZ ◽  
José Cola ZANUNCIO ◽  
Ronald ZANETTI ◽  
Odilávio Sá GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Atta Sexdens

Este trabalho foi realizado em plantios de eucalipto urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla χ Eucalyptus grandis)da Jari Celulose S.A., no município de Almeirim, Pará, no período de agosto/94 a janeiro/95. Foi testada a eficiência de uma isca granulada com sulfluramida e de três outras com clorpirifós, em três dosagens cada por metro quadrado de formigueiro, no controle de Atta sexdens sexdens(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Os resultados foram comparados com os de uma isca à base de dodecacloro (0,45%) a 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro. A isca granulada com sulfluramida a 6, 8 e 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro apresentou 77,78%, 100,00% e 88,90% de controle, respectivamente, assemelhando-se à isca a base de dodecacloro que apresentou 100,00% de formigueiros mortos. As outras iscas, em qualquer dosagem, apresentaram eficiência abaixo de 45,00%.

scholarly journals Painéis Compensados Fabricados com Lâminas de Três Espécies de Eucaliptos

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kazmierczak ◽  
Everton Hillig ◽  
Setsuo Iwakiri
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
E 32

RESUMO O objetivo foi analisar a qualidade de painéis compensados produzidos com lâminas de Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus dunnii e o híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, em diferentes composições de misturas. Foram produzidos painéis com 500 × 500 × 14 mm e sete camadas de lâminas, coladas com fenol-formaldeído (FF), na gramatura de 360 g. m-2 em linha dupla e teores de sólidos de 28% e 32%. A prensagem dos painéis foi realizada a 130 °C, 12 kgf. cm-2 e 15 minutos. Analisaram-se as propriedades massa específica, umidade, absorção d’água, inchamento em espessura, cisalhamento na linha de cola e flexão estática. Os resultados foram comparados aos requisitos do catálogo técnico da ABIMCI e das normas EN 314-2 e DIN 68792. Os painéis de Eucalyptus dunnii apresentaram menores valores de propriedades mecânicas, com tendência de aumento quando em misturas. Os painéis de Eucalyptus saligna e do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis apresentaram bons resultados, tanto puros como em mistura com as outras espécies.

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