WOOD DENSITY OF CLONES OF Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF GROWTH

AbstractVariations in the growth site of trees have influence on the internal structure of the trunk. Considering this fact, this study investigated influence of the characteristics of the growth site on wood specific gravity of two clones of Eucalyptus urophyllax Eucalyptus grandis, approximately six years old, growing in different altitudes and topographies. Furthemore, two methods of sampling of the wood specific gravity were studied, for comparison purpose. Results showed that wood specific gravity underwent variations between growth conditions andtrends in wood specific gravity variations, compared between growth conditions, were the same regardless of the clone. With relation to sampling method, the wedge was more appropriate for determination of wood specific gravity, in order to extrapolate the disc density. These results provide tools to forestry companies about consolidation of genetic material and its behavior in different growth conditions, to attend wood quality requirements.Keywords: Eucalypt; wood quality;topography; altitude. ResumoDensidade do lenho de clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis em diferentes condições de crescimento. As variações nas características do local de crescimento das árvores apresentam influência na estrutura interna do tronco. Diante deste fato, foi estudada a influência das características do local de crescimento na densidade básica da madeira de dois clones de EucalyptusurophyllaxEucalyptusgrandis, com aproximadamente seis anos de idade que cresceram emaltitudes e topografias diferentes. Além disso, estudou-se duas formas de amostragem da densidade básica na árvore para fins de comparações. Por meio dos resultados pode-seobservar que a densidade básica da madeira sofreu variações nas diferentes condições de crescimento e que as tendências de variações na densidade básica da madeira, frente às condições de crescimento, foram as mesmas independentemente do clone. Em relaçãoao método de amostragem,a cunha mostrou-se mais apropriada para determinação da densidade básica da madeira para fins de extrapolação da densidade do disco.Estes resultados fornecem subsídios para as empresas do setor florestal no que diz respeito à consolidação de material genético e seu comportamento em diferentes condições de crescimento para atender suas demandas de qualidade de madeira.Palavras-chave:Eucalipto; qualidade de madeira;topografia; altitude.

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Determination of Wood Specific Gravity in Standing White Spruce Using a Pilodyn Tester

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc58178-4 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 178-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael M. Micko ◽

Eugene I. C. Wang ◽

Fred W. Taylor ◽

Alvin D. Yanchuk

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Picea Glauca ◽

White Spruce ◽

Tree Improvement ◽

Selection Program ◽

Core Samples ◽

Wood Specific Gravity ◽

Pilodyn Penetration ◽

Gravity Estimation

A simple spring-load pin-ejecting instrument, the "Pilodyn", was used to assess wood specific gravity of standing white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees. Pin penetrations in both debarked and unpeeled trees were compared with outerwood specific gravity determined from actual core samples taken near the Pilodyn test spots. High degrees of correlation were found for Pilodyn penetration measurements and the outerwood specific gravities. The Pilodyn tester can be used in tree specific gravity estimation as part of a selection program for tree improvement.

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Age versus size determination of radial variation in wood specific gravity: lessons from eccentrics

Trees ◽

10.1007/s00468-010-0535-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 585-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Bruce Williamson ◽

Michael C. Wiemann

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Radial Variation ◽

Size Determination ◽

Wood Specific Gravity

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Effect of growth suppression and release on strength and specific gravity of yellow-poplar

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x10-101 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 1661-1670

Author(s):

Thammarat Mettanurak ◽

Audrey Zink-Sharp ◽

Carolyn A. Copenheaver ◽

Shepard M. Zedaker

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Growth Suppression ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Yellow Poplar ◽

Increment Core ◽

Growth Release ◽

The Mean

Compression tests and specific gravity analyses were conducted to investigate the impacts of growth suppression and growth release on wood quality in yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.). Growth ring widths in 23 increment cores were determined and the years of minimum suppression and maximum release were identified based on a modified radial growth averaging technique. Three specimens (1 mm × 1 mm × 4 mm) from both minimum suppression and maximum release years were prepared from each increment core. Data analysis using paired-samples t tests revealed that the mean ultimate crushing stress of the maximum release years was significantly higher than that of the minimum suppression years, yet the mean specific gravity was not significantly different. Even though there was no statistical difference in specific gravity for the two growth conditions studied, the ultimate crushing stress was statistically higher for the release growth specimens. This finding provides support for the concept that growth rate can have an added effect on strength properties that is not entirely captured by specific gravity. Thus, to improve wood quality in yellow-poplar stands, forest managers might consider increasing the likelihood of periods of growth release by controlling the competition experienced by the trees.

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INFLUÊNCIA DA IDADE E DA POSIÇÃO RADIAL NA MASSA ESPECÍFICA DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. MAIDEN

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v34i1.2371 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José De Castro Silva ◽

José Tarcísio Da Silva Oliveira ◽

Mário Tomazello Filho ◽

Sidon Keinert Júnior ◽

Jorge Luis Monteiro De Matos

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Radial Position ◽

Wood Specific Gravity ◽

Old Trees

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a variação da massa específica da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, de quatro idades em diferentes posições radiais. Para os ensaios de massa específica básica e aparente, as amostras foram retiradas de seções radiais de três discos, retirados da base e do final da primeira e da segunda toras, com comprimentos comerciais de três metros, tomando-se quatro posições eqüidistantes (0, 33, 66 e 100%), no sentido medula-casca. Para o ensaio de densitometria de raios-X, as amostras foram retiradas dos mesmos discos, utilizando-se-se toda a seção radial. Em todos os ensaios, verificou-se que a madeira de dez anos apresentou os menores valores de massa específica, seguida da madeira de quatorze anos. Os maiores valores de massa específica foram encontrados na madeira de vinte anos, seguida da madeira de vinte e cinco anos. Em todas as idades, verificou-se um crescimento dos valores de massa específica no sentido radial medula-casca. Os resultados obtidos com a análise densitométrica foram semelhantes aos dados apresentados na análise de massa específica aparente. INFLUENCE OF AGE AND RADIAL POSITION ON THE DENSITY OF THE WOOD OF Eucalyptus grandis HILL EX. MAIDEN Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the variation of wood specific gravity of Eucalyptus grandis of four ages and radial positions. Specific gravity samples were taken radial disks in the bark-to-pith direction at 0, 33, 66 and 100% of the radii. For the densitometry study samples were collected radially from disks at three positions of the stem. It was observed in all cases that 10-year-old trees had the lowest values of specific gravity, fourteen-year-old trees came second. Heaviest wood was found in 20-year-old trees, while the older (25-year) trees were a little lighter. It was found in all ages, that specific gravity increased from the pith to the bark.

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MASSA ESPECÍFICA E RETRATIBILIDADE DA MADEIRA DE SEIS ESPÉCIES DE EUCALIPTO CULTIVADAS NO LITORAL DE SANTA CATARINA

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v45i2.34699 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Jackson Roberto Eleotério ◽

Douglas Reichert ◽

Kerling Fabiane Hornburg ◽

Isalena Meneguelli

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Volumetric Shrinkage ◽

North Coast ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Eucalyptus Pilularis ◽

Eucalyptus Cloeziana ◽

Old Trees ◽

Shrinkage Coefficient

O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar e comparar a massa específica básica e aparente a 12% de umidade e os coeficientes de contração radial, tangencial e volumétrico de cinco espécies e um híbrido de eucalipto. As amostras de Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis e Eucalyptus resinifera foram retiradas de árvores com 17 anos; as de Eucalyptus grandis, de árvores com 14 anos; e as de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, de árvores com oito anos, todas plantadas no litoral norte de Santa Catarina. A madeira do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla e a de Eucalyptus grandis e de Eucalyptus pilularis classificam-se como leve, e a das demais espécies é classificada como madeira moderadamente pesada. Independentemente da contração analisada, os grupos formados na comparação de médias foram os mesmos. Os coeficientes de contração radial de Eucalyptus cloeziana e Eucalyptus resinifera são altos; já os coeficientes de contração tangencial e volumétrico de Eucalyptus grandis e volumétrico de Eucalyptus pilularis são baixos; e os demais podem ser classificados como médios. A variação na massa específica não é acompanhada de proporcional variação nos coeficientes de contração, resultando em baixas e moderadas correlações entre essas variáveis, apesar de significativas.Palavras-chave: Propriedades físicas; contração; Eucalyptus; Corymbia. AbstractSpecific gravity and shrinkage coefficients of wood of six species of eucalypts cultivated on the coast of Santa Catarina. This work aims at determining and comparing the basic and 12% moisture content specific gravity and radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of five species and a hybrid of eucalypts. The samples of Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus resinifera were extracted from 17 years old trees; ones of Eucalyptus grandis from 14 years old trees and the ones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla from eight years old trees, all of them planted on the North Coast of Santa Catarina State. The wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, of the Eucalyptus grandis and of the Eucalyptus pilularis can be classified as light, the others can be classified as moderately heavy. Independently on the shrinkage analyzed, the groups formed during the multiple mean comparing are the same. The radial shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus cloeziana and that of Eucalyptus resinifera are high. However, the tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of Eucalyptus grandis and the volumetric shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus pilularis are low; the others can be classified as medium. The variation on specific gravity is not followed by proportional variation on the shrinkage coefficients, resulting in low and moderate correlations between coefficients even tough significant.Keywords: Physical properties; shrinkage coefficients; Eucalyptus; Corymbia.

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Differences in wood properties among Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i16.24035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. e395101624035

Author(s):

Eduardo Luiz Longui ◽

Guilherme Henrique Custódio ◽

Erick Phelipe Amorim ◽

Francides Gomes da Silva Júnior ◽

Shinitiro Oda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Size ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Radial Pattern ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Old Trees ◽

Chemical Contents

We compared the anatomy, density, chemical contents, and bioenergy values of Eucalyptus grandis and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla wood originating from diploids, triploids and tetraploids. We hypothesize that Eucalyptus grandis and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy have variations as a result of different sets of chromosomes producing different phenotypic expressions and chemical constituents, such as variation in cell size and frequency, which would directly influence wood quality. Twenty-year-old trees were cut, eight for each ploidy: diploids and tetraploids are E. grandis; triploids are E. grandis x E. urophylla. We use standardized techniques. Our hypothesis was confirmed. Triploid and tetraploid trees presented wider trunks, taller trees with longer stems and wider crowns compared to diploid trees. Wood density showed significant radial variation only in diploids, while triploid and tetraploid trees were more homogeneous. In polyploid trees, the anatomical features did not clearly present a radial pattern. Triploid and tetraploid trees presented higher density wood than diploid trees. The chemical constituents varied from pith to bark in the three ploidies, but no differences between ploidies were found. For energy generation purposes, diploid and triploid trees are more desirable than tetraploid trees.

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Wood quality of white spruce from north central Alberta

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x84-035 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 181-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eugene I. C. Wang ◽

Michael M. Micko

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Wood Quality ◽

White Spruce ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Lake Area ◽

North Central ◽

Tracheid Length ◽

Wood Specific Gravity ◽

Variation Patterns ◽

Complex Variation

Wood specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured from increment cores and discs of 10 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees from each of four stands in the Slave Lake forest of north central Alberta. Such measurements were used to indicate the variation of wood properties among trees and within individual stems. The specific gravity of white spruce grown in the Slave Lake area was somewhat greater than that found in the Edson and Footner Lake areas reported earlier. Tracheid length was comparable to that found in trees from Footner Lake and longer than that from the Edson trees on the same age basis. Within a tree, growth rate affected wood specific gravity negatively. However, no correlation was evident between these parameters among trees. Seven trees were examined intensively to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith-to-bark and stump-to-crown are reported. Contrary to the Edson and Footner Lake trees, a very high corewood specific gravity was not observed. Tracheid length increased from pith to the periphery and from stump to crown.

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GROWTH AND VOLUMETRIC PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACES

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v6i3.3386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 38-47

Author(s):

Wesley Gomes Silva ◽

Darcy Maria da Conceição Laura dos Santos ◽

Ana Paula Leite Lima ◽

Filipi Duran Mattos ◽

Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Breast Height ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Volume Production ◽

Average Plant ◽

The Ideal

In forest stands, the ideal planting spacing can provide each tree with enough space for its establishment, aiming at greater growth and wood quality, according to the objective of planting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth in height, diameter, and volumetric production of three eucalyptus clones planted in different spacings. The experiment was carried out in an area belonging to Campo Bom Farm, in Chapadão do Sul, MS. A randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme, combining six spacings (2.5 x 0.5 m; 2.5 x 1.0 m; 2.5 x 2.0 m; 3.0 x 0.5 m; 3.0 x 1.0 m and 3.0 x 2.0 m) and three clone of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (GG 680, GG 157 and GG 100) with three replications. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of all plants were evaluated at 12, 18, 24, and 32 months after planting. At 32 months, the cubage of a tree per plot was performed to obtain the volume of wood per tree and hectare. In the largest spacings, the highest average plant heights were observed. The growth of plant height was reduced from 24 months of age, except for the GG 680 clone, at 2.5 x 2.0 m and 2.5 x 1.0 m spacings, and in GG 100 clone, at 2.5 x 1.0 m spacing. The average diameter and volume per tree increased with the spacing for the three clones, while the volume per area was higher in the denser spacing. Wood volume production per area was dependent on the spacing used for the three clones.

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