scholarly journals Influence of the acid erosion associated with dental bleaching in bovine enamel: In vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e30410514754
Author(s):  
Thaís Miranda Xavier de Almeida Justi ◽  
Karla Lorene de França Leite ◽  
Laísa Inara Gracindo Lopes ◽  
Narcy Sheilla Rodrigues ◽  
João Victor Frazão Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Dental Whitening

Objective: To evaluate the influence of acid erosion caused by the daily intake of lemon juice or apple cider vinegar, associated with immediate dental whitening, on bovine enamel. Materials and Methods: 30 bovine teeth were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks and were distributed into three groups (n = 10): G1- Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide; G2- Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide + lemon juice and G3 - Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide + apple cider vinegar. Treatments were performed for 21 days, the varnish was removed and the analysis of loss of structure and surface roughness were performed by means of non-contact 3D Confocal Chromatic Profilometer. The roughness data obtained were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests. Results: All groups exhibited greater roughness (Sa) on the side exposed to the treatments (G1 = 3.17b; G2 = 4.17b; G3 = 3.99b) compared to the unexposed side (G1 = 2.55a; G2 = 3.94a; G3 = 2.40a). There was a statistically significant difference among the groups evaluated, being G1 (3.17A) <G3 (3.99C) <G2 (4.17B). Conclusion: 35% hydrogen peroxide has the least erosive potential when compared to its association with vinegar and to lemon juice.

scholarly journals Impact of Bleaching before or after Veneer Preparation on Color Masking Ability of Laminate Veneers: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gollshang Ahmad Mhammed Dalloo ◽  
Bestoon Mohammed Faraj ◽  
Abdulsalam Rasheed Al-Zahawi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminate Veneers ◽  
Cielab Color

Purpose. This study evaluates the effect of bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the depth of preparation on color masking ability of laminate veneers. Methods. Sixty extracted premolars were artificially stained to vita shade A4, verified by digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade V), and then divided into three groups: NB = nonbleached , BBP = bleaching before preparation, and BAP = bleaching after preparation. Based on the preparation depths, each group was further divided into two subgroups: S 1 = 0.5   mm and S 2 = 1.0   mm . BBP and BAP were subjected to one session of in-office bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide. IPS e-max CAD veneers of 0.5 and 1.0 mm thickness (corresponding to the preparation depths) of the same shade and translucency (HT A1) were cemented immediately to the bleached surfaces. Immediately after cementation, the color change Δ E between the baseline (after staining) and the resulted shades was measured using the Vita Easy Shade V digital spectrophotometer and CIELab color system. Results. Bleached groups exhibited a significant Δ E value compared to the nonbleached group ( p < 0.05 ). BAP showed the highest Δ E value. No significant difference was found between BBP and BAP. S2 revealed a significant Δ E value than S1 ( p < 0.05 ). No significant difference was found between S1of BAP and S2 of NB, BBP, and BAP ( p > 0.05 ). Regarding the color coordinates, the difference between the tested groups was highly significant in lightness ( Δ L ∗ ) ( p < 0.001 ), while no significant differences were found in green/red value ( Δ a ∗ ) and yellow/blue value ( Δ b ∗ ) ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusions. In cases of severe tooth discoloration, one session of in-office bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the preparation depth do not influence the color masking ability of laminate veneers.

The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on the outcome of tooth whitening: an in vitro study

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sulieman ◽  
M. Addy ◽  
E. MacDonald ◽  
J.S. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Whitening

scholarly journals Effects of a bleaching agent with calcium on bovine enamel

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Alexandrino ◽  
Yasmin Gomes ◽  
Eliane Alves ◽  
Hilton Costi ◽  
Hervé Rogez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tristimulus Colorimetry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: This in vitro study analyzed the effects of a bleaching treatment containing 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with or without calcium on bovine enamel, using the Knoop hardness number (KHN), tristimulus colorimetry (TC), and scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Forty-five specimens were randomly divided into groups (n = 5), which included artificial saliva (negative control [NC]), 35% HP (positive control [PC]), and 35% HP Blue Calcium (HP Blue). The specimens were subjected to three bleaching sessions. During the sessions, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. Before and after bleaching, KHN tests were conducted using a force of 25 gf for 5 s. TC was performed using the CIE-L*a*b* system and readouts were obtained at the following 4 time points: Before the bleaching treatment; after the first session, the second session, and the third session. The specimens were dehydrated and coated with gold, and the photomicrographs were analyzed in a double-blind manner with a LEO microscope. Results: Using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P < 0.05), a statistically significant difference was identified between the initial and final mean KHNs of the NC and PC groups, while the initial and final mean KHNs were not significantly different in the HP Blue group. The final mean values of ⋄E, ⋄L, and ⋄b of the PC and HP Blue groups were significantly higher than the initial values (P < 0.01 for both). The photomicrographs revealed no differences among the groups. Conclusions: Therefore, treatment with HP Blue prevented changes in the KHN without reducing the efficacy of bleaching.

scholarly journals Effect of exposure frequencies of pear juice on tooth whitening

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobalakrishna Munusamy ◽  
Endang Sukartini ◽  
Ayu Trisna Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Whitening Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pear Juice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tooth Colour

Introduction: Tooth whitening (Bleaching) is a method to restore discoloured teeth to the original tooth colour with a chemical process. The materials used in the bleaching process are hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborates and carbamide peroxide. Pear fruit consists of hydrogen peroxide which is potentially an oxidizing compound that produces free radicals that react with unsaturated bonding teeth staining substances. This study aims to analyzed tooth whitening effect of exposure of pear juice with different frequencies. Methods: The type of research was true in vitro experiment where samples of 32 maxillary premolar teeth had cut the root to CEJ. The specimens divided into four groups. The first group was soaked in pear juice two times, the second group three times, a third group four times, and the fourth was the control group using only mineral water. Tooth colour was measure using a Spectrophometer, conducted before and after individual soaking. Results: The research result is tested with ANOVA and Newman- Keuls Range Test showed a significant difference of tooth whitening degree between the frequency exposure pear juice after 2 times soaking, 3 times soaking and 4 times soaking. Conclusion: There are difference degree of whitening from the difference frequency exposure of pear juice and Pear juice exposure of 4 times gives higher whitening effect compared to frequency of 3 times, 2 times and control group which is soaked in water.

scholarly journals Do different bleaching protocols affect the enamel microhardness?

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 025-030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli ◽  
Taisa R. Conti Garrido Gabriel ◽  
Fabio Antonio Piola Rizzante ◽  
Ana Carolina Magalhães ◽  
Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Bovine Enamel

ABSTRACT Objective: Tooth bleaching tends to increase enamel roughness and porosity, in addition to reducing surface microhardness. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching treatments using different hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations, with and without light activation on bovine enamel microhardness. Materials and Methods: The buccal surfaces of sixty bovine incisors were flattened and polished and the enamel specimens were divided into six groups: G1: Control, exposed to artificial saliva; G2: 35% HP applied in two sessions (45’ each); G3: 35% HP applied in two sessions (3 × 15’ each); G4: 35% HP applied in one session (3 × 7’30”) plus hybrid light (HL); G5: 25% HP applied in one session (3 × 7’30”) plus HL; and G6: 15% HP applied in one session (3 × 7’30”) plus HL. After the treatment, the enamel specimens were stored in artificial saliva. The surface microhardness (Knoop) was measured at the baseline, 24 h and 7 days after bleaching. The data was analyzed using the ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey–Krummer test (P < 0.05). Results: All bleaching procedures lead to a decrease in surface microhardness when compared with the control group after 24 h. The lowest change in surface microhardness was found in the specimens treated with 15% HP plus HL. However, 35% HP plus HL induced the highest decrease in surface microhardness. After 7 days of remineralization, the surface microhardness returned to normal levels for all bleached specimens. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the bleaching protocols caused a slight enamel surface alteration. However, the remineralization process minimized these effects.

scholarly journals Comparison the effect of charcoal-containing, hydrogen peroxide-containing, and abrasive whitening toothpastes on color stability of a resin composite; an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mehrgan ◽  
Hamid Kermanshah ◽  
Ladan Ranjbar Omrani ◽  
Elham Ahmadi ◽  
Niyousha Rafeie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color Shift

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare the effects of charcoal-containing, hydrogen peroxide-containing, and abrasive whitening toothpastes on color stability of a resin composite. Methods Forty-five specimens were fabricated of spectrum TPH3 composite resin and stored in artificial saliva for 24 h. Baseline color assessment was performed using a spectrophotometer device. Then, the specimens were randomly assigned into 5 experimental groups, namely distilled water (GC), Bencer (GB), colgate optic white (GO), perfect white black (GP) and colgate total whitening (GT) toothpastes. The specimens immersed in coffee solution for 10 min and brushed for 1 min with respective toothpaste and then stored in artificial saliva until the next day. This cycle was repeated for 30 days. After 30 days, the final color assessment was performed using the spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results Experimental groups were not significantly different in terms of Δa and ΔE values. However, ΔL and Δb values showed significant difference among the groups. Regarding Δa, GT and GC groups showed red color shift while the other groups showed green color shift. Regarding Δb, all groups showed blue color shift except GT group which showed yellow color shift. Conclusion None of the whitening toothpastes could decrease discoloration caused by the coffee solution to the level below the perceptibility threshold except Colgate Optic White which reduced discoloration within the clinically acceptable perceptibility range.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Peroxide Release Kinetics of Four Tooth Whitening Products—In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7597
Author(s):  
Susana Dias ◽  
António Mata ◽  
João Silveira ◽  
Ruben Pereira ◽  
Angelo Putignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Kinetics Of

Tooth whitening efficacy can be influenced by several factors, of which concentration and application time are two of the most important. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the initial content and release kinetics of the hydrogen peroxide (HP) content, or the carbamide peroxide (CP) content as converted to its HP equivalent, of four tooth whitening products with different concentrations (6% HP, 16% CP, 10% CP, and 5% CP). Titrations with Cerium Sulphate IV were performed to determine HP concentration. HP release kinetics were evaluated by a spectrophotometric technique. The results were expressed as the mean values and 95% confidence interval of the percentage of hydrogen peroxide content during release kinetics. One sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc testing, and Pearson correlation testing were used, as appropriate, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The concentration of titrated HP was higher than that indicated by the manufacturers in all tested products (p < 0.01). At the minimum application times indicated by the manufacturers, all products released at least 85% of HP content; the gel containing 10% CP registered the lowest release at 85.49 (81.52–89.46). There was a significant HP release in all products during the application times indicated by the manufacturers. Further studies are needed to assess in vitro release kinetics.

scholarly journals Determination of the Whitening Effect of Toothpastes on Human Teeth

2021 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Numan Aydın ◽  
Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu ◽  
Elif Aybala Oktay ◽  
Bilge Ersöz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Single Point ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Whitening Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electric Toothbrush ◽  
Jaw Model

Objective: The desire of individuals to have whiter teeth increases the interest in tooth whitening products. Our aim was to in vitro study the whitening effect of hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and active charcoal containing whitening toothpastes on human teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 extracted human incisor teeth were used in the study. To measure the whitening effect of toothpastes, the teeth were divided into four subgroups and placed in the phantom tooth jaw model. Then, daily brushing was done with an electric toothbrush. The colors of the teeth were measured initially using the spectrophotometer (single point and bleached shade mode) and at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days. Whitening effectiveness of toothpastes were studied according to CIEDE2000 formula (∆E00) and shade guide units (SGU). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. (p<0.05). Results: Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed the greatest whitening effect at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the whitening effects of hydrogen peroxide and conventional toothpaste (p>0.05). Blue covarine containing toothpaste had statistically the lowest whitening effect (p<0.05). Conclusions: All toothpastes showed a whitening effect on the teeth after 7 days of use. Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed more whitening effect after 28 days of use than hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and traditional toothpaste.

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