scholarly journals Determination of the Whitening Effect of Toothpastes on Human Teeth

2021 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Numan Aydın ◽  
Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu ◽  
Elif Aybala Oktay ◽  
Bilge Ersöz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Single Point ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Whitening Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electric Toothbrush ◽  
Jaw Model

Objective: The desire of individuals to have whiter teeth increases the interest in tooth whitening products. Our aim was to in vitro study the whitening effect of hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and active charcoal containing whitening toothpastes on human teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 extracted human incisor teeth were used in the study. To measure the whitening effect of toothpastes, the teeth were divided into four subgroups and placed in the phantom tooth jaw model. Then, daily brushing was done with an electric toothbrush. The colors of the teeth were measured initially using the spectrophotometer (single point and bleached shade mode) and at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days. Whitening effectiveness of toothpastes were studied according to CIEDE2000 formula (∆E00) and shade guide units (SGU). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. (p<0.05). Results: Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed the greatest whitening effect at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the whitening effects of hydrogen peroxide and conventional toothpaste (p>0.05). Blue covarine containing toothpaste had statistically the lowest whitening effect (p<0.05). Conclusions: All toothpastes showed a whitening effect on the teeth after 7 days of use. Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed more whitening effect after 28 days of use than hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and traditional toothpaste.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Efficacy of Biopure MTAD in Root Canal Contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blerim Kamberi ◽  
Donika Bajrami ◽  
Miranda Stavileci ◽  
Shuhreta Omeragiq ◽  
Fatmir Dragidella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

Aim. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Biopure MTAD against E. faecalis in contaminated root canals. Materials and Methods. Forty-two single rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for four weeks. The samples were divided in two control and five experimental groups irrigated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl); 3% NaOCl; BioPure MTAD; 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA; or 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. After a one-week incubation, complete disinfection was confirmed by the absence of turbidity in the incubation media. Dentin shavings were taken from samples with no turbidity to verify whether E. faecalis was present in dentin tubules. Results were analyzed statistically using Fisher's exact test, with the level of significance set at . Results. Statistical analysis of the data obtained at Day 7 and after dentin shaving analysis showed that BioPure MTAD had significantly greater antibacterial activity than 1.5% NaOCl, 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA and 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. No significant difference was detected between MTAD and 3% NaOCl. Conclusions. These findings suggest that BioPure MTAD possesses superior bactericidal activity compared with NaOCl and EDTA against E. faecalis.

scholarly journals Impact of Bleaching before or after Veneer Preparation on Color Masking Ability of Laminate Veneers: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gollshang Ahmad Mhammed Dalloo ◽  
Bestoon Mohammed Faraj ◽  
Abdulsalam Rasheed Al-Zahawi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminate Veneers ◽  
Cielab Color

Purpose. This study evaluates the effect of bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the depth of preparation on color masking ability of laminate veneers. Methods. Sixty extracted premolars were artificially stained to vita shade A4, verified by digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade V), and then divided into three groups: NB = nonbleached , BBP = bleaching before preparation, and BAP = bleaching after preparation. Based on the preparation depths, each group was further divided into two subgroups: S 1 = 0.5   mm and S 2 = 1.0   mm . BBP and BAP were subjected to one session of in-office bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide. IPS e-max CAD veneers of 0.5 and 1.0 mm thickness (corresponding to the preparation depths) of the same shade and translucency (HT A1) were cemented immediately to the bleached surfaces. Immediately after cementation, the color change Δ E between the baseline (after staining) and the resulted shades was measured using the Vita Easy Shade V digital spectrophotometer and CIELab color system. Results. Bleached groups exhibited a significant Δ E value compared to the nonbleached group ( p < 0.05 ). BAP showed the highest Δ E value. No significant difference was found between BBP and BAP. S2 revealed a significant Δ E value than S1 ( p < 0.05 ). No significant difference was found between S1of BAP and S2 of NB, BBP, and BAP ( p > 0.05 ). Regarding the color coordinates, the difference between the tested groups was highly significant in lightness ( Δ L ∗ ) ( p < 0.001 ), while no significant differences were found in green/red value ( Δ a ∗ ) and yellow/blue value ( Δ b ∗ ) ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusions. In cases of severe tooth discoloration, one session of in-office bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the preparation depth do not influence the color masking ability of laminate veneers.

scholarly journals Influence of the acid erosion associated with dental bleaching in bovine enamel: In vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e30410514754
Author(s):  
Thaís Miranda Xavier de Almeida Justi ◽  
Karla Lorene de França Leite ◽  
Laísa Inara Gracindo Lopes ◽  
Narcy Sheilla Rodrigues ◽  
João Victor Frazão Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Dental Whitening

Objective: To evaluate the influence of acid erosion caused by the daily intake of lemon juice or apple cider vinegar, associated with immediate dental whitening, on bovine enamel. Materials and Methods: 30 bovine teeth were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks and were distributed into three groups (n = 10): G1- Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide; G2- Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide + lemon juice and G3 - Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide + apple cider vinegar. Treatments were performed for 21 days, the varnish was removed and the analysis of loss of structure and surface roughness were performed by means of non-contact 3D Confocal Chromatic Profilometer. The roughness data obtained were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests. Results: All groups exhibited greater roughness (Sa) on the side exposed to the treatments (G1 = 3.17b; G2 = 4.17b; G3 = 3.99b) compared to the unexposed side (G1 = 2.55a; G2 = 3.94a; G3 = 2.40a). There was a statistically significant difference among the groups evaluated, being G1 (3.17A) <G3 (3.99C) <G2 (4.17B). Conclusion: 35% hydrogen peroxide has the least erosive potential when compared to its association with vinegar and to lemon juice.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA MODIFICAÇÃO DA BASE DE COLAGEM E DA CONTAMINAÇÃO SALIVAR NA RESISTÊNCIA DE UNIÃO DE TUBOS ORTODÔNTICOS COLADOS AO ESMALTE HUMANO

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. eUJ3657
Author(s):  
Germano Brandão ◽  
◽  
Liliana Ávila Maltagliati ◽  
Ana Carla Raphaelli Nahás-Scocate ◽  
Murilo Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the shear bond strength of conventional and modified orthodontic tubes bonded to the surface of dry and saliva-contaminated enamel. The sample consisted of 40 human teeth, which were randomly divided into four groups according to attachment base and presence or absence of saliva contamination as follows: Group CB, conventional orthodontic tubes without salivary contamination; Group CB-S, conventional orthodontic tubes with salivary contamination; Groups BM, orthodontic tubes modified by welding a metal mesh to their base without salivary contamination; and Group BM-S, modified orthodontic tubes with salivary contamination. Shear bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine and analysis of the adhesive remnant index (ARI) by optical microscopy. Two-way ANOVA was used, followed by Tukey’s test at a statistical significance level of 5%. The ARI results were analysed descriptively. There was statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the shear bond strength values, with conventional tubes presenting significantly higher values (P < 0.05). In addition, the presence of salivary contamination interfered negatively with the behaviour of conventional tubes only (P < 0.05). Shear bond strength was not improved by increasing the area of the orthodontic tubes. Moreover, salivary contamination influenced negatively the SBS values, but only when conventional tubes were used.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bleaching efficacy of 37.5% hydrogen peroxide on human teeth using different modes of activations: An in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
ThakurVeerandar Singh ◽  
Neha Bhutani ◽  
BhuvanShome Venigalla ◽  
JayaPrakash Patil ◽  
SistlaVenkata Jyotsna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Human Teeth

scholarly journals IN VITRO STUDY ON MARGINAL MICROLEAKAGE OF FOUR TEMPORARY CEMENTS IN PROVISIONAL CROWNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi Nag ◽  
Dr. Jagjeet Singh ◽  
Dr. Abhilasha Masih Gottlieb ◽  
Dr. Ponnanna A. A. ◽  
Dr. Nikhil Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Luting Cement ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Prolonged retention of provisional restoration is depends upon the long term affinity between restoration and teeth structures which depend upon the use of good mechanical characteristics, low solubility, and superior adhesion  quality of luting cement which also resist bacterial and molecular penetration. Hence, assessment of marginal leakage of provisional restorative materials sealed with provisional cements using the standardized procedures is essential. Aim: This study aimed at in vitro study of microleakage of 4 provisional cements, a cavity base compound and a zinc-phosphate luting cement in provisional acrylic resin crowns fixed on extracted human teeth. Material & Methods:  The teeth with acrylic restorations were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6 specimens each. Each group received different types of temporary cement. Acrylic resin crowns were made and fitted on intact human premolars with the 4 cements. All restorations were applied in a standardized manner. Specimen were submerged in a 2% methylene blue solution, then sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope for the detection of marginal microleakage. Obtained data were subjected to ANNOVA and Chi –square test to know statistical significant difference between different groups.  P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results and observation: Mean frequency of microleakage was statistically significant among all the groups under study with Pvalue<0.017. Conclusion: Among all the temporary cement, Zinc-phosphate cements has the best property with reduced microleakage. Even it is used as cavity base but can be used as good temporary cement as far as microleakage is concerned. Key words, Microleakage, provisional cement, restorations, crowns, in vitro

scholarly journals Accuracy of Working Length Determination using NovApex and Root-ZX Apex Locators: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zand ◽  
Saeed Rahimi ◽  
Paria Davoudi ◽  
Abubakr Afshang
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Visual Technique ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

ABSTRACT Introduction This ex vivo study evaluated the accuracy of the Root-ZX electronic apex locator (EAL) (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) and the NovApex (Forum Technologies, Rishon Lezion, Israel) in determining the working length (WL) during endodontic treatment. Materials and methods Forty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected for this study. The actual WL was measured with visual technique by a size #15 k-file under magnification. Then, the canal lengths were measured electronically with both Root-ZX and NovApex apex locators within ±0.5 and ±1 mm. Mean percentage of data was analyzed between groups using paired t-test, with a statistically significant level of p < 0.05. Results The accuracy of NovApex apex locator was 85% within ±0.5 mm and 92.5% within ±1 mm. The accuracy of Root-ZX apex locator was 70% within ±0.5 mm and 97.5% within ±1 mm. There was no significant difference between the accuracy of the two EALs. Conclusion Both the NovApex and Root-ZX EALs are useful for measuring the WL with high accuracy. Clinical significance Given the importance of accurate WL determination in the success of endodontic treatments, the accuracy of different apex locators should be evaluated. How to cite this article Zand V, Rahimi S, Davoudi P, Afshang A. Accuracy of Working Length Determination using NovApex and Root-ZX Apex Locators: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):383-385.

scholarly journals Comparative in vitro study of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis reduction using photosensitizers in aPDT

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e214034
Author(s):  
Maria Cleide Azevedo Braz ◽  
André Hayato Saguchi ◽  
Eduardo Akisue ◽  
Adriana de Oliveira Lira ◽  
Sidnea Aparecida Freitas Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Comparisons

Aim: To compare Enterococcus faecalis reduction after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used with methylene blue, toluidine blue, tannin, and curcumin as photosensitizers, an adjunct to endodontic chemomechanical preparation (CMP) in root canals of human teeth. Methods: A total of 120 single-rooted teeth were divided into 6 groups (n  =  20): G1- CMP and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G2- CMP and saline solution; G3- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% methylene blue; G4- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% toluidine blue; G5- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% tannin; and G6- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% curcumin. A portable semiconductor laser was used (660  nm, 100  mW, 1.8  J, 180s) in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and a blue LED light-curing (420-480  nm, 1200 mV/cm2 ) in G6. For all groups, a 5 min pre-irradiation time was applied. Samples were collected before (initial collection), immediately after (intermediate collection) and 7 days after CMP (final collection) for colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p >< 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.>< 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p < 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.><  0.001) and final collections (p < 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies>< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microleakage by Gas Permeability and Marginal Adaptation of MTA and Biodentine™ Apical Plugs: In Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Karen Brenes-Valverde DDS ◽  
Elian Conejo-Rodríguez PhD ◽  
José Roberto Vega-Baudrit PhD ◽  
Mauricio Montero-Aguilar MSc ◽  
Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños MSc, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Gas Permeability ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cylindrical Sample ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Nitrogen Diffusion ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference

The endodontic treatment of teeth with incomplete development is always a complex task. Nowadays, biomaterials such as bioceramics offers promising clinical evidence that supports its use. However, the standardization of its use for apexification purpose still needs a deeper understanding of the materials’ behavior. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the marginal adaptability and microleakage by gas permeability of MTA and Biodentine™ apical plugs in an in vitro model. Materials and methods: Twenty-four single rooted human teeth were selected according to previously stablished inclusion criteria. All samples were prepared obtaining standard cylindrical internal canals with a diameter of 1.3 mm. Root canals were gently rinsed using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and EDTA 17%. The apical 3mm and remaining coronal dental structure were sectioned to obtain 10mm roots. Roots were randomly assigned to 3 different groups as follows: GROUP A: MTA (n=10), GROUP B: Biodentine™ (n=10) and Group C: Control (positive n=1, negative n=3). MTA and Biodentine™ were prepared according to manufacturer’s indications, and apical plugs of 4mm were passively placed in the correspondent teeth. All samples were stored in saline solution for 7 days at 37°C before evaluation. Samples were mounted in cylindrical sample-holders using epoxy resin. Microleakage was evaluated with an automatic permeability detector that calculates nitrogen diffusion between the material-root interphase. After microleakage evaluation, the samples were recovered and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microleakage results were analyzed using Chi-square and adaptation was evaluated with a descriptive analysis. Results: None of the evaluated materials completely avoided the nitrogen microleakage (positive leakage of 10% and 20% of samples for MTA and Biodentine™ respectively); with no statistical significant difference between groups (p=0.527).  All apical plugs showed good adaptation under SEM, at 30x, 200x, 1000x and 2500x; with microscopical structures similar to previous reports. Conclusions: Both bioceramics behave similar when used as apical barriers to avoid permeability, with acceptable marginal adaptation. Further in vivo studies are needed to validate these results.  

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on the Degree of Tooth Staining Caused by Pollen Water and Chlorhexidine: In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 674-679
Author(s):  
Khalid S. Almulhim ◽  
Muhanad S. Alhareky ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed AlDakhil ◽  
Odai Alsultan ◽  
Kasumi K. Barouch
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sudden Decrease

Background: Chlorhexidine oral rinse has been used as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontal disease. However, there are drawbacks of using chlorhexidine i.e. tooth staining and other side effects, including allergy reaction. In light of the proven therapeutic properties of pollen water as well as its relatively cheap cost in the market, pollen water has a potential to be an effective alternative to chlorhexidine oral rinse. The aim of this study is to compare the degree of tooth staining influenced by water-based pollen mouthwash to the standard Chlorhexidine mouthwash using spectrophotometer. Materials and Methods: 24 specimens from extracted intact human teeth were soaked into the three different solutions, Chlorhexidine, Pollen water (date palm pollen water suspension), and normal water. Color measurements were carried out by a spectrophotometer devise and recorded at 5 different time intervals. Color change (∆E), Chroma (C*) and Hue (H*) were analyzed and compared among the three solutions. Results: Overall mean ∆E was similar in all groups, significant difference between all time points was found only in pollen water. The change in C* was higher in pollen water as compared to other solutions. There was a subtle increase in H* in the Chlorhexidine samples after week 3. The H* values in pollen water were stable, but a sudden decrease was observed in week 6. The difference in H* among the three solutions was significant after 3 weeks. Conclusion: Within the limitation of our study, it can be concluded that Pollen water stained teeth to a lesser extent than did chlorhexidine. It might be beneficial to use Pollen water as mouthwash however, further investigation is needed regarding the efficacy of plaque control.

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